The shining red star is still here today, I don't see the Communist Party back then.闪闪红星今犹在，不见当年共产党。

The shining red star is still here today,

I don't see the Communist Party back then.

Compulsory

Never turn over the textbook

・Cowshed・

Compulsory

Organized by Liu Deng Command

Never turn over the textbook

Hello, dear readers! Glad you opened the book!

If you are a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist, this book may answer the questions you still haven't found

Some questions about the case to help you work better; if you are becoming a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist

Communists, maybe this book will help you learn faster and become a communist fighter; if you

Not yet a MLM, maybe this book will change your mind.

At present, the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist movement is flourishing, and our comrades have compiled a lot of information,

However, these materials are numerous and complicated, and they are very unfriendly to those who are initially in contact with Marxism-Leninism-Mao. And, there are

Some people gnawed at their mentor's works when they first came up, but they made themselves dizzy and couldn't understand. therefore,

It is especially necessary to write a set of concise introductory books. Thus, this book came into being

gave birth.

In order to enhance persuasiveness, this book refers to, quotes, and extracts a lot of information,

I would like to express my gratitude to the comrades who compiled and sorted out these materials.

Due to the hasty production, some parts of this book are not perfect enough.

valuable opinion!

Resolutely spread the thought of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, refute the erroneous theories of characteristic revisionism, and expose

They carry the red flag against the red flag's deceitful lies! ! !

The horn of revolution has sounded!

The new sun is calling us forward!

Now, turn to the next page!

Editor of this book Li Weishe

June 2021

"Reform and opening up" has been carried out for more than 40 years, and the government often publishes it in newspapers, news, documentaries, textbooks, etc.

Local great book special book, praises Deng Xiaoping and others, when describing the state of social development, always don't forget to add a sentence

"Especially since the reform and opening up". So, let us see what "especially since the reform and opening up" has brought

Bar:

In 1997, a large number of workers were laid off, which caused huge pressure and extremely bad influence on the society;

In 1998, Zhu Rongji came to power to carry out further revisionist reforms. Around 2000, there were many labor movements.

Labor movements such as the city-wide strike of Qing workers, the city-wide strike of Zhuji workers, and the city-wide strike of Liaoyang workers.

In 2008, the international financial crisis broke out, and the world economic order dominated by old imperialism was shaken, while China

A slight advantage in the economic storm (less losses, but large enough), thus, as a new imperialist

countries, China has embarked on the road of confrontation with the old imperialist countries;

(What is imperialism? Why do you say that? See Lecture 12)

Since 2006, Tonghua Iron and Steel workers have carried out a series of struggles. On March 12, 2009, 7,000 people gathered;

In 2010, 2,000 Nanhai Honda workers went on strike, which later triggered strikes by workers from other auto companies;

Since 2016, there have been collective strikes by food delivery staff in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other places, and it has intensified since 2018.

On May 16, 2018, more than 100 delivery workers in Chongqing went on strike;

From April 25, 2018, tower crane workers across the country went on strike, affecting more than a dozen provinces;

In 2019, "the rich man of the people" Ma Yun threw out the so-called "996 blessings", which aroused strong disgust among netizens.

serious damage to reputation;

Etc., etc.

If you think these are just examples and don't explain much, then take a look at the map on the next page! after all I like to speak with data.

The picture below is a map of workers’ collective actions in various provinces in the mainland (the map has been cut due to space), and the circles are

Indicates the number of collective actions (all of which can be found on the Internet, we have to consider the official crackdown

hit). The time span of the top one is eight years, and the next two are one year.

2011.01-2019.05

2019.05-2020.05 2020.05-2021.05

Let's take a few more pie charts to get a feel for the "weight".

※The data above, the data on the next page and the data in the appendix come from the website https://maps.clb.org.hk/ (can be traced back to 2011)

Not only can you find a lot of statistical information on this website, but you can also check the content of specific events. In theory, you need to surf the Internet scientifically.

There are other statistical information in the appendix of this book, you can find them if you need them.

The figure below shows the statistics of workers’ collective actions during the decade from May 2011 to May 2020

pie chart.

By Industry

Classification by request

by official response

Classified by number of participants

Let's briefly analyze these pictures.

1. There have always been collective incidents of workers in China, mainly concentrated in the east, most frequently in Henan, followed by Guangdong,

Jiangsu, Shandong;

2. In the industry, construction workers who work the dirtiest, most tiring, and have a high risk factor account for the largest part (workers

Should people be oppressed? ), followed by manufacturing, service, transportation, warehousing and postal services;

3. From the point of view of requirements, most of them are still in arrears of wages, accounting for 70% (the boss makes more money and runs faster);

4. Judging from the official response, two-thirds of the incidents have the above but not the context! (News blocking works really well) Except this

For those who have nothing to say, the most is to dispatch the police;

5. Judging from the number of participants, it is mainly small-scale collective events, but there are also many more than a hundred people, accounting for one-fifth.

In summary, two conclusions are drawn:

Then we estimate the number of people affected in the past ten years. It is difficult for the editor to count so many incidents, so we have to estimate one by one.

Down. Of course it’s not random calculations, let’s make a conservative estimate:

1-100 people count as 20 people, 101-1000 people count as 150 people, 1001-10000 people count as 1500 people, and more than 10000 people count

For 10,000 people, those who are unknown are counted as 10 people. Get a total of people affected by the class struggle during this decade! And this, still

Keep estimates. And it cannot be ignored that all the above incidents are just the tip of the iceberg in the class struggle in China! I don't know what's underneath,

How many untold stories of blood and tears, how many people who are deeply exploited and oppressed but dare not stand up to fight!

Next is the trend of changes in the number of labor movements in the past few years. First of all, smartphones have not been popularized in the past three years.

(The popularity began around 2013), and the 4G network is not so popular, so we remove these outliers;

In the last two years, due to the impact of the virus pandemic in 2020, and because 2021 has not yet ended at the time of writing, I

They are also removed.

Then we will find that the number of events per year exceeds 1200, and the average number of events must be at least 100 per month. in 2015

There has been a small climax in the two years since 2016, with an average of 227 pieces per month! And this doesn't even take into account the blockade and suppression.

They talk about "positivity" and I just want to ask what positivity there is!

After talking about the economy, let's look at politics! Look at this "socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship" to

Is it true to its name?

The picture on the left shows the number and proportion of representatives of workers and peasants in the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (from "People's Daily Online"). you do

As a "proletarian" party, as a party that flaunts "communism", it declares

There are only so many representatives of workers and peasants in a party that "does not forget its original intention"? Can you still blow it?

The picture on the right shows the composition of the representatives of the Thirteenth National People's Congress. Similarly, there are only a few representatives of workers and peasants.

It also "increased by 2.28 percentage points", and I am not afraid of laughing at people.

One-third of the people's congresses are "leading cadres of the party and government", which means bureaucrats. and you

Doing the math, the workers, peasants, and the Party combined accounted for less than half of it. As for the rest, most of them were probably

"Entrepreneur representative" now!

Some people have already recognized this and expressed concern, just look at the two pictures below!

Article source: http://m.wyzxwk.com/content.php?cid=27&classid=27&id=129986

The picture on the left shows people's worries ten years ago

Next, let's talk about the bureaucratic style of work, which is even more unflattering.

There is a lot of corruption, and if something happens, it will not be dealt with unless it is on the hot search.

Some people who were filled with righteous indignation were persecuted and even died because of it. We can see many such things on the Internet. like Yu

Zhang Shuyuan incident, etc., are vivid reflections.

They are not serving the people, they are serving the capitalists and their pocketbooks. remember the highest

Chief Prosecutor Zhang Jun's theory of "not arresting those who can't be arrested, and not prosecuting what can't be prosecuted"? Well, yes, combined with the previous system

According to statistics (isn't there still "police dispatch"), I found that the life of "entrepreneurs" is life, and the life of workers is not.

It is fate; the money of "entrepreneurs" must be protected, but the money of workers need not be protected; the rights and interests of "entrepreneurs" must be protected, and workers

People's rights will be trampled on.

This is called "fairness and justice"! factory anyway

Once the door is closed, the Constitution cannot enter. where else

What labor law? After all, "doctors cannot be punished", capital

If the family has money, how can it share a set of laws with the workers?

To sum up, we know that economically, workers have no status; politically, workers have no status;

Unbearable, it serves the capitalists; as for the law, it has nothing to do with the workers.

Didn't Deng Xiaoping support "practice is the only criterion for testing truth"? Practice has proved that the reform

It was a mistake, and a downright mistake! "Especially since the reform and opening up", our China has become increasingly chaotic

Chaos, increasing turmoil!

Socialism is to liberate the workers, but what? The shackles did not decrease but increased!

Wait, have you achieved a lot since the reform and opening up?

I will analyze and analyze it for you in the next lecture, but before that, I want to dedicate a piece of paper to the great "Communist Party of China".

Calligraphy works spliced with Mao font characters, I hope they will like it! If you don't mind, I think it can be pasted with gold leaf

It is very suitable to go to Zhongnanhai Xinhua Gate!

Grandpa Deng, our chief designer, planned a path for us, and we followed this path.

The more I walked, the more I found something was wrong. But it looks like a lot of achievements? Next, let's see where these achievements come from.

This lecture is more important and requires a lot of effort. Of course, I will try to be as concise as possible.

When it comes to reform, one has to mention Xiaogang Village, "Sining Daily" (a left-wing newspaper, affiliated with the Voice of Marxism-Leninism, which has

ceased publication) once published an article, here is an excerpt for everyone, everyone think about this village is a paradise on earth

It's still a political joke, so I won't talk too much about it. Xiaogang Village was lifted out of poverty only a few years ago, and it really deserves to be the "first village of reform"!

Compared with the rapid enclosure movement, the agricultural production and construction of Xiaogang Village has almost stagnated. Now Xiaogang

The village still depends on the sky for food, and the problem of water shortage in agricultural production has not been solved. So far, Yan Deyou's vineyard

The water depends on a reservoir in another place. What is even more ironic is that this reservoir was built during the Cultural Revolution

However, it will take half a month for the water from the reservoir to reach Xiaogang Village. In 2013, Yan Deyou’s vineyard was

Drought and lack of water, the whole area died.

Behind the political aura of Xiaogang Village, what I see is an ordinary Chinese village facing other

The same problems in rural areas: most of the villagers are working outside, and young people have long looked down on the work of farming.

lack of labor force to engage in agricultural production, and now the fields in the hands of Xiaogang Villagers are basically transferred out, only

Leave some ration fields. Only Yan Meichang, the leader of the big contract back then, still held the field tightly,

He became a well-known nail household in Xiaogang Village: "If the land is transferred out and the land can be planted well, why don't I give it to you?

Now that these lands are abandoned, if I let them out, it’s not a waste of land!” He didn’t want this kind of irresponsible madness.

The frantic enclosure continued, and he even wrote many times to report the situation, but none of them received attention. Yan Meichang

He even wrote a long doggerel, in which he wrote: "From Yubron GLG, one is more than one

A blank, occupying the land to grow grass, shouting slogans higher than the sky. "Yan Meichang's anger comes from his peasant roots

He regards the land as his lifeblood, but other villagers in Xiaogang Village are not as brave as him.

Facing the temptation of money and the pressure of reality, seeing his land being abandoned, he could only sigh at most.

Before leaving, Yan Meichang expressed the helplessness of Xiaogang Village: "Xiaogang Village is just an empty shell, and the land is

It is so deserted, agricultural production is not done well, and even the most famous contract memorial hall in the village is not the same as ours.

It's related, it was built by the Provincial Tourism Bureau, and all the income goes to the province. "

The trip to Xiaogang Village reminded me of Hans Christian Andersen's famous fairy tale "The Emperor's New Clothes". Xiaogang Village is that

Invisible clothes, and the emperor named it "reform and opening up", in order to affirm the private interests inspired by reform and opening up

With energy, everyone compiled a political myth about Xiaogang Village. Walking in Xiaogang Village, I feel

Arriving at the "Magic Sense" in Marquez's novel, it is obviously a countryside with fertile mud and fields, but it is dressed like

Commercial streets in the city, straight roads, well-arranged shops on both sides, restaurants, convenience stores, cash

Airports, small hotels, etc., everything that one expects to find, but in the gaps between these buildings, I can clearly see the milky white room

Abandoned field hidden behind the house. For a moment, I felt that Xiaogang Village was like a specially arranged movie theater

scene, but outside this scene, like most rural areas in China, a place that has been hollowed out, the labor force

Outflow, land transfer, the only special thing is that the symbolic resources of Xiaogang Village have also been cleaned up. as

The birthplace of rural reform, the name of Xiaogang Village has a slogan-like magic power, and because of this magic power, it is

used by people. According to the villagers, there is an organic food industrial park in Xiaogang Village in Fengyang County, but it is not in Xiaogang Village.

In the territory, there is no investment from the people of Xiaogang Village. From the beginning to the end, this industrial park has nothing to do with Xiaogang Village.

But it is the sign of Xiaogang Village. It is ironic that a political symbol has been dispelled as a commercial resource.

And the most ironic thing is Yan Meichang, the leader of the big contract back then, who became a rebel in the past.

In order to be the spokesperson of reform, he was packaged by politics and remembered by history. Today he once again appeared as a rebel

Now, he is nothing. Today, he is spurned by politics and forgotten by history. I look at Yan Meichang

There is that sentence: history always appears twice.

I often do this kind of question in junior high school: give you a table similar to the one below, and then you say that the reform and opening up have

As good as it gets.

In fact, this is playing hooligans! How can there be such a comparison? In the past, a book cost a few cents, but now a book costs tens of cents.

piece. They only look at the money figures, not the rising prices. (see appendix for price comparison)

Let me introduce two concepts: nominal wages and real wages. Nominal salary is that number,

Real wages are what you get for working

How much can the reward buy. Volunteer only

Raising capital is useless. you say your

The salary has doubled, but the stuff in the supermarket

Western prices have increased by five times, this wage increase

What is the meaning of capital? Just analgesics.

To see how much the actual salary is!

Here I am quoting directly from The Revolution:

GDP is the most frequent data that is officially advertised. What is the so-called GDP? Simply put, I pick up a stone,

You bought it for 100 million yuan, but you don't have 100 million yuan, it doesn't matter, I will buy it back for 100 million yuan. Come and go—

— We created 200 million GDP!

The wastefulness of capitalist society

Production is unmatched by other civilizations,

Plus this room that has been blown to the sky

Price, you tell me, a house born

What is the output to the people of the whole country?

Practical benefit? But the land price during the period,

Building materials, decoration, housing prices, etc. are sufficient

Bring hundreds of millions of GDP to the country.

So what do you look at if you don't look at GDP? comment

The development of a society depends on this

The improvement of social production capacity, not the ability to buy and sell. This indicator is the total value of industrial and agricultural production.

Furthermore, you see, our country has "become rich", who is making the most money here? The "first rich" themselves

Clothes come to stretch out one's hand, meals come to open one's mouth, enough to eat and drink, what about us?

In short, in this society, those who gain do not work, and those who work do not gain!

First, let's look at agriculture and see how good the chief designer's calculations are:

In fact, during the first seven years (1980 to 1986) of the fastest growth touted by the official media after the reform and opening up, grain

Food production increased by only 58.98 million tons, an average annual increase of 8.43 million tons. And the first seven years immediately following these seven years, that is, from the Cultural University

During the seven years from 1973, the late period of the revolution, to 1979, before the reform and opening up, the total grain output increased by 91.65 million.

tons, with an average annual increase of 13.09 million tons, 56% higher than the growth rate in the first seven years after the reform and opening up.

——Jin Cao's "The Fabrication That Reverses Black and White, The Sinister and Unpredictable Design——Review of Xu Jiatun's Memoirs of Hong Kong"

Moreover, since the reform and opening up, the growth of agriculture has many "advantages" compared with before the reform and opening up:

The first is the seed revolution. From the 1970s to the early 1980s, various crops including rice, wheat, cotton, oilseeds, etc.

All crops have undergone a seed revolution one after another, which plays a vital role in improving the yield and quality of agricultural products. especially yuan

The revolutionary increase in rice yield triggered by Longping hybrid rice technology. This technology was developed in October 1973 on "three-line hybrid rice".

In 1975, more than 5,600 mu were demonstrated at multiple points, and the yield per mu was more than 20% higher than that of conventional varieties; in 1976, the demonstration and promotion expanded rapidly

To 2.08 million mu, 240 million mu was promoted nationwide in 1990, accounting for 50% of the rice area, while the total output accounted for 61.6%. of hybrid rice

The seed revolution initiated by the United States played a major role in the dramatic increase in agricultural output in the early 1980s.

The second is the fertilizer revolution. Beginning in 1970, a large number of new fertilizer plants were successively built all over the country. January 13, 1972, and

Imported 8 sets of complete sets of chemical fertilizer equipment from abroad, and later put forward four or three plans to introduce complete sets of equipment and stand-alone machines worth 4.3 billion US dollars. 1973

In 1965, my country's fertilizer production more than doubled. After China and the United States issued the "Shanghai Communiqué", the West allowed some civilians to use

Products are exported to China. China quickly introduced 13 sets of large-scale fertilizer production plants, most of which were just right by 1979

It was completed and put into production, rapidly increasing the application amount of chemical fertilizer per mu. This has played an obvious effect of increasing production in fields that have been dominated by farmyard manure for a long time.

The third is that the construction of agricultural infrastructure before the reform has shown results. Compared with 1965 in 1976, tractors, walking tractors

The output of agricultural machinery increased by 5.7 times and 65 times, agricultural electricity consumption increased by 4.7 times, and the ownership of agricultural irrigation and drainage power machinery increased by 4.9 times.

The amount of fertilizer applied per mu increased by 2.1 times. Compared with 1965 in 1977, the irrigated area of farmland across the country increased by 41%.

The irrigated area and the total installed capacity of hydropower stations increased by 355.58% and 643% respectively;

An increase of 935.89%. The ability to resist natural disasters has been greatly improved. In 1976 and 1965, when the national disaster area was basically the same,

In comparison, the disaster area dropped from 53.9% to 26.9%. The great improvement of irrigation and drainage conditions of these farmlands will pave the way for rural areas in the future.

The self-management mode under the joint production contract responsibility system provides an important guarantee against the invasion of drought and flood disasters. Especially in the 80's

The country's investment in farmland water conservancy is relatively small and has been decreasing year by year. To a certain extent, the investment in the 1970s is showing benefits.

——Beida Mahui "The History of the Republic"

Combining the case of Xiaogang Village, we know that rural reforms are not effective, but the party with special characteristics still has to brag about it in various places

Go, sing praises in textbooks and documentaries, and build a few cars that show "coproduction contracting is good" to deceive others. actual

The above agricultural reform also brought many bad results, please see the next page.

The contract system not only destroys productivity, but also becomes a source of damage to resources and the environment. Collective production is destroyed, the governance of the environment

Reason is no longer possible. Moreover, driven by the concept of private ownership, farmers are also oriented to maximize immediate interests, and this immediate interest

In the end, long-term interests are damaged. For example, in Inner Mongolia, since 1981, the leaders of the autonomous region have forcibly changed and adjusted the living conditions of grassland and pastoral areas.

Production relations, simply and rudely copying the practice of "household joint production contract" promoted in farming areas, and implementing "double contracting of grassland and livestock"

The reform of livestock ownership, pasture use rights and distribution system marked by "Bao". Since then, the collective production has been carried out since ancient times.

Nomads were forced to change their production methods, the four-season nomadic system was abolished, and the ability to prevent and avoid disasters through nomadic transfers was lost at the same time.

lost, and the ability to prevent endemic diseases through nomadic balance of nutrients was also lost.

The economy has changed from nomadic pastoralism to sedentary pastoralism, and overgrazing and repeated trampling have occurred on the pastures with limited resources.

Phenomenon.

——Beida Mahui "The History of the Republic"

...A poem was born in Anhui to reflect the rural situation after the big contract and production contracted to the household: "The collective work is divided, and the people are dry."

Dead, the cadres are paralyzed, the cattle are dead, the farm tools are destroyed, the machinery is rusted, the public housing is drained, and the fields

Small things go down, science stops, public work stops, education goes down, and the rich and the poor go big. "For a while, various opinions

Discussions arose: "What on earth is Wanli (the first secretary of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee) going to do?" "What emancipating the mind, I think

It's chaos! "The policy of the Third Plenary Session is to restore capitalism!" ""Thirty years of hard work, retreat to liberation overnight

forward! "

——Shui Luzhou "Deng Xiaoping's Road to Old Age"

Now that the reform has been carried out, all villagers are assigned a ration field, and the rest of the land is contracted to farmers, and the land is divided into countless

Small plots, where mechanization becomes meaningless, give way to decentralized farming. Farmers have no choice but to abandon most of the advanced equipment

Get ready and pick up the rake again. The bank asked Zhangcun to repay the loan, and the village head told the bank: "Take the machine away." But the bank kept looking for him.

Not to the buyer. So until now, those fertilizer spreaders, soil crushers, sprayers, machine irrigation equipment, harvesters and dryers have been thrown in the

On the machine field, despite the sun and rain, silently telling a past era...

Of the 10,000 villages in Heilongjiang Province, only 181 retained collective ownership and management of agricultural machinery. 20% of

The villages contracted the machines to individuals, and the other 80% simply sold the machines at a sacrifice price to people with inside information, such as team cadres,

their relatives and friends etc. On average, the selling price is only one-third of the original price of the machine, or assuming that these machines have been depreciated

One-third, then these machines are sold at half price. No matter how it is calculated, it is a major loss of collective property. Those ones

The people who bought the machine were not willing to spend money on major repairs because they got it cheaply. Their machines, mainly tractors,

Plows and a few harvesters were used until they needed repairs and then thrown away.

After the reform, most of the machines could not perform their full functions as before. After the machine was sold, all kinds of equipment were destroyed

The supporting relationship between the equipment, the new owner can not complete any complete work with the machine, nor can the continuous operation of the farmland,

It's pretty much the same (everywhere I go).

——Li Minqi, "The Development of Capitalism and Class Struggle in China"

There are many more examples, so I won't introduce too many.

As for industrial achievements, how did they come about? Our answer is - from exploitation!

Shouting "infrastructure maniac" every day, how much has the wages of infrastructure workers increased? Did they work hard and become capitalists?

no?

If there is money to be made, the capitalists are of course willing to do it. Anyway, the money flows to the capitalists. Anyway, it is the workers who build all this.

The capitalists don't sweat a drop. Look at the current 996 work system, 007 work system, etc. Can the construction work under this cruel exploitation?

Be quick! But what do we workers pay for it? It's blood, it's tears, it's pain! And those capitalists are enjoying their profits!

The following is an old comrade’s words, let’s see for yourself:

The guiding ideology of reform and opening up is "non-Maoist", "theory of only productive forces" plus "no debate", which is what was later advocated

"Taking economic construction as the center", the fundamental idea of the theory of productive forces is not to take the happiness of the people as the criterion for governing the country, but to take economic data as the standard

Words are the standard, all in order to increase GDP, regardless of the consequences by hook or by crook, in order to increase GDP, precious and limited resources can be cheap

Selling to foreign capitalists, you can sell state-owned enterprises to individuals, you can ignore environmental pollution, you can reproduce pornography, gambling, and drugs, you can be corrupt, you can

By accepting bribes, people's lives can be priced at 200,000 yuan. When digging coal mines, people are only 200,000 yuan in equipment, and if one dies, they will be compensated.

Two hundred thousand, and then continue to dig.

——Comrade Jinghuo "Steady Fire Has Words (Preface to the Seventh Volume of Selected Works of Mao Zedong)"

Note: The theory of productivity only refers to one-sided emphasis on productivity and not on production relations (of course, there is no big obstacle if you don’t understand it now).

After the reform and opening up, it has been living on the legacy of the Mao Zedong era. In terms of economic value, after the reform and opening up, only coal,

The legacy of the four systems of oil, railways and highways provides about trillions of yuan in benefits every year.

The so-called economic development after the reform and opening up is a type of potential release. Some basic constructions have been carried out. Due to the influence of corruption, there are also

The scale, speed, quality, and efficiency of construction cannot be compared with that of Mao Zedong's era. According to the 2004 audit report

According to the report, more than half of the water conservancy projects such as the embankments of the Yangtze River that maintain the lives of hundreds of millions of people in the middle and lower reaches are made of "tofu dregs"

The state's investment has become "monk meat", fattening officials and contractors. For example, the Three Gorges Project, which cost 250 billion yuan,

It has exceeded the original budget several times, and the quality of the project still needs to be supervised by foreigners. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was built to Golmud more than 20 years ago.

It was only now that I remounted the horse. It has long been an open secret that the kickback trend that has swept the country originated in the engineering construction sector. high

It is said that the cost per kilometer of the expressway is only 70 million yuan, and the actual settlement is more than 100 million yuan. It was also revealed that after 1978

The waste of funds and economic losses caused by investment decision-making mistakes during the three five-year plans was about 400 billion yuan (compared with the previous two

Only 150 million in more than ten years). The wealth created by the people with their blood and sweat was pocketed by a few people and wasted in vain.

The main industrial products that have grown rapidly in the 22 years since the reform and opening up are as follows: steel 4.4 times, electricity 5.2 times,

Cement 8.7 times, soda ash 6.1 times, sulfuric acid 3.9 times, automobile 12.5 times, chemical fiber 25.4 times, but their average annual growth rate is still

However, it is much lower than the average annual growth rate before the reform and opening up. These products are all products belonging to the middle and lower reaches of the industry. Like steel, changing

Before the reform and opening up, my country already had the ability to build large-scale steel plants and greatly developed and improved the transportation necessary to increase steel production.

transportation, mining, coal, and electricity; in fact, my country's steel output mainly depends on the ten

Many iron and steel bases, even iron and steel enterprises like Baosteel, which played a pivotal role after the reform and opening up, are still in the process of reform and opening up

decided and started construction. Several other products are also similar to steel production. As for household appliances such as color TVs and air conditioners

Appliances, refrigerators, telephones, etc., which have been advertised as achievements of reform and opening up for many years, are downstream products of daily consumer goods.

Almost all of them were converted from military industrial enterprises at the expense of the development of the national defense industry. These midstream and downstream industrial products and household appliances

Compared with basic raw materials and transportation, the weight of commodities in the country's comprehensive economic strength is very different.

Thirty years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, my country's industrial transportation system with a large scale, complete categories and a certain advanced level was established under Chairman Mao

Under the guidance of the proletarian revolutionary line, under the leadership of a large number of advanced representatives of the working class such as Wang Jinxi and Meng Tai,

Tens of millions of working class have spent countless sweat, blood and even their lives, starting from poverty and bare hands, using hammers, iron

The pickaxe is knocked out one by one. After more than 20 years of reform and opening up, the first is "decentralization and invigoration, contract management", followed by

The ever-expanding losses and triangular debts not only failed to revitalize, but were changed one by one to a half-dead state, and some were even liquidated soon.

died; but they did not sum up the lesson of "the lice on the bald head are obvious", they closed their eyes and kept shouting "deepen reform

In order to cover up this situation

The failure of reform and opening up, in the name of "establishing a modern enterprise system" and "asset reorganization", went bankrupt, sold out and gave away.

At present, almost all enterprises below the county level and small and medium-sized enterprises have been privatized; some large and extra-large enterprises have also gone bankrupt, and some

The lucrative ones are also controlled by privileged interest groups, and they are also in the process of privatization. Recruitment of rulers in the country

As a result, foreign monopoly capital is entering on a large scale, and companies with a certain level of technology that can make money for foreign capital have been taken over by a

Another joint venture, economic colonization is being carried out on a large scale with the basic completion of privatization, and the whole of China is becoming a

The "Last Supper" of crisis-ridden international capitalism. The vast working class has been reduced from the protagonist of the socialist country to the

What awaits the hired labor of the new and old bourgeoisie at home and abroad is unemployment, bankruptcy, absolute impoverishment, and being dumped again.

The fate of struggling on the death line.

——Jin Cao's "The Fabrication That Reverses Black and White, The Sinister and Unpredictable Design——Review of Xu Jiatun's Memoirs of Hong Kong"

First of all, is positive performance more effective than chemical fertilizers and machines? If you think that only relying on enthusiasm can lead to a great development of production, then

Isn't it the logic of "how bold people are, how productive the land is"? Moreover, the above materials also tell us that this

The reform has not changed any enthusiasm. The rise of hot words such as "beating workers" and "laying flat" shows that the reform

Openness does not bring any so-called positivity!

From the master of the country to the slave of the capitalists, where can there be any enthusiasm? Wake up early and work late until late and still can't buy

Building a house, can this be positive?

In short,

On the issue of achievements, we will stop here. In the next lecture, let's briefly talk about the mistakes of reform and opening up.

place.

We have just seen how wrong reform and opening up actually went, so what exactly went wrong?

Then, next, I can formally introduce this concept. With this weapon, we

Then we can thoroughly see the face of reform and opening up. You must know that Marxism-Leninism-Maoism is a theory belonging to the proletariat and belongs to our broad masses.

The banner of the big workers is the great banner that guides the struggle.

What is Marxism-Leninism-Maoism? Marxism-Leninism-Maoism was developed by Marx and Engels, mainly Marx in the study of capitalist society

Created after the law of society, organized and defended by Engels and Stalin respectively, by Lenin and Mao Zedong according to the new social reality

further developed theoretical ideas.

—— "PAPER" magazine

Comrade Marx summed up the theoretical basis for the era of free capitalism from utopian socialism and various trends of thought at that time.

Comrade Lenin developed the theory of imperialism, and Comrade Mao Zedong created the guiding path for the revolutions of the third world countries.

New democracy and the theory of continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat.

You may be a little confused when I say this, it’s okay, it can be said that Marxism-Leninism-Maoism is to tell the people how this society is,

How to liberate oneself, and then how to build society. The universal truth of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism is still in effect today, such as the economic crisis and so on.

The success of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism has forced some traitors to pretend to be Marxism-Leninism-Maoists (such people are called revisionists). At

It was Deng Xiaoping who came out. On the surface, he was a member of the Communist Party. In fact, he distorted and distorted Marxism and completely betrayed the working class.

We can see this from the facts discussed earlier.

His "socialism with Chinese characteristics" is actually exploiting the people, oppressing the people, and capitalism!

Let's briefly analyze the policies and viewpoints since the reform and opening up, and spread a little bit of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism by the way.

Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "A little more planning or a little more market is not the essential difference between socialism and capitalism. Planning

Economics is not equal to socialism, capitalism also has planning; market economy is not equal to capitalism, socialism also has markets. count

Both planning and markets are economic instruments. "

These views need to be discussed carefully. The following content comes from Channel 1’s “Communist Q&A”:

Judging from the existing practical results in Yugoslavia, in market socialism, due to the lack of planning in the economy, each enterprise only

Can produce based on profit rather than social needs, and then be forced to compete under the guidance of profit. This competition not only

It makes various enterprises have to squeeze laborers to increase profit margins (yes, squeeze laborers!), and it also destroys the labor force of the whole society.

Unity of the human class. The most important thing is that due to the existence of competition, there must be profit gaps among enterprises, which will generate capital losses.

A typical phenomenon of wealth concentration under capitalist production relations. This phenomenon means that the total purchasing power of the society is smaller than the total productivity of the society, which means

It means that market socialism will not be able to avoid the core crisis of capitalism - overproduction.

Where is the market economy just an "economic means" as Deng Xiaoping called it? Behind it, is a set of relationships, capitalism

production relationship!

Does this party, which still claims to adhere to Marxism-Leninism, still listen to the words of its mentors? Let us listen to what Comrade Lenin said:

"We can all see phenomena that are common to the economic organization of societies regulated by the market: we can see

Once equal direct producers are divided into rich and poor, we can see the production of capital, especially commercial capital, which is like a spider

Like a net, it binds and sucks the fat of the working people. "

— "The Complete Works of Lenin", "What Are the "Friends of the People" and How Do They Attack the Social-Democrats?" "

"As long as there is a market economy, as long as money power and capital power remain, no law in the world can

End inequality and exploitation. Only by implementing a huge socialized planned economy, at the same time, all the land, factories, and tools

Only when all rights are transferred to the working class can all exploitation be eliminated. "

- "The Complete Works of Lenin", "The Agrarian Question and the Struggle for Freedom"

It doesn't make sense in theory, and it doesn't make sense in practice. It is time for the "socialist market economy" as a farce to end.

Some people want to ask, doesn't our country's "socialist market economic system" have "scientific macro-control"?

Then, please tell me, what kind of science is "scientific macro-control" based on? I am afraid neither Marxist politics

Political economics, nor Lenin's discourse on the planned economy, or Stalin's theory. That doesn't apply to the science of Marxism-Leninism

Where is the science? "Science" in Western capitalist countries? That is no different from Western capitalism. or create your own

A "science"? What is this science called? What is the basis for creating this science? You can't just make something up

What theory to laugh at people. The fact is, what we use is the economic theory of Western capitalist countries.

By the way, popularize what a planned economy is: in a planned economy, all (or most) of the means of production are owned by the society,

All (or most) of social products are produced directly for social needs, not for private appropriation or for exchange value

And production. Due to social ownership and production for direct social needs, in a planned economy it is possible for producers to

Actively cooperate with each other, and use all existing technologies to coordinate their mutual economic planning through different levels of economic planning.

economic activities.

I believe many people have heard this sentence, so let's analyze it.

First, what are you trying to develop? This is a very important question. capital

Socialism also talks about "development", and socialism also talks about "development". As a "society

A socialist" country, a country ruled by the "Communist Party", should be socialist

meaning of "development".

Since it is the "development" of socialism, the question arises, is this developing productive forces or production relations? I simply introduce

Introduce these two concepts. It should be able to understand "just as the name implies",

. and .

(The two of them can interact.) The development and transformation of production relations are determined by productivity, and at the same time it

for productivity. The old and decaying production relations hinder and destroy the development of productive forces, and the new production relations can liberate laborers

and the means of production are the decisive forces driving the development of productive forces. The metabolism of production relations is a universal law of social development.

The law of the contradictory movement of production relations and productive forces is a universal law shared by all social forms. This rule makes the

The various stages of social development are organically linked, which determines the objective inevitability of society's development from low to high, and dominates the entire human being.

The forward movement of class social history.

——"Little Dictionary of Philosophy"

These are the laws of Marxism, and history has proved these laws (such as the bourgeois revolutions in Europe and the United States, etc.). That

So has our characteristic party of "seeking truth from facts" followed these laws well? No, as we mentioned before, featured party films

The emphasis is on productivity rather than production relations. I don’t know how long I haven’t heard the term production relations. On the contrary, their life

Industrial relations are actually regressing (increasingly capitalist).

Mao Zedong has long criticized that this kind of productivity-only theory is "only divide food, cotton and oil, and do not distinguish between friends and enemies." "Only productivity theory" is

A tool used by the bureaucracy to protect the capitalist relations of production and to conceal the fact of the restoration of capitalism.

(Contradictions are universal,) Contradictions are everywhere and all the time. Comrade Mao Zedong said: "The universality or absoluteness of contradictions

The question of sex has two meanings. One is to say that contradiction exists in the development process of all things; the other is to say that every

In the process of the development of things, there is a movement of contradictions from beginning to end. "

...

The particularity of contradiction refers to the respective characteristics of the contradictions of different things. Everything in the world is different, each has its own special

The essence of the... Recognizing and analyzing the particularity of the contradictions of things is the basis for our scientific understanding of things.

——Ai Siqi, editor-in-chief of "Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism"

For this part of philosophical knowledge, let's talk about the subtitle first without going into detail.

What is the essence of "people's growing needs for a better life"? social needs. "Unbalanced and inadequate development"

What is it? In fact, it is about social production. According to Marxism, the contradiction between social needs and social production is

It runs through human society, from ancient times to the present. This contradiction is the initial contradiction of this society, not the basic contradiction, let alone the

main contradiction. Because the initial contradiction of society is not connected with the internal structure of society, its solution will not lead to the realization of social structure.

qualitative change.

The principal contradiction is closely related to the basic contradiction of society. Okay, okay, I will treat you as a socialist society, then

So what is the basic contradiction of socialist society? The contradiction between productive forces and production relations, the economic base and the

Contradictions between layers of buildings, this contradiction is expressed through the relationship between people, and it also shows the relationship between various social classes.

contradiction. Among these intricate contradictions, there must be one that is the principal contradiction. Anyway, it's not your turn

This "contradiction between the people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development".

Furthermore, what is "balanced" and "full" development? First of all, the resources of each region are different

Yes, water is lacking here, iron is lacking there, there are no trees here, and sand is all there. In addition, the population of each region is

It's different, especially today, people from the north move to the south, and people from the west move to the east. You said under this condition, how do we define

What about "balanced" and "sufficient" development? When will development be "balanced" and "sufficient"? balance and sufficient

To come is relative, and it has always been in a contradictory movement with imbalance and insufficiency. The pursuit of the so-called absolute balance,

Adequately, is ridiculous. Besides, you are still a "socialist with characteristics" country, and you want to "get rich first and then get rich later",

How can there be balanced and sufficient development? If you don't create a big consortium, you will be Amitabha!

This should be the biggest political lie of the last century.

"In terms of economic policy, I think it is necessary to allow some regions, some enterprises, and some workers and peasants to

The higher the performance and the higher the income, the better life will be. If some people's lives get better first, it will inevitably produce a great demonstration force.

Influence the neighbors and drive people in other regions and units to learn from them. In this way, the entire national economy will continue to

The wave-like development of the land has made people of all nationalities in the country richer relatively quickly. "

——"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping"

You see, the workers are rich or not. I just want to emphasize that capitalists are not philanthropists.

(Regarding Deng Xiaoping's words above,) This means that to make some people rich first, capitalism must be practiced. but

Once capitalism is practiced, only a small number of people can get rich forever, and it is impossible to have common prosperity, because those people have to make a fortune.

Wealth depends on exploiting others. Wealth is limited after all, and the conditions for some people to get rich first are not universal, so they can be rich

Only some people can get up. In fact, none of the nouveau riche got rich through their own hard work.

Righteous wealth, at least legal exploitation to get rich. Because all they give out is ill-gotten wealth, people will change their minds when they are rich, and they will want to be rich when they are rich.

To become richer and maintain the momentum of being rich forever, how can you spread your strength to help the poor get rich together? Great flood in 1998

For water, people across the country donated 2 billion yuan, of which only a few rich people donated. At that time, the rich had 4 trillion yuan in deposits,

As long as they take out 1% of their deposits, it will be 40 billion yuan, which is 20 times the donations of the people of the whole country. Asking rich people to donate money is better than cutting their flesh

Still distressed, how can they help the poor get rich? Therefore, Mr. Deng's design of getting rich first and getting rich later is just a wall of flowers in the mirror of the moon in the water.

It's just an illusion of painting cakes, which is not useful.

——Mao Jidong "Deng Xiaoping's Contradictory Statements "Hundred Flowers Grand View Garden""

We have never heard of any country whose national conditions are so special that it must follow the road of capitalism instead of the road of socialism.

of the road. We can adjust policies according to actual needs, which is in line with Marxism, but it is not

Revisionist excuse! Furthermore, isn't our system before the reform and opening up in line with the national conditions? Is the current system

Completely in line with national conditions?

It turns out that their "conformity with national conditions" means conforming to the requirements of capitalist development!

(After the founding of New China,) the working class marched forward bravely with a high degree of ownership. Regardless of the completeness of the War of Liberation

Victory, smashing the blockade and bombing of US imperialism, resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, suppressing counter-revolutionaries; supporting land reform and promoting agricultural cooperation

in the socialist transformation of capitalist industry, commerce and handicrafts; in the

In the struggle to complete the various five-year plans for socialist construction and realize the modernization of the country's industry, agriculture, science and technology, and national defense, the workers

Classes have played the role of the main force. Under the leadership of the Party at all levels and the organization of the trade unions, the broad masses of workers carry out labor competition.

Competition, Advanced Producer, Advanced Team Movement, Technological Innovation, Technological Revolution Movement, provoked the mainstay and made decisive contributions,

A large number of labor models and advanced figures have emerged. Even in the event of serious natural disasters, or the party and the state carry out important guidance

A period of great exploration and experimentation, different understandings, and major practical difficulties, such as the "General Line, Great Leap Forward, and People's Commune"

period, and even the period of the "Cultural Revolution", on the one hand, the working class responded to the party's call and actively participated in these new revolutions and constructions.

At the same time, we are still working hard as always, overcoming difficulties, and playing a major role in stabilizing the situation and turning things around.

use. History has proved that the working class is a well-deserved leading class in socialist China.

——"Records of the Evolution of the Social Status of the Chinese Working Class"

Let's take a look at China's economic development before the reform and opening up. Before the reform and opening up, we experienced some setbacks, but

There is development, even faster than the reform and opening up, and it is not "rigid" or "out of line with the national conditions" at all:

red - heavy industry

Yellow - Industrial

blue - light industry

Green - Agriculture

Calculated by the total output value of industry and agriculture, the average annual growth rate from 1966 to 1978 was 8.5%, which greatly exceeded that of the reform and opening up.

After a growth rate of 6.7% from 1979 to 1981. There are many economic indicators such as coal, oil, steel, power generation, machine tools

The output growth rate is even higher than that after the reform. The average annual growth rate of national fiscal revenue is 6.9%, far exceeding that from 1979 to 1981

The average annual growth rate is negative 1.7%. If the economy was "on the verge of collapse" during the "Cultural Revolution", then after the reform

Wasn't the economy even more "on the verge of collapse" from 1979 to 1981!

——Jiang Weigang, "An Objective View of my country's Economic Development During the Cultural Revolution"

However, Deng Xiaoping and his successors have been trying to discredit this period of history, saying it was "stopping slowly", with ulterior motives!

We have already seen the consequences of the reform and opening up in the first two lectures, and I will add it next, and look at Deng Xiaoping

How "in line with national conditions" is China's reform and opening up:

You only see what they want you to see, there's a lot you don't (but I'm sure you've heard too

News): Privatization is advancing, and the gap between rich and poor is widening;

The scale of investment has been expanded from 6.5 billion US dollars to 80 billion US dollars, which almost wiped out the Chinese people's previous decades

family property; the bureaucrats are corrupt, and the people are opposed to the downfall of the bureaucrats; the so-called "mixed reform of state-owned enterprises" has caused a large number of workers to be laid off

Unemployment, a "laid-off wave" across the country, countless people commit suicide and prostitution; laid-offs lead to social unrest, crimes

In 1983, "strike hard" began, and many people were shot; a large number of military projects were dismantled, which directly led to the

The national defense strength and scientific and technological strength of other big countries have widened the gap; Deng Xiaoping allowed the army to do business, and the army has all kinds of chaos;

The cult "Falungong" prevailed; students opposed Deng Xiaoping and launched a student movement, which led to the Tiananmen incident in 1989

piece...

——Qingdao No. 1 Middle School Jockey Club "Liaoyuan"

This conclusion, which is afraid to laugh to death, comes from a junior high school classmate of mine, and some people also advocate this.

If a post normally requires 5 laborers, the capitalist will only recruit 3 people to work overtime, leaving the remaining two

Unemployment, thereby maximizing the extraction of wealth.

…what really creates jobs is market demand.

Just like people have the need to wear clothes, so there must be jobs for textiles, tailors, and designers. north

People want to eat the fruits of Hainan in winter, so there are jobs for picking, transporting and preserving. Employment is with

Human society exists naturally. As long as the demand is still there, the means of production are owned by the state and the collective, and employment will exist.

And more. But capitalists never create jobs, they just go out of their way to create unemployment.

Creating unemployment is not just the overtime and layoffs mentioned above, capitalists are still constantly eliminating demand. The reason is very simple,

They use various means to concentrate wealth in their own hands, so that the vast number of working people lose purchasing power, and the purchasing power is reduced.

Naturally, demand will drop. You may have a desire to eat steak in your heart, but the plunder of the capitalists makes you only eat good food

Noodle porridge. At the same time, it allows young people to work overtime day and night, eliminating their leisure and entertainment time, so that young people have no

Time to go shopping, dating, watching movies, going to the amusement park. With neither money nor time, the demand is definitely gone, and employment is free.

Then it gets cold. Capitalism represents modern and backward production relations, but it monopolizes wealth just like the tsar

and power continues to this day. It can even, like a mold virus, corrode new, advanced systems of thought to prevent them from being replaced.

As long as it exists, social turmoil and riots will not stop, and tragedies will continue to repeat themselves.

——"Spark Handbook"

"Marx said that science and technology are productive forces. Facts have proved that this is true. In my opinion, science and technology

It is the primary productive force. "

"Marx said that science and technology are productive forces, which is very correct. Now it seems that this may not be enough,

I am afraid it is the first productive force. "

"I said that science and technology are primary productive forces."

——"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping"

Does it seem that the words "developed Marxism" can stand the test of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism?

"In all productive facilities the most powerful productive force is the revolutionary class itself. The revolutionary elements organize themselves into

A class means that all the productive forces that the old society can breed have already existed. "

——Marx, "The Poverty of Philosophy"

Of course, I have to explain, lest someone say I am dogmatic. According to Marxism, the

Productive power is composed of laborers, tools and means of labor. Science and technology are the crystallization of human labor experience.

After all, it belongs to the category of tools, which are discovered, invented, created and mastered by laborers. Therefore, regardless of the scientific and technological

How great it is, it can never be the first among many factors of productivity.

In this regard, I would like to say: "The revolutionary class is the primary productive force, and the revolutionary class also represents the development of advanced productive forces.

exhibition requirements. "Deng Xiaoping wanted to pretend to be a Marxist, but in fact "he didn't understand Marxism-Leninism" (Comrade Mao Zedong told him

evaluation of).

The fight against poverty seems to be doing good things for the common people, is it true?

Facts have proved that Xi Jinping's government improves people's livelihood to stabilize its own base - the petty bourgeoisie and the working aristocracy

The plan has collapsed. In the "war against poverty" vigorously advocated by the Xi Jinping government, governments at all levels have launched a large-scale campaign in rural areas.

However, it is the monopoly capitalist enterprises directly controlled by the imperialist authorities that benefit from the construction of communication infrastructure.

In itself, the benefits are minimal. The collective enterprises established by farmers spontaneously can hardly resist the monopoly backed by the violent state machine

The impact of capitalist enterprises has gone bankrupt or been merged. The "separation of three rights" of agricultural land is monopoly capital

Long-term legal occupation of agricultural land by socialist big business has paved the way legally, and more and more farmers have effectively lost

land. Most of the subsidies to poor households are blocked by governments at all levels, and poor households are still poor

Under the guise of "alleviating poverty through technology", farmers have been controlled by monopoly enterprises voluntarily or involuntarily, and have been involved in monopoly capitalism.

in a defined production system. In this environment, more and more peasants have become displaced persons who do not have legal rights in the cities.

He lost his only property in the countryside - the land. A phrase we've used to laugh at ourselves for years is "No

I'll go home and farm" became an empty phrase.

—— "PAPER" magazine

Its essence is mainly to promote the capitalization of agriculture in the name of poverty alleviation, through capitalist farms and households

Handicraft industry to establish modern agriculture, and at the same time find a new place for capital investment, so as to defuse the crisis while providing

The foreshadowing of a wider crisis to come.

——Beida Mahui "The History of the Republic"

The anti-crime and evil campaigns are the same as the above-mentioned poverty alleviation and clean-up operations, which are to maintain or even expand bureaucratic capitalism.

actions in the interests of the bourgeoisie.

If bureaucratic monopoly capital wants to rule society more effectively, and then compete for global hegemony, it needs strong capital strength. but

As individuals, the bureaucratic capitalist class hopes that more capital will enter their pockets, which will damage the overall bureaucratic monopoly capital.

It also undermines the legitimacy of bureaucratic rule. At the same time, factional disputes within the bureaucratic capitalist class have also damaged the status of bureaucratic capital.

cohesion. Therefore, anti-corruption has become a necessary measure. On the one hand, it will unite the bureaucratic monopoly capitalist class and strengthen the power of bureaucratic monopoly capital.

On the other hand, it can also establish a good image in front of the people.

After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012, China began to vigorously fight against corruption. In two years, more than 180,000 party members and cadres were punished.

56 "tigers" including Xu Caihou, Zhou Yongkang and Ling Jihua were killed. But anti-corruption will not make the proletariat half

In fact, anti-corruption has only strengthened the power of bureaucratic monopoly capital. At the same time, since anti-corruption is confined within the bureaucracy,

Therefore, anti-corruption has become the best means of factional struggle. Compared with the anti-corruption period of the "Three Antis and Five Antis" period, the anti-corruption of the two periods is different

The nature of class is clear at a glance. Through anti-corruption, various factions in the bureaucratic system have been overthrown, and the bureaucratic capitalist class has achieved unprecedented unity

and centralization.

——Beida Mahui "The History of the Republic"

The material above talks about anti-corruption, but in fact it can also be included in the eradication of crime and evil, the same reason. real anti-crime

Elimination of evil must be carried out by the revolutionary masses, and the destruction of the soil of eradicating evil and evil can only be achieved through the revolutionary masses.

There are also "three represents" and "a community with a shared future for mankind", which are not worth mentioning. definitely will

Some people create a thousand, ten thousand reasons to refute me, it’s okay, these things will be thrown into the trash by history.

Presumably, you have realized the mistakes of reform and opening up and their reasons. Reform and opening up is capitalism

It is impossible for the reform and opening up to bring benefits to the working people.

So, what kind of society should we want? What should we do for this society? I believe you read this

This book will have the answer. However, at the end of this unit, allow me to offer a joke for a moment of relief:

In 2006, the leaders of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions pointed out in a speech titled "Persisting in Promoting Trade Union Work Innovation with Theoretical Innovation":

"It is necessary to correctly understand the nature of the socialist labor relations in our country, and understand the fundamental difference from the capitalist labor relations in theory.

Don't. ...the new type of socialist labor relations with Chinese characteristics is different from both capitalist labor relations and traditional planned economy

In the labor relations of the period, the two sides of the labor relations are a contradictory unity of opposites. Generally speaking, it is the relationship between laborers and builders.

Contradictions are contradictions among the people, which have a high degree of consistency in fundamental interests and relative differences in specific interests. This contradiction and difference

Differences are not fundamentally confrontational at this stage in our country, and can be resolved on the basis of consultation and coordination, so as to maintain labor relations

harmony and stability. "

The article asserts that "the two sides of the new type of socialist labor relations with Chinese characteristics... are a contradictory unity of opposites.

It is a contradiction between laborers and builders". The question is how did laborers and builders become "two sides"? And it is a "contradictory

The unity of opposites of the shield”? Who are the “laborers”? Who are the “builders”?

The "constructors" are distinguished and opposed, and they are said to be a pair of contradictions in the labor relationship, and they are the two sides of the contradiction.

It doesn't make sense logically.

Laborers are not builders, and laborers do not build; builders are not laborers, and builders do not work. How can this be? ask

The crux of the problem is: who is this "builder" who does not work and contradicts the working people?

Laborers are builders, builders are laborers, these are the people. It can be seen that the wearing

The "builders" who are labeled as "builders" are opposed to the laborers, and the "builders" who do not actually work do not actually build.

Calling it a "builder" is bogus.

The so-called "builders of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics" is a vague concept of class nature, which includes both workers,

The proletariat also includes the exploiters and the bourgeoisie. What the leaders of the ACFTU said in their speeches contradicted the laborers, and the two sides were in opposition

The false "builders" who actually neither labor nor build are the bourgeoisie!

In socialist China, it is nothing more than to invent a "socialist builder" out of the socialist laborers.

It is because in fact a new bourgeoisie has emerged in China, which is contrary to the principles of socialism, and it is especially true for the Chinese working class and laborers.

In order to cover up the essence of the facts and beautify the bourgeoisie, some people hide their class,

Not to mention the re-emergence of a new bourgeoisie and exploiting class, the re-emergence of class divisions and contradictions, the re-emergence of the proletariat

has regained its exploited position. This is totally against Marxism.

...Since the policies of the party and the state encourage the development of the private economy, the bourgeoisie has re-emerged in Chinese society, and the bourgeoisie

The contradiction between the class and the proletariat is inevitable. The nature of this contradiction is irreconcilable and confrontational, and it is impossible to cover up.

What's more, apart from the native-born Chinese capitalists, there are also Hong Kong and Taiwan capitalists, and foreign capitalists come in. Can they also be called

"Builder"? Why is it necessary to come up with a "builder" who does not make sense to cover up for the bourgeoisie? clearly with

Marxism-Leninism-Maoism as a guideline, conduct class analysis, clarify the existence of the bourgeoisie, the existence of contradictions between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat,

Only by formulating correct policies can we handle this pair of contradictions.

——Excerpt from "Records of the Evolution of the Social Status of the Chinese Working Class", here is the general idea

In this society, the means of production (things needed to produce materials, such as tools and raw materials) are owned by a few capitalists.

have. Under this system, goods are produced for the sole purpose of profit.

Simply put, capitalists open factories and workers work.

Table tennis is not made because someone "want", but because someone "want to buy", that is, because someone can play table tennis

Selling money, so this has caused serious waste (wasteful production).

New technology is only adopted when it can make more money, for example, if you invent a food that can save all human beings from eating

Things, but because it will make the capitalists who sell food lose money, such a great invention will not be adopted in the end.

The development of capitalism to an advanced stage is imperialism (see the sixth lecture).

There are many disadvantages of capitalism. If you cut down all the Daxing’an Mountains and turn them into paper, it’s not enough for me to write! here i just say

A few (but long enough).

Suppose you work 10 hours a day, and the boss pays you 100 yuan. In fact, you may not need 7 hours

If you have created a wealth of 100 yuan, wouldn't the remaining 3 hours you have left be equivalent to working for the boss for nothing?

Every worker will have some time (the form of calculation of wages does not affect this) is doing nothing, only this

Such a boss will not do business at a loss. This is what we often call exploitation.

The boss can also engage in your salary from other aspects, and they are not the only one, so they don't have to worry about it.

No worries about food and clothing.

You worked so hard to earn 20,000 to 30,000 yuan, better than 15,000 to 15,000 yuan, and they just lay in the office without knowing it for a month

You can earn hundreds of thousands or even billions. Is it because you don’t work hard and have no ability?

No! It is these capitalists who get something for nothing!

Our green mountains, green waters, and our fresh air are ruined by these irresponsible people who get something for nothing

of! ! !

They only care about money, and they don't care about environmental protection (Japan's dumping of nuclear waste water into the sea is a vivid example).

If it wasn't because of the people's complaints, the higher-ups were forced to send some documents down, the mountains don't know how bald they are, and the rivers

The water does not know how dark it is, and the number of people infected with respiratory diseases is not known.

Let me tell you another joke. None of Shantou’s environmental rectification projects were completed on time, and then the so-called

The "supervision team" asked them to live with the common people next to the smelly water ditch. The leadership team of Shantou City actually

agrees."

learn to wield a weapon,

Recognize revisionism,

Resolutely fight to the end!

The notorious economic crisis is also something created by the bourgeoisie. Let's continue with the logic of exploitation just now,

For more money, capitalists expand production and exploit more workers.

As we said, .

Is it the worker or the capitalist who buys the most, that is, consumes the most? Obviously the vast majority

Worker. But the wages of the workers are exploited, that is, they are cut off. In other words, these workers all

The sum of their wages does not equal the sum of the prices of all the commodities they produce. You said that these workers can buy the society

Are all the products listed? The number of capitalists is small compared with the number of workers, and they have to save money to expand production.

Will not buy a lot.

As time goes by, more and more goods cannot be sold, and the factory has no funds to produce new ones.

Workers couldn't get wages, and conflicts such as unemployment broke out all at once. This is the economic crisis. Some capitalists thought

If you lose money and use loans to stimulate consumption, you will die even worse.

What about unemployed workers? Suicide, starvation, theft, robbery, prostitution... too tragic to talk about.

So far, no capitalism has broken through this vicious circle, and it is impossible to break through. any so-called

"Reforms" have not changed this essence, they can only allow capitalism to survive for a while.

Do your workers dare to ask for wages? "Disturbing the law and order" and "disrupting the order", arrest!

Do your workers dare to sue? turn down! Charge against charges!

Do you workers dare to say bad things online? block! grab it! What does killing you have to do with me? !

As we mentioned before, anyway, the "Labor Law" is just for show, a piece of waste paper. You don't have money to shut me down

What's the matter? !

The privatization of education has turned students into tools of market competition. Have you heard of the middle schools in Hengshui? before people still

I feel that these students are very hardworking and worthy of learning. Now the middle school in Hengshui has a bad reputation. capitalists for education

In this market, through brainwashing and heteronomy, students are crazily controlled, so that their scores are high so that they can compete with other students.

Schools engage in vicious competition to make their schools famous, and then more parents send money over. These schools are also

Mocked as "prison".

There is a prison more like a prison called "Yuzhang Academy", and you must have heard of it. Is this not privatization?

What about the product of education?

The privatization of healthcare is even worse. Have you heard of the Putian black hospital? What about the Wei Zexi incident? greedy

The capitalists have reached the point of disregarding human life for money! ! !

Market Sales S Capitalist

Raw materials, electricity, etc.

Worker

If a capitalist wants not to lose money, he must have

However, the vast majority of the city depends on the contributions of the workers.

The proletariat overthrew the rule of the minority bourgeoisie, and the means of production were owned by the majority proletariat and distributed according to work.

In this society, the purpose of production is to meet needs rather than profit,

Drugs for rare diseases are produced not because they make money, but because they are needed!

The adoption of new technologies is to reduce human work pressure and effectively automate.

Therefore, technology will be utilized to the greatest extent and waste will be reduced.

Since production is not for profit, the employment population has increased substantially, um,

Under the propaganda of capitalists, everyone has a job, which has become a bad thing. proletariat

Levels share all production results, so the remuneration is unprecedentedly increased and the working hours are greatly reduced

few. In a socialist society, the job of the government is to coordinate production and meet social

Will need. Members are elected and directly accountable to the masses. Simultaneous defense

Stop the resurgence of the bourgeoisie.

The highest goal of socialist transition is a country free from state apparatus and

A borderless and classless

class society. Technology liberates human beings from the most arduous and repetitive production, and goes into

Carry out other careers of self-improvement and development. In a communist society, work is free

It is up to the laborer to decide the working method. Work is a universal need for human development

beg. Laborers can obtain socialized large-scale production completely, freely and in a timely manner

Outcomes, wages are meaningless. Money eventually disappears. in this society

A central government isolated from the people is no longer necessary, and production is

jointly controlled by the organization.

The division of classes is determined by the different positions and relationships formed by people in a specific socio-economic structure.

Certainly.

: A class that owns the means of production and slaves in a slave society and brutally exploits slaves and free people.

: There is no property in the slave society, no remuneration for labor (directly under the slave owner), and no free class.

: The class that holds land ownership in autocratic and feudal society and exploits peasants mainly in the form of land rent.

: Under the autocratic and feudal society, they possessed or partially possessed the means of production, and made a living by engaging in agricultural labor. With the company

It will be divided into poor peasants, middle peasants, and rich peasants, and the rich peasants are often classified as the landlord class. in a capitalist society

China and the working class belong to the proletariat.

: Developing countries in capitalist society rely on foreign countries and their own backward forces and directly serve them

The class of service (different levels in the class), belongs to the big bourgeoisie. adapting to foreign economic aggression

The need for carve-up and serving foreigners is the result of foreign aggression forces colluding with their own government officials and capital

The bourgeoisie, the rich peasants and other backward forces oppress the people of their own countries.

: In developing countries under capitalist society, their own economic development does not have much connection with foreign countries,

Compared with the state-owned economy or the comprador bourgeoisie, the capital is weaker, and most of them belong to the middle or middle class.

The petty bourgeoisie and a small part belong to the big bourgeoisie. Mainly by landowners, merchants, officials,

Transformed from the owner of the manual workshop.

: Under imperialism, the social strata that control monopoly capital and manipulate the social economy belong to the big bourgeoisie.

Obtain monopoly profits by relying on monopoly capital, production, and markets, organize monopoly organizations, and merge other weak

Small bourgeois strata. Actively participate in the competition for international markets and raw material production areas, foreign direct investment

capital.

: Possess a small part of the means of production or a small amount of property, often neither exploited nor exploited by others, mainly

Live by self-labour. A small percentage are slightly exploitative.

: divided into working class and peasant class. In a capitalist society, it means that there are no productive resources and rely on the sale of labor power

A class of wage earners who make a living. In a socialist society, we have got rid of the position of being exploited and oppressed and become

The leading class in control of state power exercises the dictatorship of the proletariat over the bourgeoisie.

: Does not actually exist.

Why can't it be achieved? Emphasize that!

Why do you think that communism cannot be realized? "Human Selfishness"?

Many people think: "People are selfish, so it is difficult to achieve the character and fairness required by socialism."

just. "Of course, it is necessary to strengthen the ideological construction of leaders and reduce their level of material comfort-this will prevent

It is an issue of official status (being an official and holding power first), but it does not mean that leaders cannot allocate more according to objective needs

Necessary material conditions (for example, the leader prescribes small treatments to supplement the body).

However, this "human nature selfish theory" is still untenable. To make this point, we need the Marxist

philosophy.

Capitalism likes the theory of human selfishness very much. After all, in capitalist society, human nature is selfish——capital

Doctrine uses this to show that it is the most suitable system for mankind, and it is also the last system for mankind. This view puts basic survival

Demand is also regarded as "selfishness", and the capitalist system is regarded as arising from this "selfishness" of human nature.

In this way, wolves will kill each other when they are desperate, and they are more selfish than humans. Is it more suitable for capitalists?

righteous? No, because wolves can't invent things, and their intelligence is not enough. Doesn't this just prove ?

not to mention,

If man's thoughts were all based on nature, he would be no different from ordinary animals. life is very

Many people will give up their lives to save others under special circumstances. This behavior is completely selfless and completely clear.

Knowing that it is detrimental to self-interest, you still do it. After they die, any memorial and praise are meaningless to them, because people

Dead, mourning is of little benefit to them, at most to the family. If the human instinct is to survive, then

At this time, human sociality or human "education" overcomes instinct.

At this time, some people will criticize: "But people still have unlimited desires to satisfy! Only capitalism rejects the government's

Intervention, fulfilling this freedom! "

"What a freedom! The proletarians have nothing to do but accept the conditions imposed on them by the bourgeoisie or starve to death, freeze to death, be naked

Go naked to the beasts of the forest to find a hiding place, and there is no longer any choice. "

- Engels, "The Condition of the Working Class in England"

The bourgeoisie never emphasizes their own selfishness, nor does it mention controlling or restraining themselves, but blames the proletariat too much

desire. Now that we know that human nature is selfish, why do we continue to fuel and intensify conflicts? Why Not Curb Financial Oligarch Cannibalization

The selfishness of the people's wealth? Since selfishness has created such a gap between rich and poor and trapped the proletariat in so many shackles

In the lock, why do you still advocate private ownership?

People who preach eternal selfishness always say when they are refuted: let's face it. This assertion is merely the logic of the

Pushed down, and resignedly uttered a final lament. This "reality" refers to the reality of the current capitalist society,

It is not the eternal reality of the entire human society. All pre-capitalist societies were the same, except that they

What they advocate is not "human selfishness", but "divine right of kings".

The person who raised this question may also say: "The people's commune's big pot of rice is all about egalitarianism.

ah! "In fact, socialism is distribution according to work, the more you work, the more you get; communism is distribution according to your needs, the more you need, the more you get!

There is no such thing as egalitarianism! (The big pot of rice is not the pot of socialism, see the eighth lecture)

Let's talk about it in detail. plan by

The economy is generally controlled by the proletariat. The people's government proposes a national economy according to the plan formulated in advance and the production conditions of the laborers.

The overall goal of economic and social development, formulate reasonable policies and measures, arrange major economic activities in a planned way, and lead to

guide and adjust the direction of economic operation. The allocation of resources in the planned economy, including what to produce and how much to produce, is planned by the government

planning decisions, highly concentrated. Therefore, the planned economy will inevitably have a tendency to become rigid, but it is much better than the market economy.

In the construction and development of socialism and communism, we must pay attention to

But a planned economy is not everything: when developing a planned economy, we must beware of revisionist restoration, otherwise the plan will

A planned economy would become a more advanced tool for oppressing the masses (Khrushchev and later the USSR). even the epoch-making

Physicist Albert Einstein saw the problem:

"A planned economy is not yet socialism. A planned economy may itself be accompanied by the complete enslavement of individuals.

The construction of socialism needs to solve some extremely difficult socio-political problems: Given the political power and economic

Given the high concentration of economic power, how can it be possible to prevent administrators from becoming powerful and arrogant? how can

Ensuring that the rights of the individual are guaranteed while ensuring a democratic balance of power to executive power? "

——"Einstein Collected Works Volume III Why Socialism"

twenty one

The Marxist study of social history starts from the "real individual". The so-called real individual,

It is the people who are engaged in activities in the actual historical process, first of all engaged in productive activities - we carry out other activities

Any kind of activity can only be realized after the basic needs such as food, clothing, housing and transportation are met. Therefore, for the actual

The analysis of people will inevitably lead to the analysis of the production activities of material materials. It can be seen that the first basic concept of historical materialism

The point is:

, is a unique form of human activity. Because labor is a social

In order to function, it must take a social form. The social form of productive activity can be further divided into two aspects:

productivity and relations of production. This we have briefly mentioned before.

the so-called

In order to truly bring out the productive forces, a certain form of combination of people and things is needed—this form of combination,

Right now

In the overall historical development, does it mean that

Are relations of production completely passive and passive to productive forces? Absolutely not.

【Example】Under the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism in old China, the landlord class and the comprador class represented

It represents the most backward and reactionary production relations in China, and the productive forces have been severely restrained and destroyed. Before liberation, China

Not only is there almost no machine manufacturing industry, but there is no automobile manufacturing industry or aircraft manufacturing industry. The annual output of steel is only

tens of thousands of tons. Even people's general daily necessities are mostly from foreign countries. The cloth is called foreign cloth, and even as small as an iron nail, it is also imported.

It's called foreign nails. Under such circumstances, overthrow the reactionary rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism, change the

The establishment of the feudal relations of production and the establishment of socialist relations of production play an important role in promoting the development of productive forces.

The role of the decision.

On the issue of relations of production and productive forces, should we insist on the dialectical unity between them, or should we promote the reactionary

productivity theory, .

【Example】Let's take a look at the so-called "contradiction between the advanced socialist system and the backward social productive forces" in the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

The revisionist fallacy of "shield". In our country, the socialist relations of production are basically the same as the development of productive forces.

Correspondingly, it has opened up a vast world for the development of productive forces, but it still has imperfect aspects, and these imperfect aspects

On the one hand, it contradicts the development of productive forces.

The practice of the socialist revolution tells us: the superiority of the socialist system always promotes the development of productive forces, and the

The further development of productive forces can only be promoted after reforming the part of production relations that is not suitable for the development of productive forces.

Where is there any "contradiction between the advanced socialist system and the backward social productive forces"?

However, the elimination of old production relations and the emergence of new production relations cannot be smooth and unimpeded. old production

The transformation of relations, the establishment and improvement of new production relations, so we must understand the old

How the relations of production are changed, how the new relations of production are established and perfected, only from the relations of production and production

It is not enough to explain the contradiction of forces, but must also be examined in terms of the relationship between the superstructure and the economic base.

twenty two

The factor that directly determines the superstructure is actually the aspect of the production relations in the mode of production. Therefore, for specific

To thoroughly study the relationship between the mode of production and the social superstructure, we will

So, what is the relationship between the economic base and the superstructure?

In the contradiction between the superstructure and the economic base, . economy

The base determines the superstructure, and what kind of economic base there is, what kind of superstructure can be; the economic base changes

"The whole huge superstructure is also changing more or less quickly".

When the old economic base disintegrates, the superstructure built on this base will inevitably disintegrate along with it, but it

The disintegration of China is fast and slow.

Especially the old ideologies associated with declining classes will remain for a long time

existed during the period.

【Example】In ancient China, there was a period of history in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in which feudal production relations were born, and the reactionary slave-owner class was born.

In order to safeguard their own interests, the class used the state apparatus in its own hands to try to strangle the emerging landlord class, and the landlord class

It took a long struggle for the class to defeat the slave-owning class.

【Example】In a capitalist society, with the intensification of the contradiction between the socialization of production and the private ownership of means of production, objective

Conceptually, it has long been required to replace capitalist private ownership with socialist public ownership. However, the bourgeoisie holds the reactionary

state apparatus and use it to serve the maintenance of the economic base of capitalism. If the proletariat does not first smash assets

Without the state apparatus of the class, it is impossible to eliminate the capitalist economic system. What kind of "capitalism" advocated by old and new revisionists?

"ism can grow into socialism peacefully" and "capitalism can be reformed" are completely deceptive nonsense.

In a socialist society, the aspect in which the superstructure matches the economic base is fundamental. However, the bourgeoisie and

The existence of its ideology, the existence of certain bureaucratic styles in state institutions, and the existence of certain links in the state system

The existence of defects, etc., these, for the consolidation, perfection and development of the socialist economic foundation, will hinder or even destroy

bad effect. To make the socialist superstructure better serve the socialist economic base, we must pay close attention to the superstructure.

struggle in the field of superstructure and carry through to the end the socialist revolution in the field of superstructure.

Next we talk about class struggle,

. The two basic prerequisites for the emergence of classes are the appearance of surplus products and the formation of private ownership. class

The essence of life lies in the commonality of social groups or groups of people in different economic positions who are connected with specific production relations.

body.

Because communism has eliminated classes, there is no class struggle;

There is no spontaneous implementation of the commune system, and there is no class struggle.

capitalism and socialism exist

(Capitalism is the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, socialism is the dictatorship of the proletariat).

Since class struggle is manifested at all levels—nationality, state, society, ideology, etc. (

),so .

【Example】Let's take a look at the extinction theory of class struggle and the limitation theory of class struggle. The former are Khrushchev and Liu Shaoqi

(We will calculate this person's account later) advocated, the latter was Deng Xiaoping's improvement based on the former. Deng

Xiaoping admitted that there are individual bourgeois elements, but he does not admit that there is a bourgeoisie; he admits that there is class struggle, but he does not admit that there is a bourgeoisie.

Recognize the pervasiveness of class struggle. In fact, they are all distortions of Marxism, singing the same tune.

Is there a historical stage in which there are only individual saboteurs and no classes? Yes, that is communism

early stages of society. It can be seen that Deng Xiaoping liked the "Great Leap Forward", and he got carried away as soon as he leaped forward.

"Only communism can do without the state at all, because then there is no one to repress—this is

The so-called "no one" here refers to the class and refers to the systematic struggle against a certain part of the population. I

We are not utopians, and we do not deny in the slightest the possibility and inevitability of individual mischief, nor do we deny

There is a need to suppress such disturbances. "

- Lenin, "The State and the Revolution"

twenty three

A general expression of subjective thought. In a general sense, it refers to those who do not analyze the changes and developments of things, and do not study the contradictions of things.

Particularity (according to Marxist philosophy, the contradictions of things always exist and develop with the development of matter, never static

and disappear), just copying off-the-shelf principles and concepts to deal with problems, and converting individual words and sentences of Marxism

As a dead dogma, it refuses to conduct specific analysis of specific issues, and opposes the universal truth and revolutionary principles of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.

Combined with the specific practice of life.

For example, some people want to go to the countryside to set up a revolutionary base area now, and they don't think about the difference between the current countryside and the previous ones.

What is the difference in rural areas.

"A correct theory must be elucidated and developed in light of specific circumstances and according to existing conditions."

- "Letter from Marx to Göbert Oppenheim"

"Our theories are developing theories, not dogmas that must be learned and repeated mechanically."

- "Letter from Engels to Florence Kelly-Wisniewitzky"

"No investigation, no voice."

—— "Selected Works of Mao Zedong Volume Two"

Ethnicity refers to a group of people who are objectively distinguished from other groups of people in terms of culture, language, and history.

The concepts formed by studying the history of human evolution and race are also

. Due to historical reasons, a country

There can be different nationalities, and one nation can live in different countries. The modern concept of nation can be based on the

A group of people who cannot be distinguished can also refer to a group of people who share a common cultural concept but do not have a common language or historical source. now

The same nation can have different religious beliefs; the same nation can have different historical origins, and different nations can have different religious beliefs.

Use the same language; different nationalities can merge into new ones at a later stage.

The "nation" in our country is more similar to the "nation" - a new ethnic group formed for political purposes. in cultural customs

Under the combined circumstances, the nation cannot be directly transformed into the concept of nation. Therefore, our country's "nationalism" should be called

"Nationalism".

Nationalism is the opposite of internationalism. All proletarians in the world, regardless of nationality and country, are subject to capital

Domestic exploitation is essentially a community of interests. Global proletarians should not be influenced by the idea of "nations" and "states"

(Specifically referring to the idea of "nation" and "state" that is bourgeoisized and beneficial to the bourgeoisie), it should

(but not that we directly

Armed against other capitalist countries).

All communists should be internationalists, they should deny nationalism, but they should regard nationalism as

An important propaganda strategy in the political struggle - after all, "nation" and "state" in socialism as proletarian dictatorship

Political tools are still useful, but.

Different classes have different patriotism. The slave-owning class has the patriotism of the slave-owning class, and the landlord class has the patriotism of the slave-owning class.

The patriotism of the landlord class. Put it now, that is, the bourgeoisie has bourgeois patriotism, and the proletariat

There is proletarian patriotism, and sometimes imperialism will use the banner of patriotism to maintain its rule and even invade other countries.

country.

The purpose of bourgeois "patriotism" is to preserve their system of exploitation, in other words,

twenty four

The proletariat is a complete patriot. After the Chinese proletariat entered the political arena, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,

Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, after a long and arduous struggle, the rule of imperialism and its lackeys in China was overthrown. after liberation,

The Chinese proletariat fought tit-for-tat against the encirclement, blockade, aggression and subversive activities of imperialism and social-imperialism.

struggle against the enemy, and with great patriotic enthusiasm, worked hard to make the poor and backward old

China has become a new socialist China with initial prosperity.

For the proletariat of oppressed nations and countries, patriotism and internationalism are completely identical. chairman mao

He once pointed out: "Patriotism is the implementation of internationalism in the national liberation war."

The U.S. War to Aid Korea and the Korean and Vietnamese people’s wars against U.S. aggression and national salvation are both patriotic wars against aggression and attacks on other countries.

support for the revolution. The revolutionary struggles of the peoples of the world have always supported each other. Currently, countries in the third world

The struggle against the aggression, subversion, interference, control and oppression of the two superpowers is not only a just patriotic struggle, but also a

It is also a strong support for the whole world revolution.

——Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1975 Edition "Little Dictionary of Philosophy"

The patriotism advocated by Little Pink is actually to be a lackey of the capitalists and help the evildoers. their socialism,

It is to engage in capitalism; their patriotism is to curry favor with capitalists, curry favor with imperialism, and oppress the common people;

Their materialism is unbelievable, there are a lot of ghosts and monsters, and they have lifted someone up to the sky!

If they were born in the era of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek would definitely support them!

. At the end of the 19th century, advanced capitalist countries successively

Enter the stage of imperialism. Comrade Lenin pointed out: Imperialism is a monopoly (one or several large enterprises control the entire industry

industry, one family dominates, and controls most of the industry's profits in its own hands), parasitic, decaying, and dying capitalism.

First look at its monopoly. Comrade Lenin in the masterpiece "Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism" divided

The main economic features of imperialism are:

The concentration of production and capital developed to such a high level that the decisive factors in economic life arose

(The competition of free capitalism has since become a larger-scale infighting of the capitalist alliance);

Banks (from a money-turning institution to a wealth machine dominated by big capitalists, and stocks have become an excellent choice for making money) and

Industrial capital is integrated and formed on the basis of "fiscal capital" (controlling the economic production profits of almost the whole society);

It is different from commodity export (dumping products to backward capitalist countries, robbing production materials and labor force, making

It becomes an economic colony) significance becomes extremely important;

formation of capitalists;

Great capitalist powers (formerly politically turned de facto colonies, now economically

It became an imperceptible colony in the world, and capitalists from all over the world started a world war for the colonies).

Look at its parasitism and decay. The conditions for big capitalists (especially the chairman) to get something for nothing have greatly increased——

With the monopoly of most of the industry, why worry all day long? You can even make money from war, from

The defeated country looted the money. There is also a political reaction: the monopoly capitalists are eager to hold the power of the state in their own hands

Here, trying to control the masses through policies (this is especially the case with fascism).

Finally, the speculative and reactionary role played by the "worker aristocrats" specially hired by capitalists in the struggle for workers' rights

It reached its peak in the era of imperialism.

But why is it dying? The author has already mentioned earlier that capitalism has established the living conditions for socialism.

The material prerequisites for socialization. This point reaches its peak in imperialism - this is the monopoly capitalists trying to expand profits

inevitable result. What follows is that the labor intensity of the proletariat is greater and the class contradictions are further sharpened. Plus

There are other reasons that lead to the beginning of a general crisis of imperialism (rather than a purely economic crisis)—all aspects

big crisis ahead. At this time, politicians will clamor that "world war is inevitable" in an attempt to divert the contradiction. Can

This is as ridiculous as "get rich first and get rich later". This classic proposition has already had countless abbreviations: "struggle

"On" "Continuous Struggle Theory" "Effort Theory" "Efforts to Teach"...its essence is the fetishism of the bourgeoisie (material

level is everything). People who believe in it even created the "Historical View of Hard Work", advocating that "people who work hard create history."

History", it is hilarious.

Just imagine, the capitalists exploited the fruits of the labor of the proletariat and only distributed as little as possible,

The lifeblood of the economy is in their own hands. How likely is the proletariat to succeed in becoming a capitalist?

If revisionism has just been restored or in the era of free capitalism, it may be possible to become a small capitalist or a big capitalist

The family, and then became the target of the former brothers - the proletariat. If it is the era of imperialism (China's modern

This is the case now), monopoly capitalists control the means of production, and have little chance of becoming capitalists.

This idea might as well go to the street and buy a lottery ticket.

What about entrepreneurs? In fact, they are only a very small number of successful people. The bureaucrats only want you to see what they want you to see.

Moreover, how many of these so-called entrepreneurs can be promoted to big capitalists instead of going bankrupt in the complicated market competition

Woolen cloth?

Some people also mistakenly believe that if they work hard, capitalists will promote themselves and finally turn over the business to themselves.

What nonsense! If the capitalists promote the proletariat, it can only be for their own use (“Queen literati”

Class) Which capitalist would be willing to take the trouble to promote others? What's more, throughout the ages, most capitalists have regarded enterprises as

Traditions are passed on to future generations—and only a handful are passed on to the workers of yore.

A comrade said: "Happiness is not achieved through struggle, but through struggle!"

representative of bourgeois ideology. Out of self-interest, the petty bourgeoisie does not support the equality of the Marxist-Leninist-Maoists

Treat people (poor because of "no struggle") and do not support the bourgeois rule of law advocated by the bourgeoisie (no struggle "live

should be oppressed"), not only self-righteous but also pretending to be lucky enough to smash all class barriers to obtain

The look of success.

This kind of person is another manifestation of ignorance. This question is saying: "The machine will kill the worker and make the worker

laid off! "However, since the first industrial revolution or even before, machines appeared long ago, so why haven't workers been laid off yet?

This kind of person will say aggressively: "You are too ignorant! Artificial intelligence is different from any previous machine.

Can imitate human consciousness and outperform humans at work! "

This further illustrates their ignorance of political economy. For something like a machine, if you give it electricity and raw materials, it will

Work; if it doesn't give it, it will go on strike, and the capitalists have nothing to do. The machine is not afraid of deducting wages - it does not need wages;

We are not afraid of fighting, as if we fight it, it will only harm the interests of the capitalists.

Even if the machine is really cowhide enough to produce itself with zero investment, then it is so low cost that it can produce

What is the price of the goods? Let me ask you, how much is the air everywhere worth? Even if he wants to be more expensive, in capital

In a capitalist society, other capitalists with the same technology must be cheaper than him in order to make a profit, and the final price will still be

Being suppressed to the price of air, it is unprofitable. In addition, the more advanced the machine maintenance, the more staggering the maintenance cost, such a factory must

However, it was abandoned by the capitalists before bankruptcy.

Since it is impossible to extract a penny of surplus value from the machine, how can capitalists use it to make money?

Woolen cloth? Only use workers!

Weapons are created by man. The revolution cannot do without weapons, and if it is not possible, weapons can be made. But relying on martial arts alone

Weapons cannot decide the outcome of a war. It depends on the person!

The Kuomintang encircled and suppressed the Red Army, hundreds of thousands or even a million versus tens of thousands, and the weapons and equipment were better than the Red Army, right? still got five

Only once can the Red Army go to the Long March (it was also caused by the strategic miscalculation of the Red Army).

After the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Kuomintang fought a civil war. The Kuomintang army had more than 4 million troops, and there was support from the United States. What about the navy and air force?

There are, and the PLA has less than 2 million. However, the Kuomintang not only lost, but about 850,000 soldiers revolted.

were sent to Taiwan.

During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, our equipment was backward enough, right? But we still defeated the US imperialist forces.

Let me talk about a more recent example. Yeltsin launched the uprising propaganda directly on the tank during the Soviet coup.

The book, the mutiny of the army, and so many nuclear warheads have all been placed on display, waiting for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

Nuclear deterrence? You scare me with anti-matter weapons, scare me with space fleets, scare me with Mars hitting the earth

It's useless! If you don't let me live, I will fight you hard!

The dying bourgeoisie will surely be defeated by the united and powerful proletariat.

Good guy! Don't even think about who is the father of the capitalist?

The "patriotism" mentioned here should mean loving the current revisionist China, right? Since it is a revisionist country, then

This "country" is originally a violent machine used by capitalists to oppress workers, so how could it be "non-conflicting"?

Sorry, the characteristic party has forgotten its original intention and mission.

"The original aspiration and mission of the Chinese Communists is to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation."

——Xi Jinping's "Report to the Nineteenth National Congress"

Good guy! Shouldn’t the original intention of the communists be to want communism? Shouldn't the proletariat be led

Carry out a revolutionary struggle, overthrow the bourgeoisie, and carry out socialist construction? Shouldn't it be the liberation of the working people? and

And your "seeking happiness for the Chinese people" has not been realized in my opinion, but it has become farther and farther away, a blank check!

Since we want to adhere to Deng Xiaoping's revisionist line of "unwavering for a hundred years," that is to say, we must implement capitalism "for a hundred years."

Years will not be shaken", why talk about the "initial aspiration" of communism, isn't this intentional to deceive the people?

By the way, history tells us that revisionist parties like to deceive the people!

Some people talk about the three-year famine, that's fine, let's not talk about the fake and undrafted death data (far less than the mainstream say

France's 30 million people), famine has never been a rare thing in human history, and there have been more than one million deaths in history

Half of the cases were famines, and famines in the world have not been eradicated until today. There may always be people who feel that they are dozens

The year is full, and all people in all periods of history are full, or in other words, they must be full, not at all.

They fail to recognize the cruelty of man's transformation of nature and his struggle with nature.

Put a paragraph of text below:

The top-secret document officially declassified by the CIA on April 4, 1961 fundamentally denies that the hunger

Lies that have killed tens of millions, written in black and white, with ironclad evidence!

This declassified official CIA report on the 1960 China famine was published in the U.S.

On the official website of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), anyone can view it at any time:

http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_

0001098172.pdf

Anyone with a little common sense knows that the domain name "cia.gov" is unique in the world, and it is impossible to create

Fake. Declassified top-secret CIA document dated April 4, 1961: "Conclusion... because the economy

Mismanagement on the ground, especially because of bad weather in the past two years, resulting in no more grain production in 60 than in 57,

But to feed an extra 50 million people. Large-scale famines are not happening now, but there are many in some provinces

People are suffering from malnutrition...the 'Great Leap Forward' caused population movements..."

This secret document of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is specially provided to the President of the United States, important officials of the US government and the United States.

The authenticity and reliability of the top-secret information of the Chinese military cannot be doubted.

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is the largest, most authoritative, omnipotent and pervasive US government in the world

spy agency. If the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) doesn't even know about such an earth-shattering event as starving to death of tens of millions of people, then it is still

It's better to close the door.

——"The Truth About 30 Million Starved to Death (Revised Edition)"

If famine is not allowed immediately after the founding of the country, the death of one person can show how evil the system is,

Then let us look at two questions. One is, with the conditions of productivity at that time, can it be possible to avoid natural disasters?

Famine? The second is whether it is possible to change a social system, or another regime that may be successful at that time.

to better?

The first question is that it is ridiculous to think that the country will have high productivity immediately after the founding of the country.

No matter how strong the fighters are, they will leave behind in the Republic of China the poor and the poor, who have almost no industrial foundation, and whose death rate is as high as a thousand.

The illiteracy rate exceeds 90%, and the nature has been transformed under the conditions of years of wars and destruction of a large number of facilities.

Let's take a look at the economic data in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. In 1953, after more than three years of economic recovery,

characteristic party blinded,

Let's clarify!

This big country with a population of 600 million has a total of 585 tractors, 284 combines, and 284 trucks

(Yes, it is a car), after more than 20 years of so-called "detours", the above indicators have become 550,000

There are more than 7,000, 18,000, and 73,000. These important machinery needed for agricultural production will never be

It grows from the ground, and after the 1960s, there was no foreign aid, all thanks to the laborers of New China.

Made out of a steel plate, didn't these laborers live during the Republic of China?

I only saw that there was a famine and people died, so I shouted, this is really hell, but I didn't know it until seven or eight.

The problem of not having enough to eat was completely solved in the 1900s. They were unaware of the natural disasters that occurred during this three-year period, and even

now:

In the article "Three Years of Good Weather--1959-1961 Meteorological and Hydrological Research", Jin Hui and his colleagues proposed

The average index draws three years of good weather. How average? It is to set the flood as a negative value and the drought as a positive value, and then

Finally, all the positive and negative indices are added together, and this addition will offset the drought and flood; in addition, in terms of time, there will be no rain in the first half of the year.

If there is heavy rain in the second half of the year, it will be offset by drought and flood. So, that's how the conclusion about the absence of natural disasters was drawn.

——"The Appearance of Anti-Mao Speech"

These people can't see that the peasants are fighting against the sky, building water conservancy projects, and reclaiming wasteland under the organization of the people's communes.

The Hongqi Canal, which has completely solved the water problem of hundreds of thousands of people, does not see countless workers working hard day and night to improve agricultural production.

The degree of mechanization and modernization of the industry, the countless experiments conducted by countless scientific researchers, and the introduction of chemical fertilizers

and utilization, but the use of improved seeds is not seen, and the water conservancy facilities built in the People’s Commune era are still nourishing today

Looking at the land of the Republic, we cannot see the yearning for a happy life and the desire for a complete end to hunger of the tens of millions of working people in China.

Famine is an effort to put an end to hunger, a thing that has plagued China for thousands of years.

Next, let's compare and contrast Chairman Jiang.

The Chiang bandits brought extremely serious disasters to the Chinese people. There were at least three major famines in the Republic of China. by

Take the Great Famine in 1928 as an example. In Shaanxi province alone, more than 3 million people died and more than 6 million people were displaced.

When the total population of Shaanxi reached 70%, how about the national government’s disaster relief operations? Taking 1929 as an example, Shaanxi received a total of

The relief fund is 191,027 yuan (yes, yuan). If this is barely considered a natural disaster, let's take a look at a complete man-made disaster.

During the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the digging of the Huayuankou levee, and the Yellow River burst. By 1947, 890,000 people had drowned alone.

12 million people were affected by the disaster, and the Henan famine in 1942 was accompanied by it, and the death toll reached 3 million. According to the estimated three years

According to the calculation method of the number of people who died of starvation in disasters, the number of people who died of starvation during the Republic of China was no less than 200 million.

Let me correct it first, the Great Leap Forward movement was not led by Chairman Mao. When the Great Leap Forward and exaggeration prevailed,

. In other words, the actual leader of the Great Leap Forward Movement was Liu Shaoqi

And Deng Xiaoping, and the prevalence of exaggeration is also caused by Liu and Deng's ineffective leadership, cover-up and connivance.

On June 14, 1958, Liu Shaoqi promoted Kang Youwei's "Great Harmony" while talking with the head of the All-China Women's Federation party organization.

"Book", said "We will not be far from communism, we can catch up with the United States in fifteen years, and in another forty or fifty years

The country can enter communism. "

On June 30, 1958, Liu Shaoqi said in a conversation with the editor of "Beijing Daily", "In my opinion, after three or forty years, the

You can go to a communist society, you see, does it take so long? "

On July 5, 1958, Liu Shaoqi said in a conversation with workers at the Beijing Shijingshan Power Plant that in two or three years, the

China can surpass the United States in seven or eight years.

From July 14th to 18th, 1958, Liu Shaoqi visited Shouzhang County, Shandong Province, and heard that the output per mu of Taiqian Society would reach 30,000 to 50,000

jins of corn, 30,000 to 50,000 jins of millet, 300,000 jins of sweet potatoes, and 15,000 jins of seed cotton per mu in Hongweishe.

They said: "You overwhelmed the scientists. They didn't dare to think. You did it. This is a revolution."

From September 19th to 28th, 1958, Liu Shaoqi visited Jiangsu. In the Heping People's Commune of Changshu County, he visited Zhongdao

In the high-yield experimental field, he asked the party secretary: How much can the yield per mu be? He replied: It can hit 10,000 catties. Liu Shaoqi said:

"10,000 catties, can there be more? You have good conditions here, and if you do deep plowing, you can hit more."

——Reference Room of People's Publishing House: "Chinese Khrushchev Liu Shaoqi's Counter-revolutionary Revisionist Speech Collection"

"During the Great Leap Forward Movement, I was more cautious at the beginning because of Chairman Mao's repeated exhortations, but in June

It’s time to ‘follow the crowd’. Because the situation at that time was: the group of central leaders who had closed the propaganda gate "liberated their minds, dared to

The call to dare to do it was overwhelming. And Mao's voice of leaving room or compressed air was weak. at the time central

In the leadership, he is a minority. So I had no choice but to 'follow the crowd' and go with the majority of the central leaders, especially the Propaganda

The main leaders of Chuankou Pass, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, left. In 1958, "People's Daily" and Xinhua News Agency advocated the "five

Feng’s mistakes should be held accountable by central leaders Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, who were at the gate of propaganda. Of course, although you can't

It is said that "People's Daily" and Xinhua News Agency should bear the main responsibility for the "exaggerated wind" and "communist wind" in 1958, but I

I still feel guilty about the bad influence caused by presiding over the propaganda work of these two units during this period. "

——Wu Lengxi, former editor-in-chief of People's Daily and president of Xinhua News Agency

"Recalling Chairman Mao—Several Fragments of Major Historical Events I Experienced Personally"

Deng Xiaoping once advocated in Guizhou that the yield per mu should be 1,800 catties, and he visited the rice fields in Tianjin that claimed to yield 110,000 catties per mu.

In this case, instead of criticizing, they even stood on the rice and took a group photo to commemorate it, which is called "flying on the rice".

As for the expansion of the anti-rightist struggle, their purpose of expanding this struggle is to serve

In order to transfer the contradiction, let innocent people come to scapegoat the rightists.

Chairman Mao originally wanted us to develop productivity during the Great Leap Forward, but in the end this production movement was destroyed.

When Chairman Mao found that exaggeration was prevalent everywhere, he severely criticized this phenomenon. Was once criticized by Chairman Mao as a "second-rate newspaper"

After the "People's Daily" published the news that "a mu produces ten thousand catties", Chairman Mao did not believe it at all. But the Chairman himself

At that time, it had already retreated to the second line, and no matter how much it was criticized, it was difficult to change anything. In the end, this production movement was negated, and the black hats

The money was also all buckled on the head of the chairman.

The public canteen and big pot rice were proposed and arranged by Liu Shaoqi himself. In January 1958, the central government held a meeting in Nanning

During a state work conference, Liu Shaoqi proposed to learn from the Soviet Union to set up collective canteens. Chairman Mao did not advocate it, but only agreed with

He wanted to set up a pilot project, and Liu Shaoqi made a big fuss about it.

At the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress, Liu Shaoqi talked about work-study and collectivization of life, and asked Beijing and Tianjin to try first.

test.

On June 14, 1958, when talking with members of the All-China Women's Federation Party Group, Liu took the opportunity to talk about women's liberation and suggested

Public canteens are generally established, and examples are also encouraged: "There is an agricultural cooperative in Henan, with more than 500 households, of which 200

Many households set up public canteens, and the family no longer cooks. After being organized, the number of workers has increased by one-third.

There are more than 200 people cooking, but now there are only 40 people cooking, and they are still full and better, and they save food.”

The later people's communes were corrected as "distribution according to work".

Here comes the focus of this unit.

Originally, the Cultural Revolution had already been denied by revisionist officials and criticized as "ten years of turmoil." as it turns out

so? We can see from the two screenshots below that the people now support the Cultural Revolution (after testing, it is not an individual

screen refresh).

The full name of the Cultural Revolution is the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution", which lasted about ten years (1966-1976) in name, but actually

It lasted qualitatively for about three years (1966-1968). . Its theoretical basis comes from the horse

Lenin-Maoism (especially the theory of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat) has achieved fruitful results, but it is a pity that it was strangled by the bourgeoisie.

kill and discredit. Next, let's briefly talk about this history. The reason why Chairman Mao launched the Cultural Revolution was not only to ask the masses to criticize

The most important reason for condemning the reactionary bourgeois line in literature and art was the emergence of revisionists in the Party.

That is to say, those "people in power taking the capitalist road" are trying to usurp the party and power and restore capitalism.

Chaos arose during the Cultural Revolution, concentrated from the summer of 1966 to the spring of 1967, less than a year before and after (also

That is to say, it was not always chaotic during the Cultural Revolution). In 1966, the most violent stage of vandalism, looting and fighting was in August.

It is called "Red August". Now people are generally disgusted with the Cultural Revolution.

Actions such as fighting, these are the actions of the Red Guards. But many people do not know that during the Cultural Revolution

Those ones

(Perhaps many people dislike the word "rebellion", but "there are thousands of principles of Marxism

Wanxu, it can be summed up in one sentence: Rebellion is justified! ", which requires more reading of the original works of Marxism-Leninism-Mao

understand), those .

Behaviors such as smashing, looting, and fighting are mostly done by conservatives. For example, the origin of nationwide fighting is Deng Rong (Deng Xiaoping)

daughter), Song Binbin, Liu Tingting and others fought to death Principal Bian Zhongyun. Chairman Mao had just begun the Cultural Revolution

At that time, it was clearly pointed out that "we must fight with words, not with violence" ("May 16th Notice"), and have been sending out notices saying that we cannot

Engage in martial arts.

On August 5, 1966, the famous poster written by Comrade Mao Zedong himself, "Bombarding the Headquarters - My Big

Zibao was published, triggering an all-round rise in personality cult. On August 8, the plenary session passed the "Sixteen Articles", which once again systematically explained

Describe the theoretical policies of the Cultural Revolution, and the Cultural Revolution was in full swing. On August 10, Comrade Mao Zedong said when receiving the masses in Zhongnanhai:

"You must care about national affairs, and carry the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to the end!"

If the masses want to fight the bureaucracy, then the bureaucracy must divert the contradictions, muddy the water, and let the masses fight the masses. conservatives formed

The core task of the Red Guard pickets such as "Xijiao" was to organize, and the later "linkage" was based on

These three organizations are organized as the core. They do not agree to point the spearhead of the struggle at the party, but instead use "breaking the four olds",

In the name of "sweeping all ghosts and snakes", everywhere,

, , , , ,and

, , some people even come out day and night to kill the opposite person, causing

It caused serious turmoil in social security and brought many disasters to the country and society.

. And these crimes turned out to be the basis for denying the Cultural Revolution.

The general situation of Tsinghua University's high-ranking cadres' children in power:

Liu Tao - the daughter of the State President Liu Shaoqi, "Three Pro"

One of the principals in charge of the Temporary Headquarters of the Red Guards of Hua University, and the director of the "Cultural Revolution" of the Department of Self-control.

He Pengfei - son of He Long, vice premier of the State Council and director of the National Sports Commission, director of the temporary preparatory committee for the "Cultural Revolution" of the school, the school

Chairman of the temporary presidium, director of the "Cultural Revolution" of the Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Li Lifeng - the son of Li Jingquan, vice chairman of the National People's Congress, the main person in charge of the school's "Cultural Revolution" Preparatory Committee and the temporary presidium

One, the director of the "Cultural Revolution" of the Department of Engineering and Physics.

Liu Jufen, the secretary-general of the National People's Congress and the daughter of Liu Ningyi, secretary of the Central Secretariat, is the head of the Red Guards at Tsinghua University.

Qiao Zonghuai——Son of Vice Foreign Minister Qiao Guanhua, one of the main persons in charge of the "Three Prosecutions", and the leader of the "Cultural Revolution"

appoint.

Hu Jinbo - the son of Hu Keshi, Secretary of the League Central Secretariat, and the person in charge of the "Cultural Revolution" of the Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Wang Xinmin——Son of Wang Weizhou, member of the Standing Committee of the Central Supervisory Committee, one of the heads of the "Three Lins", and the "Cultural Revolution" of the Radio Department

principal.

Wang Sumin——The son of Wang Zheng, Minister of the Fourth Machinery Department, one of the heads of the "Three Lins", and the head of the "Cultural Revolution" of the Radio Department

one of the people.

——Peking University Marxist Society "History of the Cultural Revolution"

On November 27, 1966, the conservative organization "Capital Red Guard Joint Action Committee" (referred to as "Linkage")

was established and attacked the rebels under the banner of "the Central Cultural Revolution drove us to Liangshan, we had no choice but to rebel", but to no avail.

The result. On December 18, Tan Lifu, one of the leaders of the conservative faction, was arrested; on December 25, the rebels held a meeting;

On the 26th, the "Linkage" held an "opposition meeting". At the meeting, they shouted "Down with the Central Cultural Revolution" and "Down with Zhou En."

"Come", "Long live Liu Shaoqi", "Fried Jiangqing", "Chairman Mao is not correct". A week later, it was staged six more times

Shock the scandal of the Ministry of Public Security rescuing the arrested. In the spring of 1967 the organization was banned.

And it is such an organization!

Ladies and gentlemen, who do you think should be the general backstage of the conservatives?

Mao Zedong wrote to Zhou Enlai:

"Recently, many revolutionary teachers, students, and revolutionary masses who came to Beijing wrote to me asking me what to give to those in power and those who are taking the capitalist road.

Are ghosts and ghosts wearing high hats, slapping faces, and parading in the streets considered martial arts? I think: this approach should be regarded as a part of martial arts.

kind of form. This practice is not good. This approach fails to achieve the purpose of educating the people. Here I emphasize that in the struggle

In the middle school, we must insist on literary combat and not use martial arts, because martial combat can only touch the human body, not the human soul. Only

Only by insisting on fighting with words, without fighting by force, by presenting facts, reasoning, and convincing others with reasoning, can we rise to the level of fighting and truly reach the level of success.

to the purpose of educating the people. Anyone who hits someone with his hands should be punished according to law.

... We are the proletariat, the struggle must be more civilized, why bring out feudalism. "

Before the Cultural Revolution, Lao She was experiencing life in the suburbs of Beijing. After the Cultural Revolution began, he served as the director of the Revolutionary Committee of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles.

He participated with a positive attitude. The main force for criticizing and beating Lao She was the Red Guards of Beijing Women's Eighth Middle School. female eight

Middle School is a middle school where the children of cadres are concentrated. According to the memories of some Red Guards in the No.

Under the leadership of the group, he rushed into the Federation of Literary and Art Circles. This "School Cultural Revolution Leading Group", around August 1966, these open groups

Weaving is basically controlled by the red nobles. At this time, it was this group of people who shifted the general direction of the struggle and pointed the spearhead of the struggle against the people.

The era of masters, celebrities and intellectuals. More importantly, after the Cultural Revolution, most of these people wore yellow robes and held

In charge of various key departments.

Many people use the logic of "Chairman Mao—Cultural Revolution—Red Guards—Lao She committed suicide" to deduce that Chairman Mao was

Lao She committed suicide. Where is this point of view wrong? The problem lies in the third link—the Red Guards. Cultural Revolution Red Guard

The nature of the soldiers is not static. At first they were the children of high-ranking cadres, and some capitalist-roaders used their power to organize "royalists".

Confront real Red Guards, all of whom call themselves Red Guards. As Engels said, "The victory of Marxism,

He forced his enemies to disguise themselves as Marxists to engage in various sabotage activities.” During the Cultural Revolution, many

Many chaos and tragedies were created by those who wanted to destroy the Cultural Revolution. After the Cultural Revolution ended, they pushed all the responsibilities to the real people.

Right on the head of the Red Guards. This tactic of holding the red flag against the red flag has deceived many people, so the culprit was able to

The golden cicada escaped from its shell and escaped justice.

——"The Appearance of Anti-Mao Speech"

In 1967, the rebels began to seize power.

Because of the common enemy of party and government bureaucracy, most social forces were united in 1966. but official

After Liao was hit hard,

After the bureaucracy was purged, the domestic situation tended to be stable, and Mao Zedong and others and the army began to turn to the moderates.

to sustain further radical change. At this time, the army no longer endured the impact of the rebels, and some local troops began to intervene privately.

This made the plan to seize power difficult to carry out and forced Mao to instruct Lin to send troops to protect the masses.

On January 23, the military officially intervened in the Cultural Revolution. At this time, the central government still believes that the situation is improving and revisionism is basically eliminated.

The Qing Dynasty and the Cultural Revolution can basically be over (yes, I didn’t want the Cultural Revolution to go on for so long), and I prefer to use the army for

aftermath. At the same time, restrictions on the movement of the masses have been further expanded and deepened, and the army has also begun to struggle in order not to shake its own position.

The indiscriminate killing of innocent people aroused further conflicts among the rebels.

In February, the contradictions between the entire rebel faction and the army increased sharply, and the contradictions at the lower levels extended to the higher levels, forming an internal tension within the central government.

Intense conflict. The beating of army cadres by the rebels aroused the anger of the old generals. On February 14, the Central Committee held a meeting in Huairen Hall,

Several veterans believed that the Cultural Revolution had greatly disrupted social order and demanded that the party's leadership be emphasized. At this meeting, he

They even excused the "linkage" of terrorist organizations, which shows how shameful these bureaucrats are!

Comrade Mao Zedong, who was not understood, was very angry and severely criticized the old general. The top management split and fell into a stalemate. history

It is called "making a big fuss in Huairen hall". In local areas, the army did whatever it wanted because they did not receive instructions, and wantonly suppressed the masses.

"You say that Jiang Qing and Chen Boda are not good, so let you Chen Yilai be the head of the Central Cultural Revolution Group, and Tan Zhenlin be the deputy.

The team leader, Yu Qiuli is the team member. If it is not enough, please bring Wang Ming and Zhang Guotao back. The power is not enough, please the United States, the Soviet Union

Come together. Arrest and shoot Chen Boda and Jiang Qing! Let Kang Sheng go to the army! I will step down too, please bring Wang Ming back

Be the chairman! You, Tan Zhenlin, can be considered an old party member, so why are you speaking on the bourgeois line? i propose this

The Politburo has to hold a meeting to discuss the matter. If it fails once, it will be held twice, and if it fails in one month, it will be held for two months; if the Politburo cannot solve it,

Mobilize all party members to solve it! "

——Mao Zedong

The Wuhan Military Region branded the "Federation of Industry and Commerce" as a counter-revolutionary organization, suppressed the "Second Division" and "Gongzao", and arrested nearly 500

more than 6,000 people were implicated; the Guangzhou Military Region branded the "August 1st Combat Corps" as a counter-revolutionary organization and suppressed the "Zhongdahong

Flag", "Pearl Shadow Dongfanghong" and so on; the Henan Provincial Military Region branded the "Zhengda Joint Committee" and "8.24" as counter-revolutionary organizations,

Suppressed the "Er Qi Commune" and arrested thousands of people;

The Anhui Provincial Military Region labeled the Hefei "Red Guards" a counter-revolutionary organization and suppressed the "8.2 Revolutionary Union Station" and the "Red Guards".

Revolutionary Council", "Workers First Division"; Xinjiang suppressed "Red Second Division" and so on. On February 18, the Chengdu Military Region used planes to scatter leaves

"Letter from the Central Military Commission to Comrades from the Chengdu Workers' Rebel Corps and Sichuan University's "August 26" Fighting Corps" issued by Jianying

Letter", and began to suppress the rebels. During this period, more than 1,100 rebel organizations were banned in Sichuan Province, and 12

Ten thousand people, including veteran cadres Li Dazhang and Long Tianbao who sympathized with the rebels, were arrested. The author of "Red Rock" Luo Guangbin was persecuted to death.

die. On February 23, the entire city of Xining was under martial law, and Zhao Yongfu, deputy commander of the Qinghai Provincial Military Region, created the "Two Two Three" incident,

On the same day, 340 revolutionary people were killed and wounded, 10,157 people were arrested and detained, and the revolutionary movement at the Nationalities Institute was suppressed the next day.

Teachers and students, killed and injured 12 people, and at the same time used various punishments to coerce, confess, and believe the revolutionary masses, and made a big show of kneeling and "please"

crime".

——Beida Mahui "The History of the Republic"

In April, the rebels officially split, internal conflicts intensified, and the stalemate expanded across the board. The central government tried its best to ease the situation.

resolve contradictions. At this time, the army (especially the bureaucrats in the army) is not satisfied with the limitation of power, and restores the power to maximize its own interests.

Live conservatives. The central government responded with a tooth for a tooth, and 62 high-level cadres including Liu Shaoqi were criticized, prompting the rebels to attack again.

This time towards union, .

On May 16, 1967, with the support of local troops in Wuhan, the conservative organization "Millions of Heroes" was established (declared to be

1.2 million members, actually about 500,000 people), is essentially a secret service group supported by bureaucrats to suppress the rebels. its goal

yes . Without the Central Government's knowledge, they actually moved

Use weapons like spears, steel helmets, sulfuric acid, military trucks, and even gas bombs.

On June 4, the Wuhan Army issued the "Chinese People's Liberation Army Wuhan Army Announcement" ("June 4th Announcement"), which became

It was the beginning of the "Million Heroes" to suppress the rebels. For more than a month, countless rebels were killed, and the city's newsletter

The equipment was cut off, and the remnants of the rebels had to rely on the only communication equipment available at the Wuhan Planetarium to send messages. middle

The orders of the Central Cultural Revolution Group have had no effect in Wuhan.

On June 26, the Central Cultural Revolutionary made an urgent call to the Wuhan Military Region, but to no avail. In the "Million Heroes" in the Wuhan Military Region

Under manipulation, 17 large-scale fighting were provoked, 137 workers and students were killed, and more than 1,000 people were seriously injured. central decision directly

involved in Wuhan. On July 6, Mao Zedong decided to go to the south to inspect the situation in person. Since the situation in Wuhan was unknown, the central government decided to

Stealth.

On July 14, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Li Zuopeng arrived in Wuhan. The Persecuted Rebels Meet Mao Zedong

With tears in my eyes, the news spread quickly. When Mao Zedong came, conservative organizations had no choice but to put up slogans to welcome him.

On July 15, Mao Zedong listened to the report and said that he would sit in Wuhan to solve the Wuhan problem, and proposed that to solve the Wuhan problem, we must

Settle from the army.

On July 18, Chen Zaidao agreed to release the rebels under the mediation of Comrade Mao Zedong. But when delivering orders, some leaders

However, rumors were spread that the central government was fooled by the rebels, the army was excited, and the "Million Heroes", the Independent Division, and the 29th Division once again "created

"Rebellion", the troops supporting the rebels from other places headed to Wuhan, and the conflict resumed.

On July 21, Comrade Mao Zedong left Wuhan at the suggestion of Zhou Enlai. Zhou Enlai finally succeeded in mediating to quell the Wu

Han factions.

On July 25, the central government declared the Wuhan incident a counter-revolutionary riot. On July 27, the "Million Heroes" were forcibly disbanded,

The Li division was branded as a "rebel army", and the rebels and elements in the army who supported the rebels began to retaliate.

On August 9, Lin Biao severely criticized the actions of the military leaders to suppress the masses, and fully agreed with the idea of "finding out capital roaders in the army."

faction" to carry out comprehensive social reforms. However, Lin Biao was the actual head of the army after all, so he still proposed "can it be saved or

The compromise slogan must be saved". Since Comrade Mao Zedong did not have actual control over the army at this time, the army began to

Weapons are handed over to the conservatives, while the rebels make and seek their own weapons.

After the Wuhan incident, the fighting against the army reached a climax, and Zhu De was also nearly criticized. Rebels again split into Wen

Peaceful and Radical.

With the support of the Central Cultural Revolution and the general situation of "finding out capitalist roaders in the military", military leaders and those with military backing

Jing's bureaucracy was criticized.

On July 25, the General Political Department was attacked by rebels on a large scale. 402 people were detained and 17 people were persecuted to death. this

Afterwards, incidents of attacking military institutions occurred one after another in many places across the country. The culmination of uncovering capitalist roaders in the military. has fallen

Peng Dehuai became the main target of the rebels to vent their anger on the army, and was brutally criticized.

The criticism of the system naturally involves the representative of this system—Liu Shaoqi.

On August 5, the first anniversary of the publication of "Bombarding the Headquarters", the rebels held a meeting in Tiananmen Square to denounce Liu Shaoqi,

Deng Xiaoping, Tao Tao. The rebels, who had become more and more angry, gradually lost their minds. Liu Shaoqi, who was terrified, held the "Constitution

It is useless to call out the prohibition of martial arts in the Law (as if you don't know that you are one of the founders of martial arts).

The rebels grew more radical. But overly radical demands have begun to deviate from the political demands of the majority of the people,

It even reached the point of anarchism at one point. The Cultural Revolution went further and further away. If there is no restriction, it may enter the whole country in the future.

Facing the chaos of civil war...

On September 5, Comrade Jiang Qing announced the end of "finding out the capitalist roaders in the army", and the army was ordered to restore order. October 1

On the National Day, the veterans who "has made a big fuss at Huairen Hall" appeared on the Tiananmen Gate. On October 4, the central government released the "About Small and Medium-sized

"Notice of Resuming Classes to Cause Revolution" ("Suspension of classes to cause revolution" was written into characteristic textbooks as "criminal evidence" of the Cultural Revolution, which was actually

lasted less than a year). On October 6, the "People's Daily" proposed to hold Mao Zedong study classes, which means that the movement

Back to the realm of ideology. On October 7, Comrade Mao Zedong shifted his focus to "absorbing lessons" in his speech, and the Cultural Revolution

From "revolution" to "rectification movement".

In early 1968, the "People's Daily" announced that the Cultural Revolution had entered a new period of military control and "struggle against criticism and reform." end of the year,

In October 1968, at the Twelfth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee,

So far, the Cultural Revolution has basically become a symbolic symbol, and the country has gradually returned to normal production and life. to continue

Continue to solve social instability factors and alleviate employment problems, and at the same time disband the Red Guards in essence. In December 1968, Mao

Comrade Mao Tse-tung came up with a bad idea and instructed: "It is very necessary for educated youth to go to the countryside to support the re-education of the poor and lower-middle peasants."

At the same time, he also advocated that farmers go to the city or study in the countryside on the spot. The number of educated youths who went to the mountains and the countryside reached more than 16 million.

It accounts for 10% of the national urban population. For several years, this measure also unexpectedly united ethnic relations. Unfortunately, after the Cultural Revolution ended,

These young people with ideals but ignorance of politics and society did not realize their initial sentimentality, revenge or

Reasons for joining the revolution, such as speculation, did not understand the Cultural Revolution, which turned out to be "evidence" for the revisionists to smear the Cultural Revolution.

The Cultural Revolution was practically over at this point.

Due to the population explosion (yes, yes, explosion) during the Cultural Revolution, there is no demographic data to support it.

So it is not as exaggerated as the previous big famine issue. However, the data being fired is still amazing:

At the beginning, it was a little more objective. It was said that 35,000 people died from the persecution, and 400,000 to 500,000 people died from suppression and fighting.

(Fairbank "Cambridge History of the People's Republic of China"). Later, it became known that 2 million people died, probably because they thought

There are so many Chinese people that they can afford to die. Later, at Xin Ziling's place, 20 million people died, and 100 million people died...

The cult of personality is not a bottomless brainwashing cult. After reading it, everyone can understand that before the Cultural Revolution in 1967, Chong

It is Mao Zedong who defeated the bureaucracy, who represented the common interests of the rebels and conservatives, and of course received

recognized by the people. The later Mao Zedong only represented the moderates, and not all the people adored him personally. By 1968,

The central government believes that the image of Mao Zedong seems to be the only banner that can stitch together a China that has been almost split in two.

A way to preserve unity and give the military a voice from the rebels.

It is absurd to use this point to attack Mao Zedong and the Cultural Revolution. In fact, Mao Zedong himself opposed personal

worship:

On June 12, 1969, according to Mao Zedong's instructions, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Responsibility for Propagating the Image of Chairman Mao"

Several Issues to Pay Attention to,” pointed out: “Currently in domestic propaganda, there are issues of not highlighting politics, pursuing forms and

The problem of pomp and waste. In the future, without the approval of the central government, it is no longer possible to make Chairman Mao badges"; "Newspapers usually do not

Use the portrait of Chairman Mao as the headline"; "Don't engage in the 'loyalty' campaign"; "Don't build feudal buildings";

"Don't engage in formalistic activities such as 'asking for instructions early and reporting late', reading quotations before meals, and saluting Chairman Mao's portrait."

At the beginning of April 1970, Mao Zedong reviewed the commemoration written by the editorial department of the Central Committee’s “Two Newspapers and One Magazine” for the 100th anniversary of Lenin’s birth

Article manuscript, write a large paragraph of comments: "About me, a few paragraphs have been deleted, all of which are useless and arouse people's resentment

s things. Don't write such words. I have said it a hundred times, but no one listens. I don't know why.

Comrade study it. He deleted it in the manuscript: "Chairman Mao is the greatest contemporary Marxist-Leninist

author", "raised Marxism-Leninism to a brand-new stage", "Mao Zedong Thought

Marxism-Leninism in an era when socialism is on the verge of collapse and socialism is triumphing all over the world", "Comrade Mao Zedong is the contemporary

Lenin", etc.

I don't need to say more about this.

(1) When Liu Shaoqi arrived in Tianjin in early May 1949, he talked with the capitalists about what is happening today

(2) Liu Shaoqi during the Great Leap Forward; in 1959 he proposed "Three Self-One Guarantees,

Four Freedoms": "private land, free market, self-financing, contracting production to each household", "free land lease, free loan,

Free labor and free trade" is completely capitalism, which led to a slump in agricultural production from 1961 to 1962.

(3) Liu Shaoqi suffered from diabetes, coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema at the beginning of 1968.

Send a medical team to treat him, take care of him, and rescue him. If Liu Shaoqi was really "wronged" on purpose, Liu had already been criticized

It was very powerful, and he would be directly expelled from the party in the future, and he could die of illness like that, without medical treatment, and no one would criticize him.

(4) In early June 1966, the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee chaired by Liu Deng decided to submit

The middle school dispatched a working group to label a large number of innocent students as "rightists" and "counter-revolutionaries" to suppress the student movement,

It caused the "white terror" in the early fifty days.

(5) His wife Wang Guangmei recalled: The Cultural Revolution was not aimed at overthrowing Liu Shaoqi; although Chairman Mao treated Comrade Shaoqi

Very dissatisfied, wrote a big-character poster, but still regarded it as a contradiction among the people, regarded it as a mistake made by my comrades, and did not file a case

Censorship, let alone kill Comrade Shaoqi.

(6) As early as in 1963 during the "Four Clean-ups" movement, Wang Guangmei went to Taoyuan for a stay and practiced wearing high hats,

In 1964, Liu Shaoqi adopted the methods of fighting such as "jet", standing and kneeling, roasting and freezing as the "Taoyuan Classic".

"experience" promotion, and further persecuted the broad masses of cadres and the masses.

And you see, in the end we just expelled him from the party. He has a lot of crimes, it is very light to open his party membership

punished.

In fact, cultural relics are still strictly protected, and the overly radical behavior will end soon. most redguards

Bing is very sensible and takes the initiative to protect cultural relics. In November 1966, Toshio Miyagawa, a professor of art history at Wako University in Japan, wrote in "Tohoku

An article titled "Praise of the Red Guards" published by Beijing Asahi Shimbun can also be confirmed. The excerpt is as follows:

It has been a month and a half since I returned from my trip to China. After I came back, I often saw and heard some newspapers, magazines and

What is the radio broadcast saying "China's Red Guards took the Chinese cultural heritage and cultural relics in this Cultural Revolution movement

It’s all destroyed” and so on, and they said it very lively, as if they were making a big deal. Among them, the Moscow side’s announcement

Chuan is the most energetic and appears to be very enthusiastic.

These reports strike me as odd. This time I, together with three Japanese painters and several researchers of Chinese art,

Visit China and witness for yourself that all ancient cultural relics and cultural heritages with historical value in China have not been damaged at all.

It was damaged and destroyed, and it was well protected and preserved there completely. This is what our fellow travelers can agree on

Certain facts. ...

We arrived in Beijing on August 22, at the height of the Cultural Revolution. Palace Museum and History

All the cultural relics inside the History Museum are still intact.

After we left Beijing, we were invited to visit the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang. The Red Guards there held high

The slogan "Protecting National Cultural Property". It can be seen that the so-called "Chinese culture has been robbed" is not true.

In Shanghai, we specially visited the Shanghai Museum and saw many selected ancient paintings. No matter in Longmen,

Whether in Shanghai or not, there is no sign of damage to China's cultural heritage.

...

In short, during my trip to China this time, not only did I not even see a shadow of the so-called "destructive culture", but

You can also see young Red Guards caring for cultural heritage and protecting cultural relics everywhere. There are changes. That is to emphasize ancient relics

The people's nature of production is no longer attributed to the emperors and generals. Everything is reformed in a direction that is in line with the national conditions of New China.

In the future, Chinese art historiography will definitely advance rapidly along this line.

On May 14, 1967, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "On Proletarianism"

Some Opinions on the Protection of Cultural Relics and Books During the Great Class Cultural Revolution, requires

Carry out cultural relics protection and publicity and education work in various places, the implementation of this document

The effect is very good. Not only did the destruction of cultural relics stop immediately, but many

The destroyed cultural relics were promptly remedied. Changsha Mawangdui, Yinque

Major archaeological discoveries such as mangosteen bamboo slips, jade clothes with golden strands and Xi'an Terracotta Warriors

They were also achievements of the Cultural Revolution.

After the end of the Cultural Revolution, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage conducted a survey on the damage to cultural relics across the country.

Inventory, more than 180 national key cultural relics have been announced by the State Council

Units, except for one in Tibet was destroyed, the others have been protected.

In the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" adopted by the Central Committee on August 8, 1966, it is clear that

When it comes to "grasp the revolution and promote production". Although the national economy suffered relatively large losses in the chaotic 1967, the

Throughout the decade, the country's economic construction was still going on, the "Third Five" and "Fourth Five-Year" national economic plans were completed,

Even the "Resolution on Certain Issues Concerning the History of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" had to admit this.

From 1967 to 1976, the average annual growth rate of total industrial and agricultural output value was 7.1%, and the average annual growth rate of total social output value was 6.8%.

The average annual growth rate of national income was 4.9%.

Compared with 1966 in 1976, the total industrial and agricultural output value increased by 79%, the total social output value increased by 77.4%, and the total national income (according to

current year price) increased by 53%. Production level: Compared with the output of major products in 1976 and 1966, steel increased by 33.5%, and raw coal

Increased by 91.7%, crude oil increased by 499%, power generation increased by 146%, agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers increased by 117.7%, plastics increased

148.2%, cotton increased by 20.9%, grain increased by 33.8%, and oilseed increased by 61.6%. Compared vertically with the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the

In 1952, the total industrial and agricultural output value was 100%, and the index in 1976 was 626.6%, an increase of 526.6 percentage points from the index in 1952

——"China Statistical Yearbook (1993)"

Long live Maoism

The Cultural Revolution actually ended at the end of 1968, but since the revisionist officials felt it was not over yet, we

Then go on.

In September 1959, after the Ninth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee, Lin Biao served as the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and the Ministry of National Defense.

long.

The Lin Biao counter-revolutionary political clique had a gradual formation process:

In 1967, Lin Biao formed a special political relationship with Wu Faxian, Li Zuopeng, and Qiu Huizuo.

Introducing Huang Yongsheng into the Military Commission's working group as the team leader, thus forming a team including Huang, Wu, Li, Qiu, and Ye (Ye

Group, Lin Biao's wife) including the "Great Combined Fleet".

Through the Ninth National Congress, except that Lin Biao was stipulated by the party constitution to become Mao Zedong's successor, the vice chairman of the party central committee, and the central political

In addition to the Standing Committee of the Bureau, Huang, Wu, Ye, Li, and Qiu also served as members of the Politburo.

Another aspect of the formation of the Lin Biao Group is the arrangement of their own successors:

In April 1967, Lin Biao and Ye Qun sent Lin Liguo to the Air Force.

In July 1967, with the approval of Wu Faxian, the "Air Force Party Committee Investigation and Research Group" was established in the Party Office with Lin Liguo as the team leader.

"Squad", which consisted of Wang Fei, Zhou Yuchi, Liu Peifeng and others. In the same month, Wu Faxian and Wang Fei, together with Zhou Yuchi, defied

The Central Committee's decision not to recruit party members in the "four major" units during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution did not fulfill the official

Lin Liguo was illegally drawn into the party through formalities.

On February 16, 1969, Lin Biao personally wrote to Zhou Yuchi and Liu Peifeng, asking them to "let tigers act more alone",

"In order to exercise his" "independent work ability".

In the second half of 1969, Wang Fei listed the "research team" as a small unit run by the Air Force Party, and "designated" six

people. After Wang Fei and others carefully selected and "tested", some people were recruited to further expand the organization.

On October 17, Wu Faxian appointed Lin Liguo as deputy director of the Air Force Command Office and deputy director of the combat department. Wu Fa

Xian said: "Everything in the Air Force can be mobilized by Comrade Li Guo, and everything in the Air Force can be commanded by Comrade Li Guo."

In October of that year (until May 1979), Lin Liguo, Zhou Yuchi, Wang Fei and others formed the original "investigation team"

As a basis, a small "combined fleet" was established. This small "United Fleet" later became the Lin Biao Group's illegal

main tool of the conspiracy.

The internal organizational structure of the Lin Biao Group is roughly as follows: Lin Biao is at the top; Ye Qun is at the bottom, and she is responsible for grasping the two aspects.

Facing: On the one hand, Huang, Wu, Li, and Qiu (Grand Combined Fleet); on the other hand, Lin Liguo, Wang Fei, Zhou Yuchi,

Liu Peifeng (Small Combined Fleet). This is the core. There are also allies in the periphery, such as Chen Boda and Wang Dongxing. them

The Lin Biao Group was formed not just to protect its own political interests. They also have their own political line,

Compete for goals.

The goal of the struggle of the Lin Biao clique gradually became apparent through participation in the activities of the Central Cultural Revolution Meeting after 1968.

clearly exposed. They regard themselves as the "gun barrel" group, and the members of the former Central Cultural Revolution as the

"Pen" group. And they think that it is this "pen" that is most likely to compete with Lin Biao for the position of successor.

group. The struggle between their so-called "gun-holding" clique and the "pen-holding" clique is

We can see that.

After 1969, the army's rise to power was extremely unfavorable to the rebels. If the situation of military control is maintained, although the Cultural Revolution certainly

It will be affirmed in name, but the rebels are firmly suppressed by the army and will never stand up. If martial law ends, although

Favorable to party and government bureaucrats who opposed the Cultural Revolution, but the rebels had a glimmer of hope, and eventually Mao Zedong decided to forcibly end the military

dictatorship, and then began to weaken the dictatorship of the military—such as directly appointing new military cadres and sending them to organizations controlled by Lin Biao

People wait, this is obviously intolerable to Lin Biao.

At the Second Plenary Session of the Ninth Central Committee, Lin Biao launched a surprise attack, advocating the view of heroes and "genius theory", regardless of Mao Zedong's colleagues.

Zhi objected to insisting on setting up a national chairman (obviously he had a purpose), and the relationship between Lin and Mao deteriorated.

In March 1971, Lin Liguo and others secretly formulated the counter-revolutionary coup plan "Summary of the May 1st Project" in Shanghai.

Later, Lin Liguo held a secret meeting in Shanghai to further plan and implement various plans for the "Summary" and determined

The coup's command team and specific division of labor.

From the content of the May 1st Project, we can see the Lin Biao Group’s extreme right political stance, political program, and political line:

From the point of view of theoretical basis and guiding ideology: they oppose the theory of continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat.

"The essence of their current theory of continuous revolution is Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution."

Note: Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution advocates that after the establishment of a socialist country, the bourgeois democratic revolution has not yet been completed.

countries (places where landlord ownership has not been overthrown and democracy and freedom have not yet been realized) continue the revolution and regard a country's revolution as the world's

part of the world revolution, otherwise the revolution will not succeed. The theory of permanent revolution is wrong, but it is not consistent with Chairman Mao's continuous revolution.

Fate theory doesn't mean the same thing at all.

From the point of view of the social system: they attacked our country's socialist system, saying that "their socialist essence

It is social fascism". They openly proposed: overthrow the feudal dynasty with the sign of socialism, and build a real

The socialism of B52 (referring to Comrade Mao Zedong) replaces the feudal and autocratic socialism of B52, that is, social feudalism.

From the point of view of the national system: they attacked the people's democratic dictatorship system in our country, saying that "they put China's national

The domestic machine becomes a kind of meat grinder that kills each other and crushes each other."

Judging from the nature of the party: they attack the Chinese Communist Party as a "feudal autocratic patriarchal life".

From the point of view of the party leaders: they attacked the great leader Chairman Mao, saying that "he is not a real Marxist-Leninist

He is not a righteous person, but the largest feudalist in Chinese history who practiced the way of Confucius and Mencius, borrowed the skin of Marxism-Leninism, and practiced the law of Qin Shihuang.

tyrant. In fact, he has become the contemporary Qin Shihuang, and they publicly proposed: Down with the contemporary Qin Shihuang---B52.

From the perspective of the Cultural Revolution: what did they attack "rejected and attacked during the long-term struggle within the party and the Cultural Revolution

Senior cadres dare not speak out."

From the perspective of foreign relations: they attacked our party’s struggle against revisionism in the international arena, saying that “China and the Soviet Union have

stand. The whole Soviet Union. Our actions will be supported by the Soviet Union. "

From the perspective of political line, they attacked Chairman Mao's revolutionary line as "the country is rich and the people are poor", and the political line they want to implement is

The governance line is "the people are rich and the country is strong". They openly proposed to "replace other countries' rich people and poor countries with rich people and strong countries". In short, Lin Biao

The group's political program and political line are to slander and attack my country's socialist system as feudalism, and then

Under the guise of opposing feudalism, capitalism is used—"the people are rich and the country is strong."

Etc., etc.

The Lin Biao Group believes that they are facing a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to seize power, "After several years of preparation, our forces have

The level of ideology, organization, and military affairs has been greatly improved. ... the leadership of the revolution has historically fallen to our ship

at the head of the team. "

At noon on September 11, 1971, Comrade Mao Zedong planned to travel from Hangzhou to Shanghai in the middle of his southern tour, but suddenly changed his itinerary

Returning to Beijing made Lin Liguo's assassination plan come to nothing. After the situation was revealed, Lin Biao and Lin Liguo left in a hurry on September 13.

Fleeing, and eventually an air crash crashed in Mongolia, the plane crashed and people died. Known as the September 13th Incident.

We can look at the characteristics of the counter-revolution of the Lin Biao clique:

1. Oppose the Cultural Revolution and Comrade Mao Zedong;

2. Flattering the bureaucracy and revisionist forces;

3. Attempts to restore capitalism.

However, Deng Xiaoping's revisionism has all these characteristics. Deng Xiaoping said that the September 13 incident "objectively declared" the

The "bankruptcy of theory and practice" of the Great Chemical Revolution, in fact

After the September 13th Incident, Comrade Mao Zedong was hit hard and his health deteriorated. At the end of 1974, the bureaucracy recovered

With little vitality, I asked to find a representative who would protect my own interests. In 1975, Deng Xiaoping was appointed to the Political Bureau of the Central Committee

Chief and Chief of Staff of the Central Military Commission. He immediately began to purge the rebels and comprehensively rehabilitate (engage in "overturning the case"), implementing

The controversial "Four-Three Plan".

Deng Xiaoping carried out a large-scale purge of the key officials of the rebel faction.

regain the advantage. After the political backtracking, Deng Xiaoping began to backtrack the economy... A typical example is the

When transporting by the Dayton railway, he proposed to pay attention to the revolutionary effect, overcome the so-called factional differences between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and seek truth from facts.

Overkill must be overcorrected.

Afterwards, Deng Xiaoping showed his usual iron-fisted and even ruthless style, carrying out bloody suppression of grassroots rebels (such as Xuzhou),

After resolutely suppressing the so-called "troublemakers", they forcibly suppressed factional issues.

In May, Deng Xiaoping began to reform the steel industry again, also by forcibly cracking down on factional distinctions and establishing a strict

Rules and regulations, the "Twenty-One Industry" promulgated in September, these were all things that were severely criticized during the Cultural Revolution.

Immediately afterwards, Deng Xiaoping announced the launch of a comprehensive rehabilitative work to reverse the verdicts of bureaucrats who were criticized during the Cultural Revolution.

Greatly enhanced the strength of the party and government bureaucracy.

The significance of Deng Xiaoping's rectification is not only the "grasp everything to develop the economy" as said today, the most important thing is: the Cultural Revolution directly damaged the

Harm the interests of the bureaucracy and the army, these people are no longer willing to recognize Mao Zedong at least emotionally, so they naturally go back to find Mao Zedong.

Another "master" to represent his own interests, then this has become a good opportunity for the new Deng Xiaoping - as long as the old cadres are liberated,

If you deny the Cultural Revolution and the rebels, you can gain the support of the bureaucracy and the army, and gain the dominance after Mao Zedong's death!

From the early rectification by Deng Xiaoping, to the crushing of the so-called "Gang of Four" by Deng Xiaoping's close comrade-in-arms Hua Guofeng, and finally to the complete denial

The Cultural Revolution followed this line of thought. At the same time, the iron-fisted management of the economy and culture has greatly enhanced the power of the bureaucratic group.

——"Spark Handbook"

I have been in the party for more than 40 years, but because the bourgeois world outlook has not been reformed, I have degenerated and become the largest capitalist roader in the party.

A large number of facts exposed by the revolutionary masses enabled me to hold a mirror again to recognize my true face. i totally disappoint

I have fulfilled the long-term trust and expectation of the party and Chairman Mao in me. I look back on my past with a heavy heart. I would like to spend the rest of my life,

Repent and rehabilitate, be a new person, and try to use Mao Zedong Thought to transform my bourgeois worldview. How to deal with someone like me

Not too much. I promise never to reverse the verdict, and I never want to be an unrepentant capitalist roader. My best hope is to stay in the party,

I ask the party to assign me a small job when possible, and give me a chance to make up for it. I applaud the proletariat

Great victory of the Cultural Revolution.

——1967, Deng Xiaoping's "My Self-Report" (you can even find this strange article in Baidu Wenku)

"The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, after overthrowing Liu Shaoqi's counter-revolutionary bourgeois headquarters, overthrew the

Lin Biao and Chen Boda, the counter-revolutionary group, once again eliminated the greatest danger for the party and the country, and I couldn't help cheering the Cultural Revolution.

The great victory of life, the great victory of Mao Zedong Thought. "

"I reaffirmed my guarantee to the central government and never reversed the verdict."

——Letter from Deng Xiaoping to Mao Zedong

(Written by Deng Xiaoping) This so-called article on the "General Outline" was under the banner of "criticizing Lin" and "anti-Left" from beginning to end.

Attack the Cultural Revolution. What Lin Biao was promoting was an ultra-right revisionist line, but they called it an "ultra-rightist line" with ulterior motives.

"Left" line, and sensationally proposed that the so-called "Left" "poison" must be "thoroughly wiped out" before "safety" can emerge.

to establish a political situation of unity". Since these people have always stood on the extreme right, the entire Cultural Revolution has become a political phenomenon in their eyes.

"Extreme Left". Their so-called "anti-Left" means opposing Chairman Mao's Marxist-Leninist line. They "criticize Lin" as

False, denying the Cultural Revolution is true.

The article concocted by him is even more focused on attacking the Cultural Revolution for "throwing down good party cadres". On "General Outline"

His articles adhered to his will, slandering the masses for blind obedience, rebellion, and being fooled by "ultra-leftist" phrases.

While the unrepentant capitalist-roader in the party ordered this article to be concocted, he spread the following argument: "Cultural Greatness

Forget about all the problems in the revolution, don't think about it at all, and don't mention it. I have a bad memory, and I forgot all of them. "

In a few words, he fully expressed his hatred and resentment towards the Cultural Revolution.

The article he concocted declared: "We must use these three directives as the keynote to summarize the rich experience since the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.

experience, formulate specific policies for various tasks, use this general outline of work and various policies to guide the work in all aspects, and rectify the

surface work. Let me ask, you are now proposing to "summarize" the Cultural Revolution with the "Three Directives as the key link".

Didn't it mean that the summary of the Cultural Revolution at the Ninth and Tenth National Congresses of the Party doesn't count?

The article on the "General Outline" stated in one breath that nine aspects "need to be rectified", while the "key point" is the party's rectification, and the "key" is

leadership team. They clamored frantically that they wanted to overthrow the so-called "anti-Marxist class enemies" and "take back the leadership."

The "anti-Marxist class enemy" they refer to has a specific meaning of reaction, referring to the resolute implementation of Chairman Mao's revolutionary

The proletarian revolutionaries of the lifeline.

—— Tsinghua University, Peking University Great Criticism Group

"Self-Confession of Reversal and Restoration—Comment on an article prepared by the unrepentant capitalist-roader in the party"

Mao Zedong hoped to continue to consolidate the achievements of the Cultural Revolution through struggle in the cultural field. August 7, 1973, "People's

Daily News, which published Yang Rongguo's "Confucius—A Thinker Who Stubbornly Upheld Slavery", uncovered the criticism of Confucianism.

Prelude to thought. Soon various articles criticizing Confucianism, criticizing Confucius, praising Legalism, and praising Qin Shihuang began to emerge.

The campaign of "criticizing Lin Piao and Confucius" started. On January 18, 1974, with the approval of Mao Zedong, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China forwarded it to Comrade Jiang Qing

Presided over the selection of "Lin Biao and the Tao of Confucius and Mencius". In fact,

. After Deng Xiaoping came to power, he obliterated the progressive significance of this movement.

Mao Zedong hoped that Deng Xiaoping would affirm the Cultural Revolution and put forward the conclusion of "seven points for achievements and three points for mistakes". although

Before his comeback, Deng Xiaoping vowed to "never reverse the case", but at this time Deng Xiaoping disagreed with the "three to seven opening" (now the permanent

If the verdict is not reversed, I am afraid that only fools will believe it). On November 26, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Speech Points for Greetings".

He began to study in a timely manner and launched the campaign of "criticizing Deng and counteracting the Rightist style of overturning verdicts".

Comrade Mao Zedong hoped to change the direction of the wind and make the masses turn to the rebels, but bewitched by Deng Xiaoping's policies, many

The masses of society turned to blindly support the bureaucrats (which also just shows that there is no "personality cult").

As the bureaucratic revisionists are increasingly powerful, the capitalist roaders are strong, and the revolutionaries are weak and have little experience in struggle.

Insufficient, unable to unite more people, Mao Zedong was very worried. He knew that after his death, the revolutionaries might be powerless

In the end, the power of the proletariat may not be guaranteed. Under extreme anxiety, he wrote to Zhou Enlai:

tell the truth

Back then, when the aspirations were rewarded by the country, why were you afraid of dying?

Now that the world is popular all over the world, who will guard the country?

The business is not done, the body is tired, and the temples are already autumn.

You and I, bear the long-cherished wish and give it to Dongliu!

In 1976, the darkest year since the founding of New China came.

On January 14, 1976, Premier Zhou Enlai passed away. The faction to which the person who succeeds the Prime Minister belongs is likely to be the one that will be able to

In control of the political situation. Mao Zedong wanted to try his best to save the revolutionaries, and according to Mao Zedong's wishes, let Comrade Zhang Chunqiao come to power.

But Deng Xiaoping's bureaucratic group is not a fool, and it will definitely not agree, but Mao Zedong would not choose Deng Xiaoping. finally,

A person acceptable to both sides was pushed onto the stage of history——Hua Guofeng, then Minister of Public Security.

To put it simply, Hua Guofeng is more in line with the interests of bureaucrats. He is interested in revolutionaries, and at the same time his simple image,

Whether it is the party, government, civilian officials, or the workers' and peasants' army, the relationship is not bad (of course, they must be scolded miserably now). although

He did not agree with Mao Zedong's attitude towards the Cultural Revolution, but he still agreed to meet Mao Zedong's final bottom line and would not deny the Cultural Revolution.

The Great Revolution. Mao Zedong hoped that Hua Guofeng could unite with the revolutionaries and preserve a spark for advancing the revolution.

The prime minister's dispute reflects the lack of power of the revolutionaries and the strength of the capitalist roaders, suggesting that the fate of the revolutionaries will be

what will happen.

On the day of Qingming Festival on April 5, the mourning activities for Zhou Enlai quickly turned into

There was a violent demonstration and protest of nearly 2 million people. In fact, this incident has something to do with Deng Xiaoping.

Deng Xiaoping once said to Yang Shangkun: "During the Ching Ming Festival on April 5, someone decided to go to Tiananmen Square to send a wreath to the Prime Minister. This

It is a good opportunity to find a way to make things bigger and give the chairman a stimulus to prove that not everyone listens to him. "

After the April 5 incident, Hu Yaobang (former Premier of the State Council) said: "Xiaoping asked me to find some children of cadres and let them

Go to the workers to encourage them, and target Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao. But someone pointed the finger at the chairman, which is also

It's something we didn't expect. He also said: "Deng Xiaoping took a special car to Tiananmen Square to observe the movement in the square."

After I came back, I told me through my family that there are many people in the square, good job! But he lied that he went to Beijing Hotel for a haircut. "

——Shi Dongbing's "Short Spring and Autumn"

After Deng Xiaoping came to power, he was rehabilitated four or five times, saying that this was a just revolutionary movement of non-violent resistance, and it was a movement of the whole people against

It is an important and symbolic historical event with historical milestones against the "Gang of Four".

It is really meaningful, and it has the meaning of opening the way for you to come to power and restore!

His so-called "just non-violent disobedience" is actually smashing the cars and fire trucks of the police station and beating innocent people.

Young people, guards, ransacked the barracks of the People's Liberation Army, and then burned them!

His so-called "revolt of the whole people" is actually the reaction of the broad masses of revolutionaries after seeing such shameless counter-revolutionary acts.

for hatred.

His so-called "resisting the Gang of Four" is actually attacking and slandering Comrade Mao Zedong, posting various reactionary leaflets,

Spread reactionary poetry.

Check out the People's Daily report:

On April 5, this counter-revolutionary activity reached its climax. Around eight o'clock, a publicity vehicle of the Municipal Public Security Bureau

It was smashed, the car was overturned to the ground, and the body and horn were smashed flat. After nine o'clock, a crowd surrounded the entrance of the Great Hall of the People.

More than ten thousand people. When there were the most people in the square, it was estimated that there were nearly 100,000 people. Among them, except for a very small number of bad guys who caused troubles, the vast majority

Most of them are people passing by and watching. Some people are around the monument, most of them are concentrated on the west side of the square, the People's Congress

At the east gate of the hall. A dozen or so youths were besieged by rioters. They all had several big blood bags on their heads, and their faces were covered with blood.

Puffy and bleeding. The rioters shouted: "Kill him! Kill him!" A guard soldier came out to dissuade him,

Immediately, the rioters tore off the collar badges and cap badges, tore his clothes, and beat him until his face was covered in blood. These bad guys also

Huang Kuang said: "Who can control this situation, no one in the central government can control it, if he comes today, he won't be able to go back!"

…Hundreds of workers’ militiamen, in order to defend the Great Hall of the People, lined up on the corridor of the Great Hall of the People.

The bad guys cut it into several sections. These bad guys keep shouting reactionary slogans. Anyone who opposes them in the crowd will be punished by this gang.

The guy punched violently until his head was bleeding. After being beaten, some people were forced to kneel in front of the monument and "confessed their guilt".

...

At 12:30, soldiers on duty at Tiananmen Square lined up to defend the PLA barracks.

The bad guys who caused the trouble actually shouted provocatively: "People's soldiers stand with the people!" "Be deceived and innocent!"

A Shanghai brand car was overturned by them and burned to the ground. The firefighters and guards who were dispatched were blocked.

A fire truck was damaged. These bad guys said that fire fighting is "suppression of mass movement", and several firefighters were beaten

bleeding.

At 12:45, a team of people's police rushed to support, but was also blocked by bombardment. Several people's police hats

The rioters took it off and threw it into the air. Some people threw knives, daggers and other murder weapons into the people's police ranks.

A policeman was besieged.

In the afternoon of that day, the sabotage activities of this small group of counter-revolutionaries became more rampant. They burned it to the people on duty

The soldiers sent water, food, and cars from the public security department, a total of four vehicles. At about five o'clock, this group of bad guys rushed into the barracks again,

They took away and beat the guards at the door, smashed open the windows and doors on the ground floor, and looted everything in the house. radio,

Quilts, bed sheets, clothes, books, etc. were all thrown into the fire by these counter-revolutionaries, and the capital was burned and smashed

Dozens of bicycles belonged to the workers' militia. Black smoke billowed into the sky, and there was a clamor of counter-revolutionaries. The glass of the barracks is almost completely covered

Smash it, and then they set fire to the barracks.

——Reported by the workers, peasants and soldiers correspondent of "People's Daily" and the reporter of "People's Daily" on April 8, 1976

"The Counter-Revolutionary Political Incident in Tiananmen Square"

After the April 5th Incident, the Politburo defined the April 5th Movement as a counter-revolutionary riot, and no one died when dealing with it!

(Suppression is a lie.) Deng Xiaoping was dismissed from all positions in the party, and at the same time it was officially announced that Hua Guofeng was

Formally became Premier of the State Council of China and First Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In June, Mao Zedong's condition deteriorated sharply and he stopped receiving foreign guests. On June 15, Mao Zedong confronted Hua Guofeng and Ye Jianying

explain:

"...I have done two things in my life. One is fighting against Chiang Kai-shek for so many years and driving him to so many islands.

After the eighth year of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese were invited back to their hometowns. Not many disagree with this. only a few people,

The chattering in my ear is nothing more than letting me take back those few islands as soon as possible. Another thing you all know, is

It was to launch the Cultural Revolution. There are not many people who support this, and many people oppose it. These two things are not finished, this legacy

How to hand it over to the next generation? Peaceful diplomatic relations will not be achieved in turbulent diplomatic relations, if not, there will be bloody storms, what should you do?

God only knows. "

On September 9, 1976, Comrade Mao Zedong passed away.

We find that it seems that the death of the revolutionary teachers is accompanied by the arrival of the revisionist wolves. Marx and Engel

After the death of Stalin, there was the revisionism of Bernstein and Kautsky, and after the death of Stalin, there was the Soviet revisionist traitor clique

After the death of Mao Zedong, the hungry Deng Xiaoping counter-revolutionary group began to counterattack, and they

Their plan was a quick success. Hua Guofeng betrayed the proletariat and failed Chairman Mao's expectations.

On October 5, Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying, and Li Xiannian convened a meeting of the Politburo, excluding the revolutionaries, and formulated the

The plan will be implemented by Wang Dongxing, Director of the General Office of the Central Committee. On the evening of October 6, the coup d'état discussed the fifth edition of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong"

Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, and Yao Wenyuan were invited to a meeting in the name of the proof of the volume, and the three were arrested immediately, followed by Jiang Qing. soon

Other revolutionaries such as Mao Yuanxin, Chi Qun, and Xie Jingyi were also arrested, and the Shanghai militia was destroyed immediately.

However, Hua Guofeng was forced to step down by Deng Xiaoping before he had been in office for many years, and a full-scale revisionism began

Restoration. On January 25, 1981, the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China sentenced Comrades Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao to death (later

Chen Yun and others who held different opinions because of accommodating high-level officials changed the sentence to death with a reprieve, and later changed to life imprisonment), Comrade Wang Hongwen

Life imprisonment, Comrade Yao Wenyuan was sentenced to 20 years in prison, and the four were labeled as the "Gang of Four."

What is hilarious is that their "crime" has changed from Hua Guofeng's "taking the capitalist road and engaging in dividing the land to work alone,

Household production" (see the documentary "Iron Evidence-Fujian Military and Civilian Angrily Denounce the "Gang of Four"", by the Fujian Province of the Communist Party of China

Filmed by the Committee) became Deng Xiaoping's "following the road of the people's commune, anti-party, anti-society, and anti-revolution."

The picture shows the people bewitched by the bureaucracy

Celebrating "Smashing the 'Gang of Four'"

Comrade Mao Zedong had been criticizing the Central Cultural Revolution Group for its wrong style of not contacting the masses. July 17, 1974

At a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee on the 12th, he pointed to Comrades Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing, and Yao Wenyuan and said: "You must pay attention to

I mean, don't make it into a small sect of four. "

Comrade Mao Zedong did not want them to engage in sectarianism (in fact, the four of them were not particularly close). He also emphasized

Said that this problem must be solved - if it is not resolved in the first half of the year, it will be resolved in the second half of the year; if it is not resolved this year, it will be resolved next year.

decision.

On December 23 of the same year, on the eve of the Fourth National People's Congress, Wang Hongwen took the opportunity to meet with Comrade Mao Zedong in Changsha. hair

Comrade Mao Zedong criticized Wang Hongwen in front of Zhou Enlai: "You don't want to engage in the Gang of Four, you don't want to engage in sects, and you need to engage in sects."

wrestling. ... I advised you several times not to get together with several people, but you just couldn't listen! This time, since you

If you come, just stay for three more days, think about it, and write me a written inspection! "

In fact, Mao Zedong did not intend to smash the "Gang of Four" at all, but only criticized it as a mistake.

Some comrades, mainly old comrades, whose thinking is still in the era of the bourgeois-democratic revolution,

Fate does not understand, has conflicts, and even opposes. Regarding the Cultural Revolution, if you don’t understand what it means, you have two attitudes,

One is dissatisfaction, and the other is to settle accounts.

Why didn't Lenin stop? After the democratic revolution, workers, poor peasants and middle peasants did not stop the revolution, but some

Party members, however, did not dare to move forward. Some became frightened and opposed the revolution. Why? I have become a high official, I must protect the official

Interests. With a good house, a car, and a salary, you are more powerful than capitalists. The socialist revolution must revolutionize itself

on the head.

To carry out the socialist revolution, if you don’t know where the bourgeoisie is, it’s in the Communist Party, and the party takes the road of capitalism

The faction in power—the capitalist roaders—is still on the way.

Will there still be a revolution in a hundred years? Will there be a revolution after a thousand years? There is always a revolution. always have one

Different people feel oppressed, petty officials, students, workers, peasants, soldiers, don't like big men oppressing them, so revolution

Woolen cloth. After 10,000 years, the contradiction will disappear? Why can't I see it? I can see it.

The Cultural Revolution entered a stage of rapid development after the bottom-up seizure of power in Shanghai in January 1967. in Shanghai and many other

In urban factories, neighborhoods, and city limits, rebel workers criticize party revisionist officials and replace them with their own representatives.

Instead. Hundreds of

Ten thousand people began to play a more direct role in economic and state affairs. Similarly, revolutionary committees were established in many areas of the countryside

Associations, based on self-organized mass organizations of workers and peasants in local factories and shops.

Because literature and art originate from people's hearts, minds and imaginations, and are conveyed to people in a different way from politics, it is important to maintain

A powerful weapon for the status quo or to transform society. Therefore, the Cultural Revolution destroyed the "four olds" - the old ideas of Confucianism and the bourgeoisie, the old

Culture, old manners, old habits—a call for an explosion of new music, theater, ballet, painting, short stories, and poetry

cleared the way. This helps build socialism. These new literary and artistic works are based on the rich life of Chinese workers and peasants.

Based on their experiences, they create for their mutual benefit.

In order to appeal to the hundreds of millions of semi-literate workers and peasants, the emphasis was on the visual arts, especially film and theater productions. this

In addition, the new encouragement of non-literary literature and art led to the revival of folk art, especially in minority areas.

In the field of fine arts, China held four national exhibitions between 1972 and 1975. In Beijing, they attracted

7.8 million viewers, a scale that had never been reached before the Cultural Revolution. Sixty-five percent of the exhibited works are from all over the country

created by workers, farmers and other amateurs. They include oil paintings, watercolors, sculptures, picture books, charcoal drawings and cutouts

Paper.

Numerous official and unofficial forms of journalism sprouted during the Cultural Revolution. There are 542 official magazines nationwide,

Periodicals and 182 newspapers are in circulation. Common people published more than 10,000 unofficial newspapers and pamphlets, 900 in Beijing alone

publications. The big-character posters plastering streets, factories and school walls are the antithesis of the state's tightly controlled media. they allow

Millions of people are debating and expressing themselves on an unprecedented scale.

According to a woman who lived in Shanghai during the Cultural Revolution, her neighborhood library had all kinds of Western literature. new

This book contains an introduction to the political background of the book and a discussion of the author's views. In order to help readers understand the old society, feudal literature

Also appears on the bookshelf.

Since primary education is already universal in urban areas, the aim is to provide at least five years of primary education in rural areas. state religion

Education funds were reinvested in rural areas, and between 1966 and 1976 primary school enrollment in rural areas increased from 116 million to

1.5 billion. Educated local villagers are recruited as "barefoot teachers" in villages who build their own

new school teaching. Secondary school enrollments increased from 15 million to 58 million as a result of new secondary schools or additions to primary schools.

Representatives of worker and peasant organizations went into these schools to provide educational leadership and practical advice to students and teachers.

Textbooks also changed during the Cultural Revolution. Regions have attempted to write their own textbooks, linking them to local problems and

environment connected. For example, schoolchildren in Nanjing used a book about the recently completed Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. school by learning

Revolutionary committees composed of students, teachers, nearby residents, members of the workers' propaganda team, and members of the People's Liberation Army replaced the professional managers.

manage.

Before the Cultural Revolution, primary school graduates had to take entrance exams to enter secondary schools, which formed the entire educational track

System... The Cultural Revolution abolished this system. All children have access to lower secondary education, and each secondary school has different

students with strengths and family backgrounds.

In the middle schools visited by these American scholars, the middle school curriculum was similar: Chinese language and literature, mathematics, basic agriculture and engineering

professional knowledge, sports and military training, revolutionary art and culture, historical geography and politics, including Mao Zedong Thought and Marx

Leninist Studies.

A combination of open-book and closed-book examinations, as well as teacher, peer and student self-evaluation, are used to measure student progress.

In addition, most middle school students in Beijing spend one month a year studying in the school workshop or in factories outside the school, and working in agricultural production

The team works for a month. During these periods, students read and discuss science books relevant to the work they are doing.

Individual and collective creativity is encouraged in both learning and work. The work-study program develops people who are ready to serve the community

Middle school students who contribute to a socialist society.

The old national college entrance examination was abolished during the Cultural Revolution. Applicants are not from fresh high school students, but from excellent young

Selected among workers, farmers and soldiers who have two or more years of practical work experience behind them. Every province, district, city, industry

Both factories and communes received lists of applicants to fill out. College admissions committees then make final selections based on extensive interviews.

These worker-peasant-soldier trainees are more mature, more motivated, and have a better understanding of pressing issues in Chinese society.

Teaching methods have also undergone fundamental changes. According to one professor, the old infusion approach—“We thought we

Knowledge can be injected into students, just like patients. ”—replaced by independent study and classroom discussions. One student commented

Arguing that while books are important, "it's more important to us...to learn to think for ourselves, to use our brains.

Otherwise, we won't be able to understand what theory really means and how it relates to practice, and we won't be able to solve the problems we encounter. "

The Cultural Revolution also brought changes to university management. Workers and PLA servicemen are assigned to universities to ensure students do not

Learn in isolation and acquire knowledge that is not relevant to the needs of the Chinese people. Students also interacted with workers, soldiers, professors and professional educators

The authors served together on the Revolutionary Council and jointly managed the university.

In 1977, the college entrance examination was resumed, which over time brought serious problems such as vicious competition. According to one scholar, in the 20th century

In the early 1980s, some provinces put too much emphasis on "standardized" secondary school tests and curricula that did not meet the needs of the rural population, resulting in dropouts.

The enrollment rate is over 80%. Over the years, a large number of middle and high schools have closed in the name of "improving quality."

The Cultural Revolution called on the Chinese people to reject their narrow self-interests and embrace their collective interests in all fields. "for

"Serve the people" is more than a slogan. During the Cultural Revolution, workers rejected material rewards; students stopped chasing privileges

Instead of careers, education was integrated with the lives of workers and farmers; doctors left the cities and settled in the countryside.

The spirit of internationalism and support for the struggles of people around the world was an important part of the Cultural Revolution. held in 1968

Mass rallies were held in support of French students, workers and the American black liberation movement following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

At demonstrations in support of the Vietnam Liberation War, portraits of Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh were often side-by-side. During the Cultural Revolution

During this period, the Chinese Communist Party intensified its criticism of Soviet revisionist traitors at the national level.

After reform and opening up, collective values almost disappeared, and narrow patriotism replaced internationalism.

During the Cultural Revolution, women's liberation made great achievements. Many enter high-paying jobs in industry,

Develop into a political leader who challenges the notion of women's inferiority complex.

More and more women are working in heavy industry, joining the militia and the People's Liberation Army, and becoming technicians, leading textile factories

Guiding duties. Half of doctors and rural "barefoot doctors" are women.

In many communes, "Iron Maidens" were organized, and women workers became more confident in demanding equal pay for equal work as men. Complete

Women's study groups and leadership development programs further the process. In some rural counties, women in leadership positions

The number is three times that of before the Cultural Revolution. As women became political activists during the Cultural Revolution, more women joined the party and the revolution

appointed committees, or to move into higher leadership positions.

With the development of the Cultural Revolution, managers and full-time cadres of all industrial enterprises need to work regularly or in rotation in the workshop.

do. A person with an intellectual background is trained in a specific skill. Members of the revolutionary committees and administrators in the factory participated in the labor

activities and visit the shop floor periodically to assess conditions and make decisions. Workers, technicians and managers through the "three combinations" group

Weave together to solve technical problems and innovate in production.

Political study has always been part of the daily routine. Mao's work is not to be studied as an abstract theory, but for research,

Solve factory production problems and political problems.

Many factories established "amateur schools" where hundreds of workers learned technology, politics, and culture. because many women

Recently moved into factories, these in-factory training courses provided them with the opportunity to enter high-skilled jobs.

These shifts were wiped out as the Deng Xiaoping regime consolidated power in the late 1970s. Under the new "management responsibility

Under the "management" system, all power rests with factory managers. They decide how to organize production, hire or fire workers, pay

How much money the workers will make, and how much they (the new boss) will be paid.

The description of the Shanghai Electric Machinery Factory in 1970 in the 1976 documentary "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain" by the French film crew:

The working hours of the "production link" are 7:30-11:30 and 13:00-17:00 every day, there are rest days, and there is no overtime work unless there are special circumstances.

"Salary" is 42-126 yuan (equivalent to 3360-10080 yuan today). Wages are paid according to seniority rather than seniority.

"Attendance" In the 1960s, there was a punch card system, and wages were deducted for being late and leaving early. In the 1970s, the punch card system was abolished because of the belief in workers' self-consciousness.

"Three-in-one system" workers participate in management; leaders participate in labor and negotiate with workers to formulate production plans; indicators are determined by workers, technicians,

Lead consultations. This greatly enhances the labor efficiency of the factory.

The “Medical and Educational” factory has a medical center, and the workshop has a nursing station. Workers (including their families) have a physical examination once a week. General pregnant women expecting to give birth

Reduced work for the first 6 months, temporarily removed from work 2 weeks ago and stayed with pay. The total maternity leave is 56 days, which can be extended to

77 days. After the maternity leave is over, the children can be sent to the kindergarten in the factory to be taken care of by special personnel. Mothers have 1 hour breastfeeding time at noon.

"Factory Politics" Workers are free to engage in "democratic discussions" and post big-character posters expressing work problems or criticizing leadership mistakes. lead

Most of them are old workers.

"Factory Culture" The factory often holds cultural performances. Workers have an art team and can rehearse performances by themselves. some factories according to the workers

Interested in starting an evening school.

(The author is not saying that all factories must be like this. There are also some factories with low motivation of workers. But only from the fruitful results mentioned above

Judging from the results, the self-consciousness and enthusiasm of workers must be very high, otherwise where do these data come from? Besides, this enviable system,

Isn't it a far cry from today's corporate oppression and exploitation? )

—— "One Hundred Whys"

The Cultural Revolution brought about major social changes in rural areas. Encouraged by the Red Guards in rural secondary schools, many

Peasants in the area formed independent mass organizations. This movement puts forward the traditional rural political culture, that is, everything is subject to authority.

a positive challenge.

Beginning in late 1967, a new power structure began to replace the old party institutions in many regions. Mainly from the poor

Mass organizations composed of peasants elected candidates to join the newly established village revolutionary committees. These committees conduct day-to-day

lead. Encouraged by urban cultural workers, farmers grew up as painters, writers, and performers. Massively expanded education and healthcare

Services bring direct benefits to the lives of people in rural areas.

Agricultural mechanization was vigorously promoted during the Cultural Revolution. In agricultural areas on the outskirts of Shanghai, the amount of mechanically cultivated land increased from 1965

From 17% in 1972 to 76% in 1972. The rural industrialization program initiated during the Great Leap Forward accelerated. By the end of the Cultural Revolution,

There are nearly 800,000 rural industrial enterprises, plus 90,000 small hydropower stations, accounting for 15% of China's total industrial output value. If there is no rural teaching

These advances would not have been possible without the rapid expansion of the education system. The Cultural Revolution trained agricultural experts,

Technicians and skilled workers.

After 1976, these social and economic changes in rural China reversed sharply. The achievements of the Dazhai Brigade were criticized as fraudulent

Behavior. The communes and collectives were dismantled, and the land was distributed to peasant families, which was called the "household joint production responsibility contract system". cadre

and their relatives, friends, and cronies to buy tractors, trucks, wells, pumps, processing equipment, and other decades-old

Comes collective property accumulated through the hard work of all its members. Privatization also marked the end of the rural collective health care system.

One of the most dynamic innovations of the Cultural Revolution was the "barefoot doctor" system, which helped narrow the gap between rural and urban areas.

gaps in health services. By the mid-1970s, more than one million (four times as many as in 1965) nurses were working in rural

village work. Many of them are educated urban youths, part of the "Mountains Down to the Countryside" movement.

Urban hospitals and medical schools turned their attention to the countryside, establishing medical centers and staffing communes. commune hospital

Or the clinic served two purposes: as a treatment center for the seriously ill, and as a training center for barefoot doctors and midwives. go through

Six months to a year of initial training, and they return for follow-up courses during the slack. They continued to work in the fields and were led by his

Our commune pays the school fees.

At the same time, an urban and industrial version of the barefoot doctors - the Red Medical Corps - was established. After completing the basic courses and regular

After continuing the course, they were assigned to the factory clinic and took care of the health of their colleagues.

The end of the Cultural Revolution led to a dramatic decline in the rural healthcare system. In 1981, the Deng Xiaoping regime abandoned barefoot medical

Health system. Doctors set up their own private clinics, pushing medical costs far beyond what most villagers could afford. set

After the disbandment of the NGO in 1983, rural health insurance disappeared.

The decade of the Cultural Revolution was a decade of economic glory:

1. Agricultural food production maintained a relatively stable growth. Farmland water conservancy projects supporting Jackie Chan, the level of agricultural modernization equipment

There has been a big improvement. Comparing 1976 with 1965: the output of tractors and walk-behind tractors is equivalent to 19

6.7 times and 66 times that of 1965, one-third of the country's arable land has been cultivated by machinery;

The quantity has increased by 4.9 times, and the area of electromechanical irrigation has more than doubled; the output of agricultural chemical fertilizers has increased by 2.1 times, and every mu of chemical fertilizer

The amount of application has increased by 2.1 times; the electricity consumption per mu has increased by 4.7 times; the number of agricultural trucks has increased by 3.3 times;

Grain production has increased by 183.6 billion catties, and in the context of rapid population growth, per capita production has increased by 100% over the same period

twelve o'clock one.

2. A number of large-scale industrial enterprises with advanced technology have been established. After Daqing Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield and Daqing Oilfield were successively developed.

Hong Kong Oilfield. In 1976, my country's crude oil output was 6.7 times that of 1965, and my country leaped from an oil-poor country to a self-sufficient country

The petrochemical industry is also rising rapidly in oil-producing countries. In 1973, thirteen sets of large-scale advanced fertilizer production equipment were imported from abroad.

The total production capacity is 3.57 million tons of synthetic ammonia and 5.8 million tons of urea. Large-scale chemical and chemical fiber production introduced at the same time

Equipment has also been installed and constructed in Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoyang, Changshou and other places. During this period, in terms of metallurgical industry, a new Panzhi

Hua Iron and Steel Plant, Jiuquan Iron and Steel Plant, Chengdu Seamless Steel Tube Plant, Guizhou Aluminum Plant and other important enterprises. In order to solve the problem of steel varieties, Wuhan

The iron and steel company also introduced advanced 1.7-meter rolling mill engineering equipment from abroad. In terms of machinery industry, Hubei Second Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was built

Factory, Sichuan Dazu Automobile Manufacturing Factory, Sichuan Deyang Second Heavy Machinery Factory, Shaanxi Fuping Rolling Factory and a large number of enterprises. coal industry

On the one hand, large coal mines such as Liupanshui in Guizhou, Baodingshan in Sichuan, Furongshan in Sichuan, and Yanzhou in Shandong have been built. In the power industry, the key

A number of hydroelectric and thermal power plants have been set up in Liujiaxia, Gansu, and Danjiangkou, Hubei. The famous Gezhouba large-scale hydropower station and equipment imported from abroad

The Tangshan Douhe Power Plant also started construction. Equipment has also been installed and constructed in Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoyang, Changshou and other places. exist

During this period, in the metallurgical industry, Panzhihua Iron and Steel Plant, Jiuquan Iron and Steel Plant, Chengdu Seamless Steel Tube Plant, Guizhou Aluminum Plant and other important

enterprise. In order to solve the problem of steel varieties, Wuhan Iron and Steel Company also introduced advanced 1.7-meter rolling mill engineering equipment from abroad. mechanical

In terms of industry, Hubei Second Automobile Manufacturing Plant, Sichuan Dazu Automobile Manufacturing Factory, Sichuan Deyang Second Heavy Machinery Factory, Shaanxi

A large number of enterprises such as Fuping Rolling Plant. In terms of the coal industry, Liupanshui in Guizhou, Baoding Mountain in Sichuan, Furong Mountain in Sichuan, Yanzhou in Shandong have been built.

and other large coal mines. In terms of the power industry, a number of hydroelectric and thermal power plants have been built, including Liujiaxia in Gansu and Danjiangkou in Hubei. Famous

The Gezhouba large-scale hydropower station in China and the Tangshan Douhe Power Plant with equipment imported from abroad have also started construction.

3. Some inland railway trunk lines and the Yangtze River Bridge have been built. In July 1970, Jiaozhi was built with a total length of 890 kilometers.

Wire. In 1971, the 1,085-kilometer Chengdu-Kunming Line opened to traffic. Then the entire 209-kilometer Dajiao Line also

In full swing. In addition, the Xiangyu line was built, and another railway was built at Ankang on this line to connect with Yangping on Baocheng. North China

The district continued to build the Jingyuan (Beijing to Shanxi Yuanping) line, and also built the Tong (county) Tuo (Zitou) line. The total length is 6,700 meters, with

The world-advanced double-layer railway and highway Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge started construction in 1959 and was successfully completed in 1968.

In addition, in 1974, long-term oilfields from Daqing Oilfield to Qinhuangdao, from Qinhuangdao to Beijing, and from Shandong Linyi to Nanjing were built successively.

away from the oil pipeline. In terms of post and telecommunications, a 1,800-way carrier communication line with a total length of more than 1,700 kilometers was built in 1976.

Communication trunk lines and microwave communication trunk lines connecting more than 20 provinces and municipalities across the country. Beijing and Shanghai have each built a satellite ground station.

4. Significant achievements have also been made in science and technology. Following the successful explosion of my country's first atomic bomb on October 16, 1964,

Then, on June 17, 1967, my country successfully exploded its first hydrogen bomb. On September 23, 1969, our country

The first successful underground nuclear test. In terms of space technology, in October 1966, my country's first test launch of nuclear missiles

success. On April 24, 1970, my country successfully launched the first artificial earth satellite. November 2, 1975

On the 16th, the artificial earth satellite launched was successfully recovered according to the scheduled plan, making my country the third country after the United States and the Soviet Union to be able to recover satellites.

country of stars. During this period, my country's agricultural science and technology personnel successfully cultivated a batch of first-generation indica hybrid rice varieties in 1972.

Increase the yield per mu by about 20%.

The decade of the Cultural Revolution was a glorious decade for diplomacy. In October 1971, in

At the twenty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, the restoration of our

country's legitimate seat in the United Nations. In February 1972, U.S. President Nicholas

Kexon visited China and issued a Sino-US joint communiqué in Shanghai, thus declaring the

The complete bankruptcy of the imperialist policy of isolating our country. By the end of 1976,

The number of countries that have established diplomatic relations with my country has increased from 49 at the end of 1965 to

One hundred and eleven, our friends are all over the world, economic, trade and cultural exchanges

to increasingly expanding. The decade of the Cultural Revolution was the most glorious period in the diplomatic history of New China.

Brilliant decade.

The "Resolution Concerning Certain Issues Concerning the History of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" fabricated under the control of Deng Xiaoping was to "completely negate the Cultural Revolution

fate", and unable to completely erase these tangible achievements made during the Cultural Revolution, they made up a saying: "All these

It is not the result of the "Cultural Revolution"", but "due to the whole party and the broad masses of workers, peasants, PLA commanders, intellectuals,

The common struggle of intellectual youth and cadres has limited the destruction of the "Cultural Revolution" to a certain extent."

"The whole party and the broad masses of workers, peasants, PLA commanders, intellectuals, young intellectuals, and cadres" have nothing to do with cultural

Was it a "common struggle" with the revolution, or was it an active participation with unprecedented zeal? Can Deng Xiaoping be more specific?

Which of the innumerable achievements of the Cultural Revolution was due to the "common struggle" of its participants against the Cultural Revolution and

How to "carry out a common struggle" and how to achieve "a certain degree of restriction"? Deng Xiaoping couldn't even mention one of them.

The historical fact is that during the ten years of the Cultural Revolution, among the 900 million people, only a very small number of people, such as Zhang Zhixin, expressed their

Even though Deng Xiaoping had extreme hatred in his heart, he repeatedly expressed his support for the Cultural Revolution. thousand

The true and irrefutable historical fact is that it was during the Cultural Revolution that the broad masses of the proletariat and working people, the revolutionary

Intellectuals radiated unprecedented revolutionary enthusiasm and actively participated in the struggle to criticize the bourgeoisie, making the collectivism of communism and heroism

Heroism ideology has been carried forward, and selfless labor for the construction of socialism has created one miracle after another.

——Jin Cao's "The Fabrication That Reverses Black and White, The Sinister and Unpredictable Design——Review of Xu Jiatun's Memoirs of Hong Kong"

Today's history textbooks say that "without the Cultural Revolution, my country's socialist construction would have made great and many achievements",

This statement is extremely absurd and vulnerable. We can easily see that the fact is that

! Everything is divided into two and has two sides. The Cultural Revolution has a positive side and a negative side.

There is an extreme aspect; there is a destructive aspect, and there is also a strengthening aspect. If you only see the destruction of the previous few years and completely deny it, it is really

I don't know what to say!

Overall, !

Yes, the national nature of our country:

. We analyze one by one:

As early as in the first unit, we introduced how many workers and peasants representatives there are in the so-called party congress, and then we also saw

A series of revisionist theories advocated by the Party with Characteristics and a series of revisionist policies promoted. Needless to say,

. In addition, you can feel again, has the Communist Party of today propagated Marxism-Leninism to workers and peasants?

(I'm talking about the original "Marxism-Leninism" instead of "characteristic socialism")? no, they're done

All dwarfed Marxist-Leninist Mao, so where do you say they want to develop party members?

Among the deputies to the National People's Congress in 2013, the party, government, military, bureaucratic and bourgeoisie accounted for 64%, private capital accounted for 23%, and advanced knowledge

Molecular and technical personnel accounted for 9%, and grassroots workers, peasants and soldiers accounted for only 4%...

Its ownership, actual use rights, and final decision-making power are undoubtedly completely controlled by the party, government, military, and enterprise.

Owned by a unified ruling group.

Note that the fact that state-owned capital holds the lifeline of the economy does not mean that "public ownership is the main body". Public ownership of the means of production has long since disappeared.

If everything is lost, today's "state-owned enterprises" can no longer be counted as public enterprises.

China today is not a colonized country, or a country that has been colonized, but a

(Russia is not good enough, Russia has a strong military, but

economic ups and downs, general depression). In recent years, China has built aircraft carriers, developed aviation and aerospace technology, and dispatched armed

Personnel participated in joint law enforcement on the Mekong River, dispatched fleets to the South China Sea, the Middle East... It is not difficult to see that,

. In contrast, except for the United States, Britain, France, Russia and other countries

Other than that, no country has the independent sovereign status of China in military, political and economic terms.

understand more deeply,

See past and present clearly!

To judge whether China is an imperialist country, we must first judge whether China is a capitalist country—Mark

Si said: Private ownership of the means of production is the foundation of capitalism, wage labor is the core of capitalist production relations, capitalism

A capitalist society is built on both. In China, since the restoration in 1976, private ownership of the means of production has been restored.

At that time, wage labor had completely swept the country. therefore, .

The "characteristic" of China is that the capital group in power is a state-owned capital group rather than a private capital force. just

Because of this, capitalism with Chinese "characteristics" is a deformed capitalism, or

, which is capitalism of the worst kind, because it tries to completely expropriate

All means of working class resistance.

That being the case, . This is because the expansion of capital requires monopoly,

Monopoly is the inevitable result of free competition. Every rising capitalist country has developed to a certain stage, that is, the

In the stage of financial oligopoly, it has to face the development of other early capitalist countries (that is, imperialist countries) that have already developed.

righteous countries) compete for resources and compete for markets. This was the case with World War I and World War II. this is a person

The will is the objective law of transfer.

On the one hand, China's bourgeoisie is currently facing a serious crisis of overproduction (steel is most obvious: 900 million

tons of production capacity and only about 600 million tons of domestic market), it has to rely on expanding its exports and finding new

market to alleviate this contradiction. Already heavily dependent on imports for its resources (e.g. oil, iron ore), it

. It is under great pressure to "go out".

De-capacity is to eliminate excess production capacity,

effectively bankrupting small businesses, further exacerbating

monopoly. In early 2016, the Central Economic Work Conference proposed

The target task of resolving excess steel production capacity: from 2016

Starting in 2019, it will take another 5 years to reduce crude steel production capacity by 100 million

to 150 million tons. The task for 2016 is to remove

The capacity is 45 million tons, and the iron and steel removal has been completed by September

80% of the capacity target. The task of reducing production capacity in the steel industry,

About 2 million steelworkers will lose their jobs. government for

In order to alleviate the outbreak of the unemployment crisis, the 2016 fiscal allocation

$100 billion in unemployment benefits for unemployed workers,

But this is far from solving the employment difficulties faced by workers.

The task of the coal industry in 2016 is to reduce production capacity by 250 million

tons, which is a direct result of the reduction in steel production capacity.

——Beida Mahui "The History of the Republic"

on the other hand,

. This is the trend of state-owned capital reform after the 18th National Congress:

Equity diversification to expand the amount of capital controlled by state-owned capital, so that limited state-owned capital can use leverage to

More and bigger things, thus changing the management model of SASAC from asset management to capital management, and finally transformed into a similar

Large financial oligopoly capital like Wall Street Investment Bank, in order to compete for more voice in the world. So, Chinese

If capitalism wants to develop further in the future, it must obtain

Have their own living space. This is not a question of whether it has the ability, but whether it will survive and develop

question. .

The bourgeoisie around the world have already realized what a rising China means: the United States announced its strategy in a high-profile manner

With the readjustment of the focus and the return to the Asia-Pacific region, Chinese and American scholars are already discussing the so-called "new type of major power relationship"

(It seems that before World War I and World War II, people did not know how to discuss this kind of relationship. In fact, the so-called "big power relationship" is

relations between imperialist countries, and the so-called "new type" is nothing but self-deception).

Whether China is moving towards imperialism and whether China is rising are the same proposition. in the bourgeoisie

A rising China under power will only be an imperialist China. It is precisely the development of capitalism that forces it not to

We have to move toward imperialism. but

Next we review Lenin's definition of imperialism:

Monopoly organization, financial oligarchy, capital export, economic colonization, international monopoly alliance.

According to official statistics, state-owned capital groups once employed about a quarter of the country's labor force in 2005, creating

Produce about 1/3 of the national output value, and obtain nearly 1/2 of the profits of enterprises above designated size in the country! Its relative status in recent years

On the surface it looks like a decline: in 2009 it employed about a fifth of the workforce and produced about a quarter of the country's

Production value and about 1/4 profit. However, the profits of PetroChina and Sinopec alone in 2010 exceeded that of that year.

The sum of the profits of the top 500 private enterprises! Its degree of concentration and scale are actually constantly improving, reaching the level of other

A single monopoly group of any world power has never had such a high degree of concentration.

From 2001 to 2017, among the top 500 international monopoly enterprises, the number of Chinese enterprises increased from 12 to 115, second only to

132 in the United States. Among them, the total turnover of 109 enterprises accounted for 22% of the world's top 500, and 55% of China's GDP in 2016.

The total assets of the four major state-owned commercial banks in 2017 were nearly 90 trillion yuan, the total income of the year was nearly 2.5 trillion yuan, and the net profit

profit of nearly 900 billion yuan. By the end of 2017, there were still very few consumer finance companies in China, only 25, but even

Even the strongest bank among them is crushed in all aspects compared with the four major banks. Therefore, China's financial industry has formed

became a high degree of monopoly. What's more serious is that China's four major banks are directly under the Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance, and their equity is firmly established.

Held by Central Huijin Corporation and China Investment Corporation—there are four largest banks in China formally, but in fact, only

One - under bureaucratic capital.

China is obviously already exporting commodities, and its export share is as high as the world's largest. As for capital exports,

Take the Asian Infrastructure Investment Corporation created by the China Special Party as an example. It was established in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Tajikistan only at the beginning of 2016.

The total export capital of the four countries of Ukraine is 700 million US dollars. As of February 2018, the AIIB's $4.2 billion in project loans leveraged

Funding of more than 200 billion U.S. dollars.

In addition to the AIIB, the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, which officially started in 2015, has directly exported capital to 49 countries.

In 2015 alone, US$17.83 billion was outsourced; Chinese Premier Li Keqiang further

It will be promoted and written into the Prime Minister's government work report to become China's main external economic strategy. As of March 2021,

China has signed 200 cooperation documents on the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" with 141 countries and 31 international organizations.

For another example, in September 2018, the Featured Party announced that it would invest $60 billion in capital to Africa. Not only for Asia, Africa and Latin America

The country is crazy about exporting capital, and the output to the old capitalist countries is also quite large (refer to the German Marxist-Leninist Party

"On the Emergence of the New Imperialist State").

With the support and encouragement of policies, China's capital export is increasing day by day. Since 2005, China’s foreign direct investment

The capital flow has continued to grow for 10 consecutive years, reaching US$145.67 billion in 2015, more than 13 times that of 2005, surpassing the daily

Japan, after the United States, ranked second in the world for the first time; at the same time, China's foreign investment surpassed the attraction of foreign capital for the first time and began

Entering the stage of net capital export, China became a net capital exporter for the first time. In 2016, China conducted a total of 164 countries and

7,961 overseas enterprises in the region made non-financial direct investment, with a net foreign direct investment of US$170.11 billion.

Since 2008, China has set off a frenzy of mergers and acquisitions of overseas companies. As of the end of June 2014, China's mergers and acquisitions of overseas companies

5,270 cases, with an amount of 337 billion US dollars, second only to the United States, ranking second. China's monopoly capital has begun to grow into an international monopoly

off capital. At the same time, China's financial capital has provided a large amount of funds to support China's industrial capital to acquire foreign capital,

China's financial capital began to become an international oligarch.

...

On July 11, 2014, China led the establishment of the BRICS New Development Bank...On November 8, 2014,...

Establish the "Silk Road Fund". ...On January 16, 2016, the "AIIB" was established.

In this way, China uses huge funds to mobilize more funds from other countries, lends to Asian, African and Latin American countries, and then allows them to

They use loans to pay Chinese companies for infrastructure construction. China, on the one hand, through interest and construction profits

Profit, and not use the Chinese government debt, but use the government debt of semi-colonial countries to stimulate China's economy;

At the same time, China controls semi-colonial governments by saddling them with unpayable debts. This is right after World War II

With the neo-imperialist colonial policy adopted by the United States, China began to rely on its own powerful capitalist economy to compete with the United States.

Nationalism competes for interests and carves up the world together.

...

Through a series of measures of bureaucratic monopoly capital and private monopoly capital, China began to carry out large-scale capital

export, established economic hegemony, financial hegemony and currency hegemony, and gradually became the second largest imperial power after the United States.

Righteous country.

——Beida Mahui "The History of the Republic"

In order to strengthen political and military cooperation at the same time, Chinese social-imperialism established the Emerging Imperialist Power as early as 2001.

The international group "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" (hereinafter referred to as "SCO"), an international group of Italian countries, has 8 members and 4 observers so far.

and 3 dialogue partners. Among the 8 members, there are 2 enemies in India and Pakistan. Interestingly, in 2017

Before India joined the SCO, the official media had been exaggerating the tense situation on the Sino-Indian border, but it disappeared after joining the SCO.

At present, Chinese imperialism is increasingly strengthening its control over semi-colonial countries and further expanding its sphere of influence.

this

To sum up, we clarified: China is not only not a socialist country, but also a reactionary country.

Home!

Note: Social imperialism, the highest stage of revisionism.

First look at a joke written by a comrade:

"This is an international joke that happened in real life. The following is all what the author has seen with his own eyes. Some of the content can still be seen today.

Baidu arrived——Xinhua News Agency's attitude towards the Communist Party of Nepal (a political party in Nepal that later turned to revisionism) over the years.

2002: 'Terrorists attack capital, massacre local university students'

2003: "Visiting the Tigers of the Jungle, the Royal Nigerian Army swore to wipe out the mobs"

2004: 'The civil war in Nepal is escalating and the situation is becoming increasingly tense' 'The Nepalese rebels are just using Mao's banner'

2005: 'Visiting the camp of the Nepalese Communist Party, the Nigerian government army still has the upper hand'

2006: 'CPN (Maoist) sieges capital'

2007: 'Long live the great Chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal, Prawanda, the friendship between China and Nepal will last forever'"

The same is true for the Communist Party of India and Mao who have always supported the revolutionary armed struggle. They were branded as "anti-government armed forces" on TV,

Here's another joke:

In 2005, Sun Yuxi, then Chinese ambassador to India, publicly stated: “We don’t know what these armed groups are

Why steal the name of Chinese leader Mao Zedong? We don't like that either. They want to call themselves that, and neither do we

There is a way. But China has never had any relationship with them, and there is no organization or group in China that has any relationship with them

any contact. "

The reactionary government also mobilized a large number of armed police to suppress the claims

"We must solve the problem through legal means." Who doesn't want to solve problems within legal and safe limits? How could the workers

You can't even think of such a way, but you want to go on strike and demonstrate?

Here I mention by the way:

In 2018, workers of Shenzhen Jasic Technology Co., Ltd.

In order to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, with the permission of the superior trade union

A union was formed, but then the union was disbanded and the unionized workers fired

In addition, the company established a "employee representative assembly".

The workers were dissatisfied with the company's illegal behavior and took many legal actions

to fight legally, but when

. Some workers took to the streets, among the people

Speech loudly in front of the police, accuse the company and the police of violations

for. Later, the workers came to the gate of Yanziling Police Station to protest, demanding

Ask for the release of the arrested workers and severely punish the black police who beat them.

After the news came out, progressive workers and students everywhere were outraged.

generous. Progressive students from various colleges and universities formed the Jasic Support Group.

Went to Shenzhen to help workers defend their rights, and at the same time offered support to local and central organizations

Departments submit appeals, but some of them one by one

Kidnapped and lost. In the end, the special police rushed into the rented place of the solidarity group.

house, arresting members of the solidarity group. Afterwards, some people were sentenced,

Some lived under lifelong surveillance, some under stern warnings,

Secretly released after sealing. This event was called the "Jasic Incident"

Or the "Jasic Labor Movement".

After the October Revolution, under the circumstances of internal and external troubles and economic suffering in Soviet Russia, the Soviet Russian government implemented surplus grain collection

Centralized wartime communism aroused extreme dissatisfaction among the broad masses represented by peasants in Soviet Russia, and even caused a lack of clothing.

Soldiers with little food revolted. After the implementation of war communism, Comrade Lenin, after careful consideration, started in March 1921

Implement a new economic policy for the transition to socialism.

The important content of the new economic policy is to replace the surplus grain collection system with the collection of grain taxes, and farmers pay a fee according to state regulations.

The grain tax is set, and the surplus grain exceeding the tax amount is completely owned by individuals, thus greatly reducing the burden on farmers; foreign-funded enterprises are allowed to

To manage the enterprises that the state is temporarily unable to operate, to restore the relationship between commodity and currency, and to regulate production. this makes small

Soviet Russia, where the agricultural economy was dominant, found a way to transition to the socialist economic stage. Later, when Stalin came to power, he was gradually

Cancel.

Although the New Economic Policy opened up the market economy, this

(Deng Xiaoping still used this as an argument, which further highlights his lack of understanding of Marxism-Leninism):

"The New Economic Policy is not about changing the unified national economic plan, not about going beyond it, but about changing the

Change the way to realize this plan. "

"The situation created by the New Economic Policy, such as the development of small commercial enterprises, the leasing of state-owned enterprises, etc.,

This means the development of capitalist relations, and to fail to see this is to have completely lost your sanity. "

"We're backing off now, it's like we're going backwards, but we're doing it to take a few steps back and then start again,

Jump forward more powerfully. It is only on this condition that we have retreated in the implementation of the New Economic Policy. "

"Small production produces capitalism and the bourgeoisie constantly, momentarily, and spontaneously in large numbers."

- Lenin

During the period of new economic construction, the Soviet Union allowed the market economy in the countryside to operate. After Stalin came to power, the plan was gradually restored.

planned economy and collective ownership of agriculture. Food shortages have always accompanied the nascent Soviet Union.

The Chinese high school history textbook (old edition, compulsory 2) says:

"...The disadvantages of Stalin's model are becoming more and more obvious. Especially the negative effects of agricultural collectivization are becoming more and more obvious:

Russia under the tsars was once a food exporter, but at this time the Soviet Union was suffering from food shortages;

Active in production, the yield per unit area of agriculture is only about one-third of the average yield in other Europe..."

This is bullshit (and the "positivity" thing again). See how Stalin himself put it:

"At that time, the tsar's ministers often said: 'I can't eat enough, but I have to export food.'... Those who can't eat enough

People are 20-30 million poor rural people, they really live a life of starvation, so that the tsar's ministers can

Can export food abroad..."

Stalin explained the food shortage in the Soviet Union this way:

"In the past, before the revolution, our country produced about 4-5 billion poods of grain per year. Whether this grain is enough is another matter.

question. In short, everyone thought it was enough, because about 400-500 million poods of bones are exported abroad every year

out. ... After three or four years, increase the annual grain output to 7-8 billion poods. ...First, because of the recent

Over the past few years our industry and cities have at least doubled in size... that is to say, production in the countryside used to be

The millions of food workers now not only do not produce food, but need to transport food to them from the countryside...

Second, we used to have fewer technical crops than we do now, and now we produce twice as much cotton as before. ... this means

Means we (to fill the food gap during the tsarist era) need more food than before to feed the working people. ...

Second, the population is growing much faster than before. And in this way, there will be more and more people to support. "

——"Collected Works of Stalin Speech at the Conference of Advanced Male and Female Combine Harvesters"

Now the history textbook (compulsory part) compiled directly by the Ministry of Education puts it another way:

"The Soviet model rejected the market economy, developed heavy industry one-sidedly, and adopted coercive means in the collectivization of agriculture, which led to the

The proportion of the national economy is out of balance, agriculture and light industry have been lagging behind for a long time, and the consumption level is relatively low. These problems affected the Soviet Union's

develop. "

Well, that's right, you have to blow up the market economy before you give up. But let's focus on what he said

"heavy industry and light agriculture".

In 1928, each collective farm had an average of 13 households and 100 hectares of agricultural land; in 1940 it was 79 households

Households, 1400 hectares of agricultural land. In the mid-1950s, the Soviet Union extensively merged collective farms, and the scale of collective farms expanded rapidly.

The country also spends a lot of energy on agricultural construction. .

There are two tables, the left one is the grain production over the years ("Soviet National Economic Statistical Yearbook", the unit in the table is 10,000 tons),

On the right is some data about mechanization (from the website of China Agricultural Publishing House), you can see for yourself:

Some people compare it this way: in 1953, the grain output of the Soviet Union was not as much as in 1913, the peak of the Tsarist Russia era. but,

This year was a poor harvest year in the history of the Soviet Union. Compared with the previous 1952, the grain production was reduced by 10 million tons.

In 1940, the grain output reached more than 95 million tons. In the Tsarist Russia era, 1913 was the year of grain output in the history of Tsarist Russia.

It was an unprecedented harvest year. In 1911, Tsarist Russia's grain output was only 58 million tons. It is extremely difficult for a student to take an exam

I got 55 points for my test paper, and another student got full marks for a simple test paper. Do you think this can be compared with the score? (Although the metaphor

may not be appropriate).

However, the stereotyped textbooks of bureaucratic revisionism now use Chairman Mao as a shield:

damaged by World War II

This only quotes a short sentence with two ellipses? I also specifically checked the original text (it was Chairman Mao in

1956 article):

In dealing with the relationship between heavy industry, light industry and agriculture, we have not made mistakes of principle. we are better than the soviet union

Doing better with some Eastern European countries. For example, the food production of the Soviet Union has not reached the highest level before the revolution for a long time, such as

The serious problems caused by the unbalanced development of light and heavy industries in some Eastern European countries do not exist here.

They one-sidedly focused on heavy industry and neglected agriculture and light industry, so there were not enough goods on the market and the currency was unstable.

We pay more attention to agriculture and light industry. We have been focusing on agriculture and developing agriculture, which is quite guaranteed

Food and raw materials needed for industrial development. Our daily necessities are relatively abundant, and prices and currency are stable

of.

How do you understand this passage? First of all, we must see that "the highest level before the revolution will not be reached for a long time", this "long-term

When does "period" refer to? Based on the "highest level before the revolution", I checked the data and found that it was almost 1917

During the period from 1937 to 1937 (the grain output in 1937 was more than 9,700 tons), agricultural collectivization was implemented in 1930.

The characteristic stereotyped textbooks have been extended to all periods after Stalin came to power.

Obviously, what Mao Zedong was criticizing was not the collectivization of agriculture. The Soviet Union did vigorously develop heavy industry in the early days, but

Its center of gravity shifted to agriculture after the 1950s. Using Mao Zedong as a shield is ineffective.

The Great Purge is the main content of slandering Stalin. The Great Purge in the Soviet Union purged those who were not loyal to the revolutionary cause.

Joining the party was stopped in 1933, and 1.87 million party members were cleaned up, which was reduced to 1.6 million in 1936.

, Even the fascists lamented that it was difficult to find usable spies in the Soviet Union. Stadt

Lin's suppression of counter-revolutionaries and Yan'an's party consolidation have similar effects, both of which are evil. From the time of Lenin onwards the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Soviet Union

Anti-revolutionary personnel have many privileges. When Dzerzhinsky led the anti-revolutionary, because Dzerzhinsky was very upright and honest,

Be very careful about the use of the privilege, so he plays a progressive role.

The impression of the Great Purge was that it was very cruel, and this negative effect was mainly caused by the leadership of the anti-revolutionaries.

made a serious mistake, severely damaged the great purge movement, and expanded the eradication of counter-revolutionaries. Cruelty was not the purpose of the great purge.

The main responsibility for the error lies with the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and secondarily with the system of the Military Procuratorate, as can be seen in the Ordzhonikidze incident

He was a member of the Politburo and protested to Stalin that he was being searched by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Stalin could only say:

Is it any wonder they can search my house too? It was only after Ordzhonikidze committed suicide that the Soviet Union was shaken and started

It can be said that the mistakes of the Great Purge were all caused by the privileges of the Ministry of the Interior. purge indeed

Many unjust, false and wrongly decided cases were caused, and many people were wrongly killed. However, people with ulterior motives do not judge from the Soviet Union's internal affairs system.

Blame Stalin, but ignore that Stalin was also subject to privilege.

Moreover, the collective resolution of the Central Committee has restrictions on him ( ),

Stalin had said that Bukharin and Rykov should not have been expelled from the party, but the committee decided to send them to the Ministry of Internal Affairs anyway. war

The murder of a large number of Soviet generals and commanders such as former Tukhachevsky, Blyukher, and Yegorov is also the fault of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Mistakes, not only before the war, but after the war began, many generals such as Pavlov and Smushkovich were killed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs

These all reflect the influence of the privilege system of the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Stalin's Great Purges, Purges, and Internal Affairs

Repression is two different concepts. no evidence

Evidence that there was widespread "mass murder" in the USSR at the time

"Records, except of course Yezhov and Beria (which

Both are from the Ministry of Internal Affairs) and others carried out inhumane

massacre.

In 1937, Comrade Stalin's two proposals on reforming the party group and expanding democracy were rejected, and secret ballots in differential elections were implemented.

The proposal was rejected again.

In the same year, Stalin proposed to expand the rights of non-party representatives in elections and expand the opposition's right to speak, which was met with criticism from within the party.

A large number of people objected.

In 1938, Comrade Stalin proposed that Malenkov replace Yezhov, who caused the expansion of the counter-revolutionaries, but was rejected again.

The Politburo finally elected a new Butcher Beria.

In 1944, Comrade Stalin proposed the separation of the party and the government, prohibiting the party from interfering with the economy and state organs, and was once again rejected by the Communist Party of China.

veto.

At the 19th Party Congress in 1952, Comrade Stalin once again proposed the separation of the party and the government and took the lead in expressing his wish to resign.

The position of top leader completely withdraws from the central government and only retains the position of prime minister. In the end, due to the opposition of the majority, the top leader was still retained

However, the Politburo was reorganized into a Bureau to strengthen collective leadership and power constraints, and reduce the party's interference in politics.

This shows that Stalin was actually restricted.

During the Mao era, the Trotskyists were one of the rare disunity factions of Comrade Mao Zedong, and they were shot after interrogation. (Lin Biao

Attacking Mao Zedong is a Trotskyite, but in fact it makes no sense)

Trotsky's theme of "permanent revolution" (different from Marx and Engel's theory of permanent revolution, should be more

called "World Revolution Theory") advocated the establishment of a socialist country in countries that have not yet completed the bourgeois-democratic revolution

(places where landlord ownership has not been overthrown and democracy and freedom have not yet been realized) continue the revolution and regard the revolution in one country as a world revolution

part, otherwise the revolution would not succeed. But in another country's proletariat has not yet awakened, the only

Choice - can sending troops to attack guarantee that the newly established socialist country will not be sacrificed together? Even if successful, can

Guaranteeing the awakening of the proletariat in their country?

The traitor Trotsky appeared in the face of extreme "left" and threw out the counter-revolutionary "theory of permanent revolution". He wiped out the leather of the peasants

negate the worker-peasant alliance, deny the leadership of the proletariat over the peasants, and advocate abandoning the peasants and skipping the stage of the democratic revolution, "to

"One leap in the air" to realize socialism "one at a time" is actually to ruin the proletarian revolution "one at a time". Later Trotsky threw out

The so-called "world revolution theory" opposed to Lenin's revolutionary theory that the socialist revolution can win first in one country. lenin

Denounced these counter-revolutionary fallacies, and clearly stated: "We stand for continuous revolution. We will never give up halfway." (Complete Works of Lenin

Volume 9, page 221)

——"Little Dictionary of Philosophy"

Trotskyists in China were not well received by leftist comrades at first——

. Furthermore, the Chinese people are still most familiar with Comrade Mao Zedong, not the unfamiliar Trotsky.

Even

What's more.

Stalin did make quite a few mistakes. Here is a quote from Comrade Mao Zedong:

"Stalin had a lot of metaphysics (referring to looking at things with a static eye), and taught many people to do metaphysics

study. ... This struggle and unity of opposites, Stalin could not relate. The thinking of some people in the Soviet Union is to form

And going to school is so hardened, either this way or that, and does not recognize the unity of opposites. "

"The wrong experience is: Stalin's metaphysics, dogmatism... Stalin loves to put on airs."

"Stalin announced the elimination of classes in 1936, why did he kill so many people in 1937, spy

Such as hemp. ...In the intellectuals of the Soviet Union, are the classes eliminated so cleanly? I don't think so. recent soviet one

Writer, wrote a novel that caused a small anti-Soviet movement in the world. "

In addition, the methods of the Central Committee led by Comrade Stalin to deal with conflicts have also been criticized: any party that reveals different policies

Comrades who tend to oppose all the anti-rebels will be executed. (Solomy???) This undoubtedly creates a high-handed political situation, leading to

The inability of the government to formulate policies and programs suitable for the masses has also become one of the reasons why Comrade Stalin was criticized by later generations

(Comrade Mao Zedong once expressed opposition to the tactics of the Soviet leadership).

Comrade Lenin and Comrade Mao Zedong proved with practice:

We have already refuted this theory of mere productivity.

The theory of productivity, why hasn’t it turned back to socialism after more than 40 years?

Comrade, remember, no emperor has ever revolutionized himself. Saudi Arabia is rich, right? It's the 21st century,

It is still a monarchy, can you say that it is because of insufficient productivity? If the proletarians want to emancipate themselves, they must wait for the capitalists to

It is impossible to show mercy. To create human happiness, it is entirely up to us.

In addition, here is another question:

Marx said: "No matter what kind of social formation, before all the productive forces it can accommodate are brought into play,

will never perish. "Capitalism has not yet developed the full productivity it can accommodate, so the socialist revolution

Destiny never succeeds now, does it?

Answer: No. Socialism is not an independent production relationship, it is the two production relations of capitalism and communism.

transition of production relations. Capitalist production relations can exist in a socialist country. Moreover, capitalist countries

The productive forces that can be accommodated are less than the total productive forces that can be accommodated by the capitalist production relations. capitalist students

Only when the property relations are placed in a socialist country can it display the full productivity it can accommodate.

The main purpose of exam-oriented education is to improve students' ability to take exams and attaches great importance to exam results, memorization and problem-solving.

The education system is opposed to quality education. After capitalist reforms in European and American countries, the demand for pioneering generalists has increased greatly

Gradually diverted to quality education, while East Asian countries still insist on this system.

Exam-oriented education in China has a long history and directly affects the historical education systems of neighboring countries.

. (Resuming the college entrance examination is not a good thing) The rigidity of education that teachers and students abandon is precisely the education for exams

From the things advocated, things such as "educational textual research" and "textbook Bible" appeared. However, some conservatives

Trial education is regarded as the way out of "climbing up" and making a good career, which means an early "effort theory" for the educated

instill. Also because of this, .

The bourgeoisie and the reactionary government also use various paralyzing means to prevent changes in the education field in an attempt to prevent social changes without

shake its rule. This is especially true of the education industry, which is closely related to the bourgeoisie—they also want to get

Take the money that can be exchanged for more educational resources.

A society that is heading towards class solidification (meaning that each class is gradually fixed on the track of each class with the development of society and cannot escape)

Social reality is also reflected in exam-oriented education, resulting in the differentiation of material and spiritual conditions between rich and poor families, and the

The differentiation of dominant ideology and privileges of material conditions between those with excellent performance and those with low grades, and the enjoyment of students in different regions

The differentiation of educational treatment, the differentiation of teachers in different regions, the difference between private school teachers and public school teachers

The differentiation of teachers in terms of material enjoyment, the differentiation of students and society, the differentiation of cognitive consistency between students and their guardians,

There are various differentiations such as the differentiation of student guardians and teachers' thinking, and the differentiation of teachers' thinking.

Some outlaws backed by reactionary forces even set up extreme schools and used all kinds of rhetoric to coax

Deceive parents to send their children who are in the psychological rebellious period to "net school" without professional qualifications, etc., and then

Use force similar to fascism to force the educated to obey orders and achieve their profit goals.

focus on intelligence

Strengthening the comprehensive development of moral education, intellectual education, physical education, and aesthetic education is a must for the development of education in the future socialist society.

through the road. And comrades of the New Left should properly expose and fight back against it, use it appropriately, and be as careful as possible in educational institutions.

Carefully promote Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, and strive to unite intellectuals and progressive students.

This kind of 1989, with the "Mourning Hu Yaobang" activity in mid-April as the fuse, a new student movement emerged in China.

Student demonstrations occurred in the local area, which was known as the "89 unrest". Among them, students from various colleges and universities in Beijing were among the extreme right leaders (very

It is a pity that the leftists failed to seize the opportunity to lead the movement) led a hunger strike in Tiananmen Square (peaceful non-violent

Force), later changed to a sit-in demonstration. Later Beijing declared martial law.

June 4,

. This bloody repression was

It is called "June 4 Clearance" or "Tiananmen Incident".

During this period, there was also a labor movement, and the masses of workers who supported liberalism and socialism realized that

With its own power, a large number of workers' organizations including militias have sprung up, advocating against bureaucracy, autocracy, and

Proletarian democracy that controls discourse, anti-exploitation, anti-dictatorship, anti-market economy and advocates violent solutions (these

Zhang had a big disagreement with the students). In order to consolidate the rule,

At the beginning of reform and opening up in the 1980s, the two core leaders of the central government were Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun.

The two teamed up to liquidate the Cultural Revolution faction and bring down Hua Guofeng. On whether to promote reform and opening up, the two advocates are consistent.

On how to promote reform and opening up, the two have a big difference. Deng Xiaoping advocated a complete market economy, Chen Yun advocated

planned economy. A group of old cadres with the same views gathered around Chen Yun, including Li Xiannian (1909-1992),

Wang Zhen (1908-1993), their views are slightly left than Deng Xiaoping's, and they are called the old leftists.

The old leftists are a huge and mixed group, and their political, economic and cultural propositions are not completely consistent.

The old leftists in Chen Yun's period opposed the Cultural Revolution and mass movements; they supported the distribution of land to households in rural areas;

For the establishment of a market economy in an all-round way, it advocates the establishment of a birdcage economy; it does not recognize that China after 76 years is already a capitalist country.

Righteous country. They pin their hopes on the healthy forces within the party, and hope that the top leaders will turn the course, or open a new Zunyi

Conference, return to the socialist line. The line they advocate is actually similar to that of the Soviet Union in Khrushchev, Burney

The route of Zhilev's time.

Some of the old leftists after Chen Yun began to rethink and summarize the socialist theory and practice of the previous thirty years

experience of. They are willing to recognize the progressive significance of the Cultural Revolution, and even fully approve of the Cultural Revolution, but with some nationalism

tendency. In the process of fighting against the reformists, the old leftists fought and retreated, and finally failed. The main reason is that the old leftists

The compromise and incompleteness of the school's thinking.

Part of the old leftists, such as Wei Wei and Li Chengrui, continued to learn,

Thinking, thinking changed. The change is mainly reflected in the following points: affirming the Cultural Revolution, believing that China has

is a capitalist country, and believes that China's future destiny depends on the workers

class. These people have transformed into Marxist-Leninist-Maoist revolutionaries, not the old leftists.

As the main groups of the old leftists gradually age and pass away, the old leftists still have a certain degree of ideology among the old workers.

impact, but the impact on the new generation of workers has been negligible. The old leftist group is not an ideological faction marked by age,

Some young people also hold old leftist ideas.

"The legal struggle is only an attempt to eliminate its disadvantages within the limits of the existing capitalist social structure,

Instead of seeking to fundamentally replace the social structure, thereby eliminating the soil for all existing evils, but the social structure

Fundamental change has always been based on violence and organized confrontation or even direct resort to violence (war), legal struggle is the most

The biggest meaning is to speed up the process of illegal struggle through immediate failure and failure after temporary success. "

This is already the case in capitalist society, and we have already understood that such a society will be buried in the revolution.

The only thing we can do is to wipe out capitalism and expose the essence of capitalism to the masses more thoroughly and completely.

Before—this is the political meaning of legal struggle.

The state apparatus is gradually exposing the fundamental contradictions of society to the masses, and this exposure is bound to be accompanied by cooperation.

Suppression of the legal struggle. So the legal struggle will soon gain nothing in the premise of compromise - in this

Under such circumstances, the state, as the embodiment of capitalists, itself cannot make further compromises. In this way, legal struggle

The part that serves real interests is eliminated, and theoretical education, public propaganda, and progress in politically cooperating with illegal struggles are eliminated.

Guilds became what legal struggle was all about. For this reason, the current importance of legal struggle should never be denied

significance.

Reformism is a bourgeois trend of thought that tries to solve the contradictions of capitalist society by non-revolutionary means. it declares

Promote class cooperation, obliterate class struggle, and advocate partial social improvement on the premise of preserving the capitalist system;

For violent revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat, he advocates implementing reforms through the rule of law and transforming capitalism into a "universal welfare" society.

meeting.

Reformism emerged in the middle of the 19th century, when the various contradictions of capitalism were fully exposed and the proletarian revolution

The revolutionary movement flourished, and reformism was born among bourgeois scholars and within the labor movement.

The former, such as pulpit socialism (advocating "beyond class", obliterating class struggle) and Fabian socialism (petty bourgeoisie

The petty bourgeois trend of socialism among bourgeois intellectuals) tried to, without touching capitalism,

With the help of a series of policies within the scope of the capitalist legal system to reconcile class contradictions, capitalism tends to be perfect;

Those such as syndicalism and trade unionism (the two have similar meanings, both require workers to be satisfied with peaceful struggle and not violent revolution

Or advocates keeping the vanguard behind the masses without directing the revolution) Advocating through peaceful economic reform or peaceful struggle

(Especially the struggle within the bourgeois parliament - the "parliamentary struggle" - which did not change capitalism at all

social structure) to improve the conditions of workers. .

Reformism is the enemy of the revolution. It has been criticized by teachers such as Marxism-Leninism and must be opposed.

In terms of social progress, this kind of reformism lags behind any force that struggles with the characteristic party, because

They often "drag the masses back" at the critical moment when the masses demand progress.

In the nearly ten years from 1978 to 1989, it started with anti-corruption and anti-government corruption, and in 1989 the student protest movement broke out;

In nearly a decade from 1989 to 1999, the Falun Gong mass resistance movement broke out (more reactionary than the liberals, but I

Our focus is not here);

However, since 1999, there has been no nationwide mass resistance movement in the past two decades (except for some local

mass resistance movement);

why?

First, the deceitful nature of the theoretical line of the characteristic party, first getting rich and then helping others, in the early stage of privatization, in the original public ownership

On the basis of the economy, productivity has grown rapidly (we said that "rise" is inevitable for the development of imperialism), and a small number of "Chinese

Lottery jackpot" role models are bluffing and deceiving on the opposite side of "crossing the river by feeling the stones".

Second, the characteristic party has caused a lot of white terror since 1989, under the pretext of "strike hard", it has destroyed the people's

armed.

Third, a series of improvement and mitigation measures implemented by the characteristic party, especially the active left wing in the characteristic party.

Fourth, the characteristic party has mature experience in ruling, and mainly uses the public opinion machine to mislead and deceive the masses.

Don't take advantage of ethnic conflicts and patriotic sentiments.

Fifth, strengthen the construction of the so-called rule of law and fight against corruption to deceive the masses. In fact, the privatization reform of the characteristic party is

The biggest corruption, opposition to privatization reforms can be a thorough anti-corruption struggle.

In China for nearly two decades, the conscience of the people still exists and has not been domesticated by the characteristic party. Once the force and the propaganda machine

Under the crushing pressure of the society, an inherent cultural habit has been formed, just like the feudal Confucianism, which is as poisonous and far-reaching. It will last thousands of years

Difficult to change. Fortunately, China has not yet reached this point. After repeated failures in struggles, the people finally spontaneously

Love Chairman Mao, miss Chairman Mao, promote Mao Zedong Thought, and then promote the truth of scientific socialism. they miss

The social life in the era of Chairman Mao was the life of people, but now it is a society that turns people into ghosts.

The masses hate the characteristic party, detest the reviling, and suppress their anger in their hearts.

--"revolution"

The theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the development and deepening of Liu Shaoqi's new democracy consolidation theory

(rather than inheriting Marxism-Leninism-Mao), it has been formed today.

The private bourgeoisie grows up under the aegis of the bureaucratic monopoly bourgeoisie and freely exploits the workers, and the bureaucratic monopoly

The bourgeoisie are inextricably linked and therefore support characteristic socialist ideology, but they are politically

They have less power, which also causes them to complain when they support characteristic socialism.

Part of the petty bourgeoisie also got a share of the rapid development of capitalism in China, so they also

I hope that the country can grow in stability. From this perspective, they are also the supporters of characteristic socialist ideology.

supporters, but their ties to the bureaucratic monopoly bourgeoisie are weak, so their complaints are more

level more.

Liberalism as a trend of thought developed after the Cultural Revolution. Liberalism advocates constitutionalism in politics

Democracy and separation of powers, advocates free competition and free trade in the economy, advocates small

The government is a big market, and advocates the protection of human rights and the protection of democratic freedom within the bourgeoisie in the relationship between the state and individuals

( ).

The trend of liberalism started in the 1970s and spread widely in the society in the 1980s.

After a short period of depression, it revived in the 1990s and started a debate with the New Left. In the late 1990s, neoliberal

Yiyi changed its face and once became the official ideology. Under the guidance of neo-liberalism, it completed the restructuring of state-owned enterprises and private ownership.

market-oriented reform of social undertakings such as medical education, housing, etc., and the formation of a bureaucratic monopoly bourgeoisie

Collectively occupy the lifeline enterprises and control the interests of the regime.

Since the beginning of the new century, there are still some liberals who still insist on reforming the political system and are not tolerated by the authorities.

Suppressed by the ruling class, "Charter 08" is the peak of this part of liberalism, and then liberalism gradually

Dissolved in the clamor of the regime's nationalism.

Nationalism denies that the country is composed of classes with fundamentally different interests, emphasizes unity regardless of class, and emphasizes

Emphasizes national interests above all else, emphasizing unconditional obedience to the country. But the state can only be the state of the ruling class,

It can only be the country of the most powerful class. The national interest is above all else but the ruling class of the country

The interests of the people are above all else, and unconditional obedience to the country is nothing more than asking the oppressed class to obey the ruling class unconditionally.

oppression. Observer.com is one of the advocates of nationalism.

The class base of statism is even broader than that of characteristic socialism, the bureaucratic monopoly bourgeoisie and

The private bourgeoisie is eager for China's global expansion, and some people in the petty bourgeoisie can also benefit from the support of Chinese capital.

Expanding globally, they both become the class basis of nationalism. However,

Marx and Engels criticized various reactionary socialist trends of thought in the third chapter of "The Communist Manifesto". reform

Since the opening up, these socialist trends of thought that have been criticized have been dressed in the cloak of social justice, packaged in academic vocabulary,

Resurrected. All these neo-socialist trends of thought,

,and

And these people have no intention of putting their claims into practice.

What an excellent traditional culture! Is "the monarch, the minister, the father, the son and the son" considered excellent? "The son hides for the father, and the father for the son

Is "hidden" considered excellent?

Maybe many friends will ask: "Then Confucianism has no merit at all? We just need to eliminate other

Isn't it enough to keep the essence of the dross in it? "It is true that whether it is Confucius himself or other great masters of later generations

Confucianism, they all said some correct things, and Confucianism itself is also conducive to maintaining social stability. but here i

Would like to ask two questions:

1. Is it only Confucianism that promotes these so-called "essences"?

2. Are these "essences" the core content of Confucianism?

Obviously, the answer is no.

Such as "benevolence, etiquette, and justice" seem to be the "essence" of Confucianism, but they all belong to the

In the category of "common sense morality". May I ask which country's people do not respect friendship, and which country has no etiquette in life?

In which country thinkers do not preach justice? And if you put on the cloak of "Confucianism", you must not mention the three

The so-called "dross" like Gang Wuchang. Now all kinds of "XX academies" and "female Durbans" emerge in endlessly in the society.

These lawbreakers just took advantage of the decadent Confucianism (also known as "national learning" among them) to deceive the world and steal their names.

It is a waste of time and money; the serious ones have their spirit and life ruined, which is simply outrageous! From this point of view, advocating Confucianism

There is no necessary connection between it and building the so-called socialist advanced spiritual civilization.

—— "PAPER" magazine

Now there are even "New Confucians" who are so desperate for their families. Most of the New Confucians advocate hierarchy, oppose democracy, and advocate spirituality.

British politics. This is completely contrary to the trend of history. Their political ideas, such as the top-level design of the political system, Confucianism

The special zones and so on are completely castles in the air, and it is impossible to build high-rise buildings with chopsticks; the establishment of Confucianism and Confucianization of China are even more idiots

Dream.

Most of the students live a life of rich clothes and good food under the doting of their parents. They don't know what kind of difficult conditions their parents are living in.

work, unaware that their parents are also being exploited. Some students were subjected to characteristic brainwashing or propaganda of various reactionary thoughts (I

The third teacher has been advocating "strive to be a master", even advocating to be a "boss" and then persecuting students who are workers),

Some also count on "working hard" to become capitalists.

(Students and workers) such a big split is mainly due to the severe spiritual and material aspects of students and workers after the revisionist reform.

heavy difference. China's fractured class and stratum divisions will continue for a long time.

—— "One Hundred Whys"

Comrade Lenin explained it excellently in "The Infantile Disease of the "Left" in the Communist Movement". Comrade Lenin pointed out:

The revolutionary nature shown by some "leftists" is not the revolutionary nature of the proletariat, but the revolutionary nature of the petty bourgeoisie. the economy it generates

The basis is the imbalance of economic and social development in some countries and even in the world, that is, there are a considerable number of petty bourgeoisie or petty commodity producers.

Produce. The urban petty bourgeoisie and the peasantry are constantly joining the ranks of the proletariat, bringing to it anarchism and an ultra-revolutionary petty bourgeoisie

class ideology,

and .

"This revolutionary wavering, flamboyant character is quick to turn subservient, despondent, and dreamy.

Think, and even become "crazy" obsessed with this or that bourgeois "fashionable" trend of thought. "

"Every unique turn in history has altered the form of petty-bourgeois vacillation. Petit-bourgeois vacillation

Shaking always takes place around the proletariat, always penetrates to a certain extent into the ranks of the proletariat. "

——"The "Leftist" Infantile Disease in the Communist Movement"

These people lack revolutionary training, cannot understand the dialectical nature of social development, grasp Marxism dogmatically, and are not good at grasping Marxism.

It applies to specific situations of change. They are afraid of difficulties, lack the tenacity of the revolution, proceed from subjective wishes, and ignore the

The subjective and objective conditions necessary for a super-level revolution, not good at overcoming difficulties, trying to rely on revolutionary passion to get rid of difficulties, will lead to "leftist"

Lean on adventurism, and even ruin the revolution!

At present, there are many comrades who have this kind of problem among the Marxist-Leninist-Maoists in our country. Comrades must overcome this problem——

This is related to the smooth development of the revolutionary cause.

Having said so much, although I want to say something more, I have nothing to say, and I think it's time to finish, so let's make the whole joke:

The following is the statistical table published by the court (from "Shu Shuo People's Court Trial Work for 60 Years"), the number of cases is higher than that before the reform

has increased several times (faster than the population growth), the court actually said:

The experience of many countries shows that with the development of society and economy, criminal offenses will increase accordingly, especially when the society is in transition

During this period, social contradictions will increase, and the problem of criminal offenses will become more prominent. Our country is no exception.

That's right, for many capitalist countries, it is indeed no exception. It can be called "prosperous development", with courage and shame!

Number of labor safety accidents over the years (retrospective upper limit is December 2014)

2015.01-2021.05 (the event span is the same below) National Labor Safety Accident Map

Security incident

Pie Chart by Industry

Pie Chart by Incident Type

(don't know why they split the unknown into two)

Pie Chart by Number of Casualties

Pie chart by number of deaths

collective action

(The map and some statistical charts can be viewed in the first lecture of the first unit)

Pie Chart by Action Type

2011.01-2021.05 (the same below)

Pie Chart by Business Type

1. In 1978, rice was 0.12 yuan per catty. Now it is 3.20 yuan per catty. It has increased by 26.66 times.

2. Chinese cabbage is 0.02 yuan per catty that year. Now it is 2.6 yuan per catty. It has increased by 130 times.

3. The service life of the most common pair of leather shoes. In 1978 it was 5 years, and in 2008 the average service life was 1 year.

The service life is reduced by 5 times.

4. Train a college student. In 1978, the tuition fee from elementary school to university was 140 yuan. Now from elementary school to university

150,000 yuan. It has increased by 1071 times.

5. Housing prices. In those years, the monthly rent for 100 square meters was 1.2 yuan, and now the monthly mortgage for 100 square meters is 2,500 yuan, an increase of 2083 times.

6. Environmental pollution. According to the International Marek Period Index, the pollution index in 1978 was 0.98. 2008 Pollution Index

for 1580. The pollution index has risen by 1612 times.

7. The content of melamine in milk. 0 in 1978. In 2008 it was 380MG. The rising multiple is infinite.

8. Expenses for treatment of cold and fever. In 1978, it was 0.98 yuan. The average in 2008 was 90 yuan. The multiplier is 91

times.

9. The cost of an empty bed for one day in hospital. In 1978, it was 0.78 yuan. In 2008, it was 200.8 yuan. The multiplier is 257

Yuan.

10. The maximum amount of embezzlement. In 1978, it was 19,780 yuan. It was an official in charge of import and export in Shenzhen who set the record.

In 2008, the maximum legal amount was 200,800,000 yuan. The rising multiple is 10151 times.

11. Number of officials. In 1978, there were 9,780,000 people who ate financial meals nationwide. An average of 80 ordinary people raise one

official. In 2008, the number of civil servants was 52 million. An average of 25 people feed an official. rose 5.3 times.

12. In 1978, the three public expenses (bus fees, travel at public expense, food and drink at public expense) were 197,800 yuan. until 2008

The three public expenses reached 210 billion. It has increased by 1061678 times.

13. Moral index. Measured by the International Marek Period Index, it was 9999 in 1978. It was 0.98 in 2008. society

The socialist morality index dropped by 10203 times.

14. Economic health index. In 1978, there was little difference in the level of industries in various regions of the country, and the International Marik Period

The health index of the year was 1978. In 2008, the economic health index was 2.008. Various industries

There are many contradictions among the various classes in the district. The economic health index fell 985 times.

15. The proportion of ordinary people's bank deposits in total deposits. In 1978 the proportion was 55%. In 2008, the proportion was reduced to 25%.

On the contrary, the deposits of government agencies (that is, the fine income of various power departments and small private coffers) increased

2 times.

16. Government investment in education as a percentage of GDP. In 1978 it was 8%. In 2008 it was 1.3%. down 6 times.

17. The ratio of government investment in medical care to GDP. In 1978 it was 7.8%. In 2008 it was 0.2008%. Decreased

39 times.

18. Toll highway. In 1978 it was 0 km. 100,000 kilometers in 2008. The rising multiple is infinite.

On January 28, my country's missile nuclear weapon test was successful.

On March 4, the Guizhou-Kunming Railway was connected nine months earlier than originally planned.

On May 3, my country's first batch of "Hongqi" high-end cars left the factory.

On October 8, my country made the first batch of 100,000-kilowatt hydroelectric generating units.

On December 23, my country synthesized crystalline insulin for the first time in the world.

On January 5, my country became self-sufficient in the variety and quantity of petroleum products, and its exploration, mining and refining technologies reached the world's peak.

On January 16, my country's first medium-sized flatbed truck with a load of 150 tons was built.

On June 17, my country's first hydrogen bomb exploded successfully.

On July 1, Chengdu-Kunming Railway was completed and opened to traffic.

On July 7, the national summer grain harvest was bumper, an increase of 10% over last year.

On July 26, my country's first 100-ton mine railway self-dumping car was successfully developed.

On September 5, China assisted the Zambian government with a 10-10 interest-free loan to build the Tanzania-Zambia Railway.

On October 5, my country's first transistor large-scale digital computer was successfully developed.

On October 15, my country's first automatic stereo camera was successfully developed.

On November 29, my country's largest radio telescope was successfully installed and debugged.

On January 8, my country's first 10,000-ton ship "Dongfeng" was completed.

On February 23, my country's extra-large bearings were made.

On April 15, the large-scale water conservancy project, the New Bianhe Project, which will eradicate the waterlogging disaster in the Huaibei Plain, started.

On June 20, my country's summer grain harvest was bumper.

On August 18, my country's early rice harvest was bumper.

On September 3, my country developed the first batch of hydraulic transmission diesel locomotives.

On November 20, the 10,000-ton ocean-going ship "Gaoyang" was launched.

On December 25, the large-scale Fuchunjiang hydropower station was completed and generated electricity.

On December 28, my country successfully conducted a new hydrogen bomb test.

On February 21, my country's domestic public debts have been fully repaid, and my country has become a powerful and independent society in the world without internal and external debts.

socialist country.

On April 2, the first 10,000-ton oil tanker "Daqing 27" was launched.

On May 5, my country developed an antibiotic with unique curative effect - "gentamycin".

On June 13, it was decided to build 8 10,000-ton berths in 6 shipyards in Shanghai, Tianjin and Dalian.

On June 30, "People's Daily" reported that my country's wheat crops had a bumper harvest.

On July 8, the Henan Hongqi Canal was completed in ten years.

On September 13, the Danjiang Substation Project was completed ahead of schedule.

On September 25, the price of medicines was greatly reduced, which was 37% lower than that at the beginning of the year and 80% lower than that in 1950.

On September 26, it provided 556 million yuan in free aid to Vietnam.

On September 30, Beijing Yanshan Oil Refinery was fully completed and put into operation.

On September 30, my country's first 125,000-kilowatt dual-water internal cooling gas turbine generator set was completed, marking the foundation of my country

The manufacturing industry has entered a new stage.

On October 3, my country's first 5,000-horsepower hydraulic transmission diesel locomotive was born

On October 4, my country's first rotary oxygen converter was put into production.

On October 28, the construction of the second automobile factory was accelerated.

Accelerate the construction of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Base on November 14

my country's agricultural harvest on November 16

On April 26, my country successfully launched the first artificial earth satellite.

On June 1, a large number of chemical fertilizer plants were newly built in various places.

On July 17, the installed capacity of small and medium-sized hydropower stations in rural areas was equivalent to twice that of the past 20 years.

On October 16, the large-scale modern open-pit coal mine - Xinjiang Hami Mining Bureau Open-pit Coal Mine was put into production.

On October 17, all Chinese people aided North Korea with 1.314 billion.

On December 25, the first phase of Gezhouba Project started.

On January 2, my country's light industry formed a relatively complete system.

On March 3, my country successfully launched the first scientific experiment artificial earth satellite.

On May 15th, the Daqing activity of industrial learning was carried out

On June 27, the first 20,000-ton freighter "Changfeng" was launched.

On July 8, the work report on doing a good job in family planning was forwarded.

On September 27, China provided 3.614 billion yuan in free aid to Vietnam. The amount of foreign aid is 7 billion, the most since the founding of the People's Republic of China.

On October 2, an additional capital construction investment of 5.1 billion was added.

On October 25, the United Nations restored China's legal seat.

On November 18, Xinhua News Agency reported that more than 1,800 small cement factories had been built across the country.

On December 7, Xinhua News Agency reported that the annual construction of water conservancy projects across the country was 5 billion cubic meters, increasing 30 million mu of farmland.

On January 13, 8 sets of chemical fertilizer and chemical fiber complete sets of equipment were imported from abroad, and later it was proposed to introduce 4.3 billion US dollars of complete sets of equipment and single

Machine program (that is, four, three programs).

On January 28, the People's Liberation Army implemented the May 7th Directive to develop agricultural and sideline production, and many troops became self-sufficient in meat and vegetables.

On February 21, Mao Zedong met with Nixon, and the two sides agreed to develop mutual trade.

On May 13, Xinhua News Agency reported that my country's electronics industry has further developed, and the output of radios in 1971 was equivalent to 4 in 1965.

times.

On August 21, the 1.7-meter rolling mill was imported from the Federal Republic of Germany and Japan, and built in Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, with equipment in Beijing,

Shanghai, Sichuan, Tangshan.

On September 10, 400,000 educated youths settled down in rural areas and border areas.

On October 13, the Hunan-Guizhou Railway, an important trunk line connecting the Central South and the disaster area, was opened to traffic.

On November 26, 2.657 billion yuan was provided to Vietnam to resist the US.

On December 26, my country's first large flatbed truck with a load of 300 tons came out.

On January 1, the People's Daily published a New Year's message, saying that agriculture has achieved good harvests and industrial production has risen.

On January 2, the State Planning Commission proposed a plan to import 4.3 billion US dollars of foreign equipment.

Xinhua News Agency reported on February 13 that 1972 was the year with the largest installed capacity of electric power stations since liberation.

Xinhua News Agency reported on March 7 that my country has made remarkable achievements in the development of combined machine tools.

On March 20, some enterprises and county associations tried to set up special factories for exporting industrial products, special workshops, and production bases for exporting agricultural, sideline and local products.

On April 10, it was decided to build Hanxing Iron and Steel and Coal Base.

The Spring Canton Fair opened on April 15, and more than 140 countries and regions have developed trade with my country.

On May 4, China and Japan jointly invested in the construction of the Sino-Japanese submarine cable.

On June 18, international rice prices rose, and China increased exports of 1 million tons of rice in exchange for wheat.

On June 28, my country successfully conducted a hydrogen bomb test.

On August 1, Xinhua News Agency reported that the summer grain harvest was bumper, which was the second bumper harvest year since the founding of the People's Republic of China.

On August 5, the National Environmental Protection Conference was held, and "Several Regulations on Protecting and Improving the Environment" were formulated

On August 16, Xinhua News Agency reported that my country's paddy field agricultural mechanization has made new progress.

Xinhua News Agency reported on August 26 that my country's electronics industry is developing rapidly.

On August 27, my country's first million-chip integrated circuit electronic computer was successfully developed.

On September 3, my country's first photoelectric altimeter for astronomical time measurement and latitude measurement was successfully developed.

On September 12, the national drilling footage and the production capacity of oil wells under construction and production reached the highest record in the same period of history.

On September 26, the State Council reaffirmed the important principles of foreign trade.

On September 30, Xinhua News Agency reported that my country's fertilizer production has more than doubled compared to 1965.

On October 15th, the Autumn Canton Fair opened, developing trade with more than 150 countries and regions in the world.

On October 25, dozens of non-ferrous metals, rare metals and non-metallic minerals were discovered in Tibet.

On November 1, Xinhua News Agency reported that dozens of large and medium-sized hydropower stations had been completed and put into operation, and more than 50,000 small hydropower stations spread all over the country.

On November 8, the Tibet Military Region planted winter wheat on a large scale in the alpine region at an altitude of 3,800 meters. This is the history of agriculture in Tibet

important changes in development.

On December 20, Xinhua News Agency reported that China has more than 80 airline routes, connecting more than 70 cities across the country, and connecting with more than 100 foreign airlines.

Companies establish business contacts.

On December 22, Xinhua News Agency reported that in the past five years, more than 8 million educated youths have gone to the mountains to go to the countryside.

On December 26, the number of countries and regions that have trade relations with my country has increased to more than 150, of which more than 50 countries have signed agreements with my country.

trade agreement.

On January 12, in order to realize Chairman Mao Zedong's strategy of catching up with and surpassing the world level in several five-year plans within this century

The State Planning Commission put forward the "Report on the Formulation of Long-term Plans".

On January 21, the State Council requested to follow up on the four requirements of planned grain consumption, economical grain consumption, and strict control of grain sales.

On January 22, the State Council proposed that in the next three to five years, a batch of large-scale chemical fertilizers, chemical fibers and continuous

Type steel plate rolling mill and other equipment.

On January 30, the State Council issued an order to prevent pollution of coastal waters.

On February 17, Xinhua News Agency reported that the Shengli Oilfield set a national oil drilling record with an annual drilling footage of 150,105 meters last year.

On February 19, Xinhua News Agency reported that my country's rural areas set off a new upsurge in farmland infrastructure construction.

On February 24, the initial project of the Hanjiang Danjiangkou Water Conservancy Project was completed.

On March 23, the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, the main traffic line in southwest my country, was completed.

On March 30, the geothermal power station was completed in Huailai, Hebei.

On April 2, my country's first 25,000-ton floating dock "Huangshan" was completed.

On April 15th, the thirty-fifth Canton Fair opened, with the largest scale ever.

On April 31, my country's first medical betatron was successfully developed.

On May 15, a new oil field, Dagang Oilfield, was established in the coastal area of North China.

On July 17, fine varieties were popularized in my country's winter wheat producing areas, accounting for more than 80% of the country's wheat sown area.

On August 9, the umbrella solar furnace was successfully developed.

On September 12, the State Planning Commission proposed to increase imports of petroleum, cotton, some steel products, and chemical fertilizers.

On September 12, my country's first 50,000-ton wharf was completed.

On September 15, the Yellow River Qingtongxia Water Conservancy Project was completed.

On September 30, Xinhua News Agency reported that the large-scale oil field - Shengli Oilfield was completed.

On October 3, my country's largest shaft drilling was successfully developed.

On October 23, Xinhua News Agency reported that the output of small local coal mines in my country more than tripled last year compared to 1965, accounting for 28% of the annual output.

On October 26, it provided 1.117 billion yuan of supplies to Vietnam free of charge.

On December 19, the Sanmenxia Hydropower Station was completed.

On December 27, Xinhua News Agency reported that the Daqing-Qinhuangdao oil pipeline was completed.

On December 31, the central government requested that the family planning work should be effectively implemented.

On January 13, Zhou Enlai proposed that by the end of this century, the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology should be fully realized.

The economy is at the forefront of the world.

On January 14, Xinhua News Agency reported that Sichuan Province has made new achievements in the development of natural gas.

On January 15, Xinhua News Agency reported that my country's kenaf and jute have achieved self-sufficiency.

Reduced semiconductor radio retail prices on January 25.

On February 3, Jingshan Power Plant successfully applied computer to control 100,000-kilowatt coal-fired gas turbine generator set for the first time.

On February 4, Liujiaxia Hydropower Station, the largest hydropower station in my country, was completed.

On March 29, the development of high-energy accelerators was included in the national key scientific research projects.

On May 30, the Paleozoic strata oil field was discovered for the first time in my country.

On May 31, the State Council defined the export of gold and the import of copper, aluminum, rubber, polyester and other raw materials.

On July 5, my country's first electrified railway, the Baocheng Railway, was completed.

On July 8, the Qinhuangdao-Beijing oil pipeline was completed.

On July 19, Xinhua News Agency reported that my country's chemical fertilizer production has increased significantly, and the increased production of chemical fertilizers in the first half of the year can increase grain production by more than 10 billion catties or

More than 30 million tons of cotton.

On July 28, Xinhua News Agency reported that the national railway freight volume in the first half of the year hit the highest level in the same period of history.

On August 8, there was a torrential rain in Henan, and the state allocated 700 million yuan for disaster relief.

On August 19, the State Council decided to import 200 million US dollars.

On August 19, 600 million yuan in materials was provided to Cambodia free of charge.

Xinhua News Agency reported on August 30 that in the past three or four years, a large number of power stations have been built and put into production every year.

On September 1, Xinhua News Agency reported that my country had a bumper harvest of early rice this year, and the per unit yield and total output hit the highest level in history.

Xinhua News Agency reported on September 3 that by the end of 1974, my country's small hydropower generation accounted for one-third of the total.

On September 14, Xinhua News Agency reported that 100 million radio speakers connected thousands of villages and households.

On October 7, a new variety of rice was bred, and the yield per mu reached about 1,000 jin.

On October 27, my country successfully conducted a nuclear test.

On November 17, my country's raw salt harvest was the best in history.

On November 26, my country successfully launched a recoverable earth satellite.

On December 24, the Jiaozhi Railway opened to traffic.

On December 39, Xinhua News Agency reported that my country's agriculture has had a bumper harvest for 13 consecutive years.

On January 21, another 10,000-ton floating dock "Huashan" was successfully developed.

On March 13, the large-scale thermal power plant - Laiwu Power Plant was put into production.

On March 22, the post and telecommunications department developed fax communication technology.

Canton Fair opens on April 15

On April 21, the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou carrier cable was put into production.

On April 24, the 6011-meter ultra-deep well was drilled.

On May 1, the number of people engaged in marine geological survey work increased by 7.5 times compared with 1965, and survey work expanded to the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea

ocean.

On May 12, some employees built a national microwave communication trunk line.

On June 6, Dalian New Port, the first modern 100,000-ton deep-water oil port, was completed.

On June 29, the first road and railway double-deck track on the Huangpu River in Shanghai was completed and opened to traffic.

On July 6th, artificially cultivated triticale was promoted in southwest, northwest and north China.

On July 6, the Yunnan-Tibet Highway was completed and opened to traffic.

On July 22, Xinhua News Agency reported that the country's total summer grain output hit a record high.

On July 23, the Tianjin-Shanghai double-track project of the coastal railway trunk line was connected ahead of schedule.

On August 7, the Beijing-Shanhaiguan railway damaged by the Tangshan earthquake was repaired.

On August 23, the first 50,000-ton ocean-going oil tanker "West Lake" was launched in Dalian.

Comrade Mao Zedong, the great leader of the Chinese people, passed away on September 9.

On October 5, Fujian Vinylon Factory, a modern chemical fiber joint enterprise, was established.

On November 16, Xinhua News Agency reported that more than 80% of the counties across the country had established cement plants, and their output had increased by 4.1 times compared to 1965.

On December 10, the proven reserves of a certain oil in 9 provinces in the south of the Yangtze River doubled compared with those before the Cultural Revolution.

On December 11, the high-speed large-scale general-purpose integrated circuit electronic computer was successfully developed.

闪闪红星今犹在，

不见当年共产党。

必修

永不翻案教科书

・牛棚・

必修

刘邓司令部组织编写

永不翻案教科书

您好，亲爱的读者！很高兴你翻开这本书！

如果您是一名马列毛主义者，这本书也许能解答您仍没有找到答

案的一些问题，帮助你更好地开展工作；如果您正在成为一名马列毛

主义者，也许这本书能让您更快地学习，成为共产主义战士；如果您

还不是马列毛主义者，也许这本书能改变你的思想。

当下马列毛主义运动蓬勃开展，我们的同志们整理了很多资料，

但这些资料多而杂，对初步接触马列毛的人来说很不友好。而且，有

的人上来就啃导师著作，结果搞得自己晕头转向，看不明白。因此，

编写一套简明扼要的入门书就显得尤为必要。于是，这本书就应运而

生了。

为了增强说服力，本书参考、援引、摘用了许许多多的资料，

在此向编撰、整理这些资料的同志表示感谢。

由于制作仓促，这本书有些地方还不够完善，希望各位同志提出

宝贵意见！

坚决传播马列毛主义思想、反驳特色修正主义的错误理论，揭穿

他们扛着红旗反红旗的骗人谎言！！！

革命的号角已经吹响！

新的太阳正召唤我们前进！

现在，就翻开下一页吧！

本书编者李维社

2021年6月

“改革开放”已经进行了四十多年，官方常常在报纸、新闻、纪录片、教科书等

地方大书特书，为邓小平等人歌功颂德，在描述社会发展状况时，总不忘添上一句

“特别是改革开放以来”。那么，就让我们看看“特别是改革开放以来”带来了什么

吧：

1997年，工人大下岗，对社会造成巨大压力和极其恶劣的影响；

1998年朱镕基上台实行进一步修正主义改革，2000年前后发生多次工运，比如大

庆工人全城大罢工、诸暨工人全城大罢工、辽阳工人全城大罢工等工运。

2008年，国际金融危机爆发，老牌帝国主义主导的世界经济秩序被动摇，而中国

在经济风暴中略占优势（损失小一些，但也够大的），由此，作为一个新兴帝国主义

国家，中国开始了与老牌帝国主义国家对抗之路；

（帝国主义是什么？为什么这么说？参见第十二讲）

2006年起，通钢工人进行一系列斗争，2009年3月12日，七千人集会；

2010年，南海本田工人2000人罢工，后引发其它汽车公司工人的罢工斗争；

2016年以来，北、上、深等地都有外卖员集体罢工事件，2018年以后愈演愈烈，

2018年5月16日，重庆一百多名外卖员罢工；

2018年4月25日起，全国塔吊工人罢工，波及十几个省；

2019年“人民富豪”马云抛出所谓“996福报”，引起网民强烈反感，对马云的声

誉造成严重影响；

等等等等。

如果你觉得这些只是个例，说明不了什么，那就看看下一页的地图吧！毕竟我们

喜欢用数据说话。

下图是大陆各省（地图因篇幅有裁切）的工人集体行动地图，圆圈内

表示集体行动的次数（还都是能在网上查到的，我们要考虑考虑官方的打

击）。最上面这一张的时间跨度是八年，后面两张则是一年。

2011.01-2019.05

2019.05-2020.05 2020.05-2021.05

下面我们再来几张饼状图来感受一下“重量”。

※以上数据、下页数据及附录数据来源于网址https://maps.clb.org.hk/ （可以追溯到2011年）

在这个网址不仅能查到许多统计信息，还能查看具体事件的内容，理论上需科学上网

本书附录有其它方面的统计信息，有需要的可以查找。

下图是2011.05-2020.05这十年间发生的工人集体行动相关数据统计

扇形图。

按行业分类

按诉求分类

按官方反应分类

按参与人数分类

下面我们简单分析一下这几张图。

一、中国向来就有工人集体事件，主要集中分布于东部，最频繁的是河南，其次是广东、

江苏、山东；

二、在行业里，恰恰是干活最脏最累、危险系数高的建筑工人占了最大的一部分（劳动人

民活该被压迫？），其次是制造业、服务业、交通运输仓储与邮政业；

三、从要求上看，绝大部分还是欠薪，占了七成（老板赚钱多跑路也快）；

四、从官方反应来看，居然三分之二的事件有上文没下文！（新闻封锁可真好用）除了这

些没下文的，最多的就是出动警察；

五、从参与人数来看，主要还是小规模的集体事件，然百人以上的也不少，占了五分之一。

综上得出两个结论：

然后我们估计一下这十年来波及到的人数，这么多事件编者难以一一统计，所以要估计一

下。当然不是乱算，我们保守地估计一下：

1-100人的算作20人，101-1000的算作150人，1001到10000的算作1500人，10000以上算

10000人，未知的统一算10人。得到在这十年间阶级斗争一共波及人！而这，还是保

守估计。并且不可忽略的是，以上所有事件只是中国阶级斗争中的冰山一角！不知在这底下，

有多少不为人知的血泪故事，有多少深受剥削压迫却不敢站起来斗争的人！

接下来是这几年来工人运动数量变化趋势，首先，前面三年智能手机还没有普及

（开始普及大概是2013年左右），而且4G网络也没那么普及，我们剔除掉这些异常值；

最后面的两年，2020年由于病毒大流行的影响，2021年由于在编写时还没有过完，我

们也剔除掉。

然后我们就会发现每年的事件数都超过了1200，平均每月至少得有100起。在2015

与2016两年间出现了小高潮，平均每月227件！而且这还没考虑封锁镇压呢。

他们谈“积极性”，我就想问问这有什么积极性！

说完了经济，我们再看看政治吧！看看这个“人民民主专政的社会主义国家”到

底是不是名副其实。

左图是十九大中工农代表的数量及占比（来自于“人民网”）。你作

为一个“无产阶级”的党，作为一个标榜“共产主义”的党，对外宣称

“不忘初心”的党，工农代表就这么多？还能拿来吹？

右图是十三届全国人大的代表构成，一样地，工人农民代表就那么几

个，还“提高了2.28个百分点”，也不怕笑死人。

人大里面三分之一都是“党政领导干部”，说白了就是官僚。而且你

算算，这工、农、党加起来也才不到一半，至于剩下的，估计大部分都是

“企业家代表”了吧！

已经有人认识到了这一点并表现出忧虑，看看下面两幅图吧！

文章来源：http://m.wyzxwk.com/content.php?cid=27&classid=27&id=129986

左图为十年前的人们的忧虑

接下来我们谈谈官僚的作风，那就更加不敢恭维了。

贪污腐败一大堆，出了事情不上热搜绝不处理，上了热搜等热度下来不了了之。

有些义愤填膺的人还被迫害甚至因此死去，这样的事情我们在网上能看到不少。像豫

章书院事件等等，都是生动形象的反映。

他们不是为人民办事，他们是为资本家办事，为资本家的钱包办事。还记得最高

检检察长张军“能不捕的不捕，能不诉的不诉”的神论吗？嗯，没错，结合前面的统

计数据（不是还有“警察出动”嘛），我发现，“企业家”的命是命，工人们的命不

是命；“企业家”的钱要保护，工人们的钱不用保护；“企业家”的权益要保障，工

人们的权益要践踏。

这就叫做“公平正义”！反正工厂

门一关，宪法就进不去了。哪里还有什

么劳动法？毕竟“刑不上大夫”，资本

家有钱，怎么能跟工人共用一套法律呢？

综上，我们知道，经济上，工人没地位；政治上，工人也没地位；官场里，腐朽

不堪，为资本家服务；至于法律嘛，跟工人没关系。

邓小平那会不是支持“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”吗？实践已经证明，改革开

放是个错误，而且是彻头彻尾的错误！“特别是改革开放以来”，我们的中国日益混

乱、日益动荡！

社会主义是要让工人们解放的，可是呢？枷锁不减反增！

等等，改革开放以来成就很多啊？

下一讲我来为你分析分析，不过在此之前，我要为伟大的“中国共产党”献上一

幅毛体字拼接的书法作品，希望他们能够喜欢！如果不介意，我觉得可以贴上金箔放

到中南海新华门那里，非常合适！

我们的总设计师邓爷爷给我们规划了一条道路，我们就跟着这条道路走，结果越

走越发现不对头。可是看起来成就很多啊？接下来我们看看这些成就都是哪来的。

这一讲比较重要，必须花大笔墨，当然我尽量简明一些。

提到改革，就不得不提下小岗村，《思宁报》（左翼报刊，隶属于马列之声，已

停刊）曾刊载一篇文章，这里节选出一部分给大家，大家想想这个村子到底是人间天

堂还是政治笑话，我就不扯太多了。小岗村几年前才脱贫，真不愧是“改革第一村”！

相比狂飙突进的圈地运动，小岗村农业生产建设是几乎停滞的，现在小岗

村依然是靠天吃饭，农业生产缺水的问题一直没有解决，至今严德友的葡萄园

的水还要依靠另一个地方的水库。更讽刺的是，这个水库是文化大革命时期建

设的，而水库的水流到小岗村还要小半个月，2013 年，严德友的葡萄园就因为

干旱缺水，枯死了一片。

在小岗村的政治光环背后，我看到的是一个普通的中国农村，面临着其它

农村同样面临的问题：大部分村民都在外面打工，种田的活儿年轻人早看不上

了;缺乏劳动力从事农业生产，如今小岗村人手上的田基本上都流转出去了，只

留下一些口粮田。只有当年大包干带头人严美昌依然把手头的田地攥得死死的，

成了小岗村有名的钉子户：“如果土地流转出去，能把地种好，我为什么不给，

现在这些地都抛荒，我放出去，不是浪费土地嘛!”他不希望这种不负责任的疯

狂圈地继续下去，为此他甚至多次写信反映情况，但都没有得到重视，严美昌

甚至写了首长长的打油诗，在诗中，他这样写道：“从玉博朗GLG，一个更比一

个坯，占着土地来长草，口号喊的比天高。”严美昌的愤怒来自于他农民的根

性，他将土地视为自己的命根子，但小岗村其他村民并不如他这样勇敢，在金

钱的诱惑和现实的压力面前，看着自己的土地被抛荒，最多也只有一声叹息。

临行前，严美昌说出了小岗村如今的无奈：“小岗村就剩下空壳子了，土地就

这么荒着，农业生产没搞好，就连村里最出名的大包干纪念馆，也没和我们没

有关系，那是省旅游局建的，收入全归省里。”

小岗村之行让我想到安徒生著名的童话《皇帝的新衣》。小岗村就是那件

看不见的衣服，而皇帝则名为“改革开放”，为了肯定改革开放激发出来的私

有精神，众人一同编制起了有关小岗村的政治神话。行走在小岗村内，我感受

到了马尔克斯小说中的“魔幻之感”，明明是泥地良田的农村，却打扮得像是

城市内的商业街道，笔直的道路，两旁的商铺错落有致，餐馆、便利店、取款

机、小旅馆等，应有尽有，但在这些建筑物间的缝隙中，我又分明瞥见乳白房

屋后面藏着的被抛荒的田地。一瞬间，我感觉小岗村像一个特意布置的电影场

景，而在这场景外面呢，和大部分中国农村一样，一个被掏空的地方，劳动力

外流、土地流转，唯一特别的是，小岗村的符号资源也被掏得干干净净。作为

农村改革的发源地，小岗村名字有一种口号式的魔力，正因为这种魔力，它为

人所利用。据村民介绍，凤阳县有一个小岗村有机食品产业园，但不在小岗村

境内，也没有小岗村人的投资，从头到尾，这个产业园和小岗村没有任何关系，

但挂的却是小岗村的牌子，一个政治符号被消解为一种商业资源，真是讽刺。

而最具有反讽意味的恰是当年的大包干带头人严美昌，当年他以造反的姿态成

为了改革的代言人，被政治包装，被历史铭记，今天他再一次以造反的姿态出

现，却什么也不是了，如今的他被政治唾弃，被历史忘记。我在严美昌身上看

到了那句话：历史总归要出现两次。

我在初中经常做到这种题：给你一张跟下面差不多的表，然后你就说改革开放有

多好有多好。

实际上这是在耍流氓啊！哪有这么比的？以前一本书几分几毛，现在一本书几十

块。他们只看钱的数字，不看那上涨的物价。（物价比较见附录）

我介绍一下两个概念：名义工资与实际工资。名义工资就是那个数字，

实际工资就是你打工得到的这些

报酬能买多少东西。只有名义工

资上涨是没啥用的。你说，你的

工资翻了一倍，可是超市里的东

西价格都已经翻了五倍，这涨工

资有什么意义？镇痛剂罢了。

要看看实际工资有多少！

这里我直接引用《革命》里的话：

GDP 是官方鼓吹的最频繁的数据，所谓 GDP 是什么？简单而言，我捡起一块石头，

你 1 亿块钱买走，但你没有 1 亿块钱，没关系，我 1 亿块钱再买回来。一来一去—

—我们就创造了 2 亿GDP！

资本主义社会的浪费性

生产是其他文明无法比拟的，

再加上这已经被吹上天的房

价，你告诉我，一栋房子生

产出来对于全国人民有什么

实际好处？但期间的地价、

建材、装潢、房价等等足以

给国家带来上亿的 GDP。

那不看 GDP 看什么？评

价一个社会的发展，要看这个

社会生产能力的进步，而不是倒买倒卖的能力。这一指标就是——工农业生产总值。

再者，你看，我们国家“富起来了”，这里面捞钱最多的是谁？“先富者”自己

衣来伸手，饭来张口，吃饱喝足，那我们呢？

总之，这个社会是获者不劳，劳者不获的！

首先我们看农业，看看总设计师的算数多好：

实际上，在改革开放后，被官方媒体吹的增长最快的最初七年间（1980年至1986年），粮

食产量只增长了5898万吨，平均每年增长843万吨。而与这七年紧挨着的前七年，即从文化大

革命后期的1973年开始至改革开放还未正式开始的1979年七年间，粮食总产量就增加了9165万

吨，平均每年增长1309万吨，比改革开放分田到户后最初那七年的增长幅度高出56%之多。

——靳草《颠倒黑白的捏造险恶叵测的设计 ——许家屯〈香港回忆录〉读后感》

而且，改革开放以来农业的增长，比起改革开放之前还有不少“优势条件”：

第一是种子革命。从七十年代到八十年代初，包括水稻、小麦、棉花、油料等在内的各种

农作物，都陆续发生了种子革命，对提高农产品的产量和质量起着至关重要的作用。特别是袁

隆平杂交水稻技术引发的水稻产量的革命性大增长。这项技术于1973年10月“三系杂交稻”研

制成功，1975年多点示范5600多亩，亩产比常规品种增产 20%以上；1976年示范推广迅速扩大

到208万亩，1990年全国推广2.4亿亩，占水稻面积的 50%，而总产量占 61.6%。以杂交水稻为

首的种子革命，对八十年代初农业产量的大幅增加起到了重大作用。

第二是化肥革命。1970 年开始，全国各地陆续新建了一大批化肥厂。1972年1月13日，又

从国外引进 8 套化肥成套设备，以后又提出引进43亿美元成套设备和单机的四三方案。1973

年，我国化肥产量比 1965 年增加一倍以上。中美发表《上海公报》以后，西方允许部分民用

产品对华出口。中国迅速引进了 13 套大型化肥生产装置，这些装置到1979年时绝大部分刚好

建成投产，迅速增加了每亩化肥的施用量。这在长期以农家肥为主的田里起了明显的增产效果。

第三是改革前农业基础设施的建设显示了成效。1976年与1965年相比，拖拉机、手扶拖拉

机产量增长5.7倍和65倍，农业用电增长4.7倍，农用排灌动力机械拥有量增长4.9倍，农用化

肥每亩施用量增长2.1倍。1977年和 1965 年相比，全国农田灌溉面积增长 41％，全国机电排

灌面积和水电站机电总装机容量分别增长 355.58％和 643％；1975 年全国机井数比1965 年

增长935.89％。抗自然灾害能力有了较大提高，以全国受灾面积基本相同的1976年与1965 年

相比，成灾面积由 53.9％下降到 26.9％。这些农田灌溉和排涝条件的较大改善，为以后农村

联产承包责任制下的个体经营方式抗御旱涝灾害的侵袭，提供了重要的保证。尤其是80年代国

家对农田水利的投资相对较少并逐年降低，在一定程度上是70年代的投资在发挥效益。

——北大马会《共和国的历程》

结合小岗村的事例，我们知道农村改革其实效用不大，然而特色党还要在各种地方吹来吹

去，在教科书、纪录片里歌功颂德，还要搞几辆展示“联产承包好”的车子来自欺欺人。实际

上农业改革还带来了很多恶果，请看下一页。

承包制不仅破坏了生产力，还成了破坏资源和环境的源头。集体生产被破坏，对环境的治

理不再可能。而且在私有观念的促使下，农民也以眼前利益最大化为导向，而这种眼前的利益

最终损害了长远利益。例如内蒙古，自治区领导从1981年开始，强行改变、调整草原牧区的生

产关系，简单粗暴的照搬农耕地区推行的“家庭联产承包”的做法，实施以“草场、牲畜双承

包”为标志的牲畜所有权、草场使用权和分配制度的改革。从此，自古以集体方式进行生产的

游牧民族，被迫改变生产方式，四季游牧制度被取消，通过游牧转场防灾、避灾的能力同时丧

失，通过游牧平衡营养元素预防地方病的能力也丧失了，牧民开始了类似农区一家一户的小农

经济，由游牧被迫变为定居固牧，在有限的资源的草场上出现了人多畜多的过牧和反复践踏的

现象。

——北大马会《共和国的历程》

……安徽诞生了一首反映大包干、包产到户以后农村情况的诗：“集体干分掉了，人心干

死掉了，干部干瘫掉了，耕牛干死掉了，农具干毁掉了，机械干锈掉了，公房干倒掉了，大田

干小掉了，科学干停掉了，公活干停掉了，教育干低掉了，贫富干大掉了。”一时间，各种舆

论纷起：“万里（时任安徽省委第一书记）这个家伙到底要干什么？”“什么解放思想，我看

是天下大乱！”“三中全会来的政策是复辟资本主义！”“辛苦辛苦三十年，一夜退到解放

前！”

——水陆洲《邓小平的晚年之路》

现在改革了，所有村民都分到一份口粮田，余下的土地承包给农民，土地被分成数不清的

小地块，机械化变得毫无意义，只好让位于分散耕种。农民别无选择，只好放弃大部分先进设

备，重新捡起耙子。银行要张村还贷款，村长告诉银行：“把机器拿走吧。”但是银行一直找

不到买主。所以直到现在，那些施肥机、碎土机、喷雾器、机灌设备、收割机和烘干机还扔在

机器场上，任凭日晒雨淋，无声地诉说着一个已经过去的时代......

黑龙江省的一万个村庄中，只有181个保留了对农机的集体所有和集体和管理。有20％的

村庄把机器承包给个人，另外80％则干脆按牺牲价格把机器卖给了有内线的人，比如队干部，

他们的亲友等。平均来说，卖价只相当于机器原价的三分之一，或者假设这些机器已经折旧了

三分之一，那么这些机器就是按半价卖掉的。无论怎样计算，都是集体财产的重大流失。那些

买到机器的人，因为得来的便宜，也就不愿意花钱做大的修理。他们的机器，主要是拖拉机、

犁和少量的收割机，都是用到需要修理时为止，然后就扔掉了。

改革以后，大部分机器都不能象原来那样发挥其全部功能。机器卖了以后，破坏了各种设

备之间的配套关系，新的所有人不能用机器完成任何完整的工作，也不能进行农田连续作业，

（我所到之处）差不多都是这样。

——李民骐《中国资本主义的发展和阶级斗争》

还有许许多多的例子，我就不过多介绍了。

至于工业上的成就，又怎么来的呢？我们的答案是——从剥削中来！

天天喊“基建狂魔”，从事基建的工人们的工资提高多少了？难道他们干活干成资本家了

不成？

有钱赚，资本家当然愿意干，反正钱是流到资本家那里，反正建设这一切的是工人们，反

正资本家们一滴汗不流。你看看现在的996工作制、007工作制等，在这残酷的剥削下建设能不

快才怪！但我们工人们为此付出的是什么？是血、是泪、是痛苦！而那些资本家却坐享其成！

下面是一位老同志的话，大家自己看看吧：

改革开放的指导思想是“非毛”、“唯生产力论”加“不争论”，即是后来大肆鼓吹的

“以经济建设为中心”，唯生产力论的根本思想不是以人民的幸福为治国标准，而是以经济数

字为标准，一切为了提高GDP，不择手段不计后果，为了提高GDP，可以将宝贵的有限的资源贱

卖给外国资本家，可以将国企卖给个人，可以不顾环境污染，可以再现黄赌毒，可以贪污，可

以受贿，可以把人民的命用二十万来标价，挖煤矿的时候人不过是二十万的设备，死一个就赔

二十万，然后继续挖。

——静火同志《静火有言（为〈毛泽东选集〉第七卷所作的序言）》

注：唯生产力论是指片面强调生产力而不注重生产关系（当然现在不理解也没多大障碍）。

改革开放后一直在吃毛泽东时代遗产的老本。从经济价值上来说，改革开放后，仅煤炭、

石油、铁路、公路四个系统的遗产每年就提供大约上万亿元人民币的效益。

改革开放后的所谓经济发展是潜力释放型的，搞了一些基本建设，由于受腐败的影响，也

是少慢差费，建设的规模、速度、质量、效益根本无法与毛泽东时代相比。据2004年的审计报

告，象长江堤防这样维系着中下游数亿人民生命安全的水利工程，竟然有一半以上是“豆腐渣

工程”。国家的投资成了“唐僧肉”，肥了官员包工头。例如三峡工程，耗资2500亿人民币，

已超过原来预算数倍，工程质量还要清外国人监理。青藏铁路，二十多年前就已修到格尔木了，

拖到现在才重新上马。风靡全国的回扣之风就是发端于工程建设部门，早已是公开的秘密。高

速公路据说每公里造价仅7000万人民币，实际结算都超过一个亿。又据揭露，一九七八年后的

三个五年计划期间投资决策失误造成的资金浪费及经济损失约在4000多亿（与之相比，此前二

十多年只有1.5亿）。人民用血汗创造的财富就这样被少数人装进了腰包、打了水漂。

在改革开放后22年间增长速度较快的主要工业产品有这样几种：钢铁4.4倍、电力5.2倍、

水泥8.7倍、纯碱6.1倍、硫酸3.9倍、汽车12.5倍、化纤25.4倍，但是它们的年平均增长率仍

然大大低于改革开放前的年平均增长率。这些产品都是属于中下游产业的产品。如钢铁，在改

革开放前我国就已具备建造大型钢铁厂的能力并且极大地发展和改善了增加钢铁产量必需的运

输、采矿、煤炭、电力条件；实际上我国的钢铁产量主要还是靠的在改革开放前已经建立的十

多个钢铁基地，即使像宝钢这样在改革开放后起着举足轻重作用的钢铁企业也还是在改革开放

前就决定并开始建设的。其他几种产品也与钢铁生产相类似。至于家用电器类的如彩电、空调

器、冰箱、电话等被当成改革开放成就宣传了许多年的属于下游产品的日用消费品生产，也几

乎全是在牺牲了国防工业发展的代价下，由军工企业转产的。这些中下游工业产品以及家电产

品在国家综合经济实力中所占的分量，与基础原材料和交通相比差别极大。

建国后三十年，我国规模宏大、门类齐全、具有一定先进水平的工业交通体系是在毛主席

无产阶级革命路线指引下，在王进喜、孟泰这样一大批工人阶级先进代表人物的带领苦干下，

数千万工人阶级花费了无数的汗水、鲜血甚至生命，从一穷二白、赤手空拳起家，用锤子、铁

镐，一下一下敲出来的。经过二十多年的改革开放，先是“放权搞活、承包经营”，接下来是

不断扩大的亏损、三角债，不仅没有搞活，反而一个个被改得半死不活，有的甚至很快就给搞

死了；但他们根本不去总结“秃头上的虱子明摆着”的教训，闭上眼睛一个劲的喊“深化改

革”，头疼医头脚疼医脚的扭亏增盈解三角债，结果是资不抵债、每况愈下；最后为了掩盖这

改革开放的败绩，就以“建立现代企业制度”、“资产重组”为名义，破产倒闭，卖光送光。

现在，县以下企业、中小企业几乎已经全部私有化；大型、特大型企业有的也已经破产，还有

点油水的也被一个个特权利益集团所把持控制，也正处在私有化的过程中。在国内统治者的招

引下，国外垄断资本正在大举进入，有一定技术水平、可以为外国资本赚钱的企业已经被一个

又一个的合资利用，经济殖民化正在随着私有化的基本完成而大规模展开，整个中国正在成为

危机重重的国际资本主义的“最后的晚餐”。广大工人阶级由社会主义国家的主人公重新沦为

国内外新老资产阶级的雇佣劳动力，等待着他们的是失业破产、日渐绝对贫困化、重新被甩到

死亡线上挣扎的命运。

——靳草《颠倒黑白的捏造险恶叵测的设计 ——许家屯〈香港回忆录〉读后感》

首先，积极性能比化肥、机器管用？认为只靠积极性就可以使得生产大发展，那

岂不是“人有多大胆，地有多大产”的逻辑吗？况且，上面的材料也告诉我们了，这

改革也没改出什么积极性。而“打工人”、“躺平”等这些热词的兴起，更说明改革

开放是没有带来什么所谓的积极性的！

从国家的主人变成资本家的奴隶，哪里会有什么积极性？起早贪黑干到晚还买不

起房子，这能有积极性？

总之，

关于成就的问题，我们就谈到这里。下一讲我们来粗略讲一下改革开放的错误之

处。

我们刚刚已经看到，改革开放实际上错得有多么离谱，那么它究竟错在哪里呢？

那么接下来，我就可以正式引入这个概念了。有了这个武器，我们

就可以彻底看清改革开放的面目。要知道，马列毛主义是属于无产阶级的学说，是属于我们广

大工人的，是指引着斗争的伟大旗帜。

马列毛主义是什么？马列毛主义，是由马克思与恩格斯，主要是马克思在研究资本主义社

会的规律后开创、由恩格斯及斯大林所分别整理保卫、由列宁与毛泽东根据新的社会现实情况

所进一步发展的理论思想。

——《PAPER》杂志

马克思同志从空想社会主义和当时各种思潮中总结提出了关于自由资本主义时代的理论基

础，列宁同志发展出关于帝国主义的理论，毛泽东同志又开创了第三世界国家革命的指导道路、

新民主主义和无产阶级专政下继续革命的理论。

我这么说你可能有些迷糊，没关系，可以这么说，马列毛主义就是告诉人民这个社会如何、

如何解放自己、然后如何建设社会。马列毛主义的普遍真理，至今仍在起作用，如经济危机等。

马列毛主义的成功，迫使有些叛徒伪装成马列毛主义者（这种人就叫做修正主义者）。于

是邓小平就出来了，表面上是共产党员，实际上他歪扭、曲解马克思主义，完全背叛工人阶级。

我们从之前论述过的事实就可以看出来了。

他的“中国特色社会主义”，其实就是剥削人民，就是压迫人民，就是资本主义！

我们来简单分析一下改革开放以来的政策、观点，顺便普及一点马列毛。

邓小平指出：“计划多一点还是市场多一点，不是社会主义与资本主义的本质区别。计划

经济不等于社会主义，资本主义也有计划；市场经济不等于资本主义，社会主义也有市场。计

划和市场都是经济手段。”

这些观点倒是得好好商榷一下，以下内容来自一频道“共产主义Q&A”：

从南斯拉夫已有的实践结果来看，在市场社会主义中，由于经济缺乏计划性，各个企业只

能基于利润而不是社会需求来进行生产，进而在利润的导向之下被迫进行竞争。这种竞争不仅

使得各个企业不得不压榨劳动者来提升利润率（没错，压榨劳动者！），更是破坏了全社会工

人阶级的团结。最重要的是，由于竞争的存在，各企业之间必定会有利润的差距，进而产生资

本主义生产关系下典型的财富集中现象。这种现象意味着社会总购买力小于社会总生产力，意

味着市场社会主义将无法避免资本主义的核心危机——生产过剩。

市场经济哪里是邓小平所谓的只是一种“经济手段”？它的背后，是一套关系，资本主义

的生产关系！

这个还声称坚持马列主义的党，是不是还听导师们的话呢？我们听听列宁同志怎么说：

“我们都可以看到，受市场调节的社会经济组织所一般具有的种种现象：可以看到那些曾

经是平等的直接生产者在分化为富人和穷人，可以看到资本特别是商业资本的产生，它像蜘蛛

网一样束缚着和吮吸着劳动人民的脂膏。”

——《列宁全集》，《什么是“人民之友”和他们如何攻击社会民主主义者？》

“只要还存在着市场经济，只要还保持着货币权力和资本力量，世界上的任何法律也无法

消灭不平等和剥削。只有实行巨大的社会化的计划经济，同时把所有的土地、工厂、工具的所

有权都转交工人阶级，才能消灭一切剥削。”

——《列宁全集》，《土地问题和争取自由的斗争》

理论上说不通，实践上也走不通。“社会主义市场经济”作为一场闹剧该结束了。

有人要问，我们国家的“社会主义市场经济体制”不是有“科学的宏观调控”吗？

那么请你说说，“科学的宏观调控”根据的是哪门子科学呢？恐怕既不是马克思主义的政

治经济学，也不是列宁关于计划经济的论述，或者是斯大林的理论。那不用马列主义的科学用

哪里的科学呢？西方资本主义国家的“科学”吗？那跟西方资本主义就没啥区别了。或者自创

一个“科学”？这门科学叫啥呢？创立这门科学的依据又是什么呢？总不能胡编乱造出来个什

么理论来笑话人。事实是，我们用的就是西方资本主义国家的经济学理论。

顺带普及一下计划经济是什么：在计划经济中，全部（或大部分）生产资料都由社会所有，

全部（或大部分）社会产品都直接为了社会需要而生产，而不是为了私人占有或谋取交换价值

而生产。由于实行了社会所有制和为直接为社会需要而生产，在计划经济中，生产者就有可能

相互积极合作，并利用一切的现有技术，通过不同层次的经济计划，来协调他们相互之间的经

济活动。

这句话相信不少人都听过，那我们也来分析分析。

首先，你要发展的是什么？这是一个很重要的问题。资本

主义也讲“发展”，社会主义也讲“发展”。作为一个“社会

主义”国家，一个由“共产党”执政的国家，应该是要社会主

义的“发展”。

既然是社会主义的“发展”，问题来了，这发展的是生产力还是还是生产关系？我简单介

绍一下这两个概念。应该“望文生义”就能理解了，

。而。

（它们两个是可以相互作用的。）生产关系的发展和变革为生产力所决定,同时它又反作

用于生产力。旧的、腐朽的生产关系阻碍和破坏生产力的发展,新的生产关系能够解放劳动者

和生产资料,是推动生产力发展的决定性力量。生产关系的新陈代谢是社会发展的普遍规律。

生产关系和生产力的矛盾运动的规律,是一切社会形态所共有的普遍规律。这个规律使社

会发展的各个阶段有机地联系起来,决定了社会由低级向高级发展的客观必然性,支配着整个人

类社会历史的前进运动。

——《哲学小辞典》

这些是马克思主义的规律，历史也已经证明了这些规律（如欧美资产阶级革命等等）。那

么我们“实事求是”的特色党有没有好好遵循这些规律呢？没有，之前我们提到过，特色党片

面强调生产力而不讲生产关系，我已经不知道多久没听到生产关系这个词了。相反，他们的生

产关系其实在倒退（越来越资本主义化）。

毛泽东早就批判过，这种唯生产力论是“只分粮棉油，不分敌我友”。“唯生产力论”是

官僚们用来保护资本主义生产关系、掩盖资本主义复辟事实的工具。

（矛盾具有普遍性，）矛盾无处不在、无时不在。毛泽东同志说：“矛盾的普遍性或绝对

性这个问题有两方面的意义。其一是说，矛盾存在于一切事物的发展过程中；其二是说，每一

事物的发展过程中存在着自始至终的矛盾运动。”

……

矛盾的特殊性是指不同事物矛盾的各自的特点。世界上的万事万物千差万别，各有其特殊

的本质……认识和分析事物矛盾的特殊性，是我们科学地认识事物的基础。

——艾思奇主编《辩证唯物主义历史唯物主义》

对于这部分的哲学知识，我们先不细细展开，先聊聊小标题的这个问题。

“人民日益增长的美好生活需要”本质上是讲什么？社会需要。“不平衡不充分的发展”

又是什么？其实就是讲社会生产。按照马克思主义的观点，社会需要和社会生产之间的矛盾是

贯穿人类社会的，从古到今都有。这个矛盾是这个社会的初始矛盾，而不是基本矛盾，更不是

主要矛盾。因为社会初始矛盾不与社会的内在结构相联系，它的解决也不会引起社会结构的实

质变化。

主要矛盾与社会的基本矛盾密切相关。好好好，我就当你是个社会主义社会，那

么社会主义社会的基本矛盾是什么呢？生产力和生产关系之间的矛盾，经济基础和上

层建筑之间的矛盾，这种矛盾通过人与人关系表现出来，又表现出各种社会阶级之间

的矛盾。在这些错综复杂的矛盾里面，必然有一个矛盾是主要矛盾。反正还轮不到你

这个“人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾”。

再者，什么叫“平衡”又“充分”的发展呢？首先，各个地区的资源都是不一样

的，这里缺点水，那里缺点铁，这里没啥树，那里全是沙。此外，各个地区人口也是

不一样的，特别是在今天，北人南迁，西人东迁。你说在这种条件下，我们怎么定义

“平衡”又“充分”的发展呢？什么时候发展会“平衡”又“充分”？平衡与充分从

来就是相对的，从来就是处于与不平衡、不充分的矛盾运动中。追求所谓绝对的平衡、

充分，是荒唐至极的。况且你还是个“特色社会主义”国家，要搞“先富带动后富”，

怎么会有平衡充分的发展呢？不搞出大财团就阿弥陀佛了！

这应该是上个世纪最大的政治谎言了。

“在经济政策上，我认为要允许一部分地区、一部分企业、一部分工人农民，由于辛勤努

力成绩大而收入多一些，生活先好起来。一部分人生活先好起来，就必然产生极大的示范力量，

影响左邻右舍，带动其他地区、其他单位的人们向他们学习。这样，就会使整个国家经济不断

地波浪式向前发展，使全国各民族人民都比较快地富起来。”

——《邓小平文选》

你看看吧，工人们富不富。我只强调一下，资本家不是慈善家。

（对于上面邓小平的话，）这就是说，要使一部分人先富裕起来，就得搞资本主义。但是

一旦搞资本主义，就只能是永远一小部分人发财，不可能有共同富裕了，因为那一部分人要发

财就得靠剥削他人。财富终究是有限的，而一部分人先富裕的条件又不是普遍的，所以能富裕

起来的只能是一部分人。实际上，暴发户们没有一个是通过自己辛勤劳动致富的，都是发的不

义之财，至少也是合法剥削致富。由于他们发的都是不义之财，所以就会人富心变，富了还想

更富，要永远保持富裕的势头，怎么会分散自己的实力去帮助穷人共同富裕呢？1998年闹大洪

水时，全国人民捐款20亿元，其中只有个别富人捐款。当时，富裕阶层手中有4万亿元存款，

他们只要拿出1%存款，就是400亿元，就是全国人民捐款的20倍。要富人捐款，比割他们的肉

还心疼，他们还怎么会帮助穷人致富呢？所以邓先生设计的先富带后富，只是水中月镜中花墙

上画饼的幻觉而已，是中听不中用的。

——毛继东《邓小平言论自相矛盾“百花大观园”》

我们可从来没听说过哪个国家国情特殊到非得走资本主义道路不能走社会主义道

路的。我们可以根据实际需要，对政策作出调整，这是符合马克思主义的，但不是搞

修正主义的借口！再者，我们在改革开放前的制度难道不符合国情？难道现在的制度

完完全全符合国情？

原来他们的“符合国情”，就是符合资本主义发展的要求！

（新中国成立后，）工人阶级以高度的主人翁精神奋勇前进。无论在夺取解放战争的完全

胜利、粉碎美帝国主义的封锁轰炸、抗美援朝、镇压反革命；在支持土地改革、推动农业合作

化、工业支援农业、巩固工农联盟；在对资本主义工商业和手工业的社会主义改造运动中；在

完成社会主义建设的各个五年计划，实现国家工业、农业、科技、国防现代化的奋斗中，工人

阶级都发挥了主力军的作用。广大工人群众在各级党的领导、工会的组织发动下，开展劳动竞

赛、先进生产者、先进班组运动，技术革新、技术革命运动，挑起大梁，做出了决定性的贡献，

涌现出了大批劳动模范、先进人物。即使在出现严重自然灾害，或是党和国家在指导上进行重

大探索和试验，出现不同认识，碰到重大实际困难的时期，如“总路线、大跃进、人民公社”

时期，以至“文化大革命”时期，工人阶级一方面响应党的号召，积极投入这些新的革命、建

设实践，同时，仍一如既往地艰苦奋斗，克服困难，对稳住局面，扭转乾坤，发挥了主力军作

用。历史已经证明，工人阶级是当之无愧的社会主义中国的领导阶级。

——《中国工人阶级社会地位演变实录》

下面我们看看改革开放前中国的经济发展情况，改革开放前经历了一些挫折，但

发展是有的，甚至比改革开放还快，根本不是什么“僵化”、“不合国情”：

红色——重工业

黄色——工业

蓝色——轻工业

绿色——农业

按工农业总产值计算，1966年至1978年年均增速是8.5％，大大超过了改革开放之

后的1979至1981年6.7％的增速。有许多经济指标，如煤、石油、钢铁、发电量、机床

等产量增速更是超过改革之后。国家财政收入年均增长6.9％，远远超过1979至1981年

年均负1.7％的增长速度。如果说“文革”期间经济“濒临崩溃”，那么改革之后的

1979年至1981年经济岂不更是“濒临崩溃”吗！

——姜伟岗《客观看待文革期间我国的经济发展》

而邓小平及其后继者一直企图抹黑这段历史，说成是“停止缓慢”，居心叵测！

改革开放造成的后果，前两讲我们已经看到了，下面我再补充补充，看看邓小平

的改革开放是有多么地“符合国情”：

你只看到了他们想让你看到的景象，还有很多你没看到的（但我相信你也有所耳

闻）：私有化向前推进，贫富差距拉大；邓小平等人搞“洋跃进”，盲目扩大引进规

模，投入资金从65 亿美元一直扩大到800 亿美元，差点败光了中国人民前面几十年攒

的家产；官僚们贪污腐败，人民纷纷反对官倒；所谓“国企混改”导致大量工人下岗

失业，全国一片“下岗潮”，无数人因此自杀、卖淫；下岗导致社会动荡，犯罪事件

频发，1983 年开始“严打”，枪毙了不少人；大批军工项目下马，直接导致了我国同

其他大国的国防实力和科技实力拉开差距；邓小平允许军队经商，军队出现各种乱象；

邪教“法轮功”盛行；学生反对邓小平，开展学生运动，导致了1989年天安门事

件……

——青岛一中学马会《燎原》

这个说出去怕是要笑死人的结论，来自我的一个初中同学，有些人也鼓吹这个。

如果一个岗位正常需要5个劳动力，那资本家只会招3个人拼命加班，让剩下两个

失业，借此最大限度的榨取财富。

……真正创造就业的是市场需求。

就像人有穿衣服的需求，所以必然会存在纺织、裁缝、设计师的就业岗位。北方

人想要在冬天吃到海南的水果，所以就有采摘、运输、保存的就业岗位。就业是随着

人类社会天然存在的，只要需求还在，生产资料归国家、集体持有，就业都会存在，

而且更多。但是资本家从来没有创造过就业，它只会不遗余力的创造失业。

创造失业不仅仅是前面说的加班裁员，资本家还在不停的消灭需求。道理很简单，

他们通过各种手段让财富集中在自己手里，让广大的劳动人民失去购买力，购买力下

降需求自然就下降。你内心可能有吃牛排的需求，但资本家的掠夺让你只能吃的起棒

子面粥。同时它让年轻人不分昼夜的加班，消灭了他们休闲娱乐的时间，让年轻人没

时间逛商场、约会、看电影、去游乐园。既没有钱又没时间，需求肯定没了，就业自

然也就凉了。资本主义代表了现代落后的生产关系，但它就像沙皇一样，垄断了财富

和权力进而延续至今。它甚至还会像霉菌病毒一样，腐蚀新的、先进的思想制度以防

止被取代。

它存在一天，社会的动荡和暴乱就不会停止，一个个悲剧还会不停的重演。

——《星火手册》

“马克思说过，科学技术是生产力，事实证明这话讲得很对。依我看，科学技术

是第一生产力。”

“马克思讲过科学技术是生产力，这是非常正确的。现在看来这样讲可能不够，

恐怕是第一生产力。”

“我说科学技术是第一生产力。”

——《邓小平文选》

这看起来似乎是“发展了马克思主义”的话经得起马列毛主义的检验吗？

“在一切生产设施中，最强大的生产力是革命阶级自身。革命要素组织起来成为

一个阶级，就意味着旧社会所能孕育出的全部生产力均已存在了。”

——马克思《哲学的贫困》

当然，我得解释解释，免得有人说我教条。马克思主义认为，，生

产力是由劳动者、工具和劳动资料所组成的。科学技术是人类劳动经验的结晶，说到

底它属于工具的范畴，是劳动者发现、发明、创造和掌握的。因此，不论科学技术有

多么大作用，它在生产力的诸多因素中永远也不可能是第一位的。

就此，我想说：“革命阶级是第一生产力，并且革命阶级也代表了先进生产力发

展的要求。”邓小平想装成马克思主义者，但其实“他不懂马列”（毛泽东同志对他

的评价）。

脱贫攻坚好像是在给老百姓干好事，事实是吗？

事实证明，习近平政府改善民生以稳定自己的基本盘——小资产阶级和工人贵族

的计划已经破产。习近平政府大力鼓吹的“脱贫攻坚战”，各级政府在农村大搞了一

通基础设施建设，得利的却是由帝国主义当局直接控制的垄断资本主义企业，对农民

自身来讲收益甚微。农民们自发筹建的集体企业难以抵抗由国家暴力机器撑腰的垄断

资本主义企业的冲击，纷纷破产或者是被兼并。农业土地的“三权分置”为垄断资本

主义大企业长期合法占有农业土地在法律上铺平了道路，越来越多的农民实际上失去

了土地。给贫困户的补贴大多数被各级政府层层截流，贫困户仍然贫困，而且在“技

术扶贫”的幌子下，农民们纷纷自愿或不自愿地被垄断企业控制，卷入了垄断资本主

义的生产体系中。在这种环境下，越来越多的农民沦为流民，他们在城市没有合法地

位，在农村丧失了唯一的财产——土地。多年以来我们用于自我调侃的一句话“不行

我就回家种地”成了一句空话。

——《PAPER》杂志

其实质主要是在扶贫的名义下，推进农业资本主义化，通过资本主义农场和家庭

手工业来建立现代化农业，同时为资本投资找到了新场所，从而在化解危机的同时为

将来更广泛的危机埋下了伏笔。

——北大马会《共和国的历程》

扫黑除恶和上面的脱贫攻坚以及净网行动等都是一样的，是维护甚至扩大官僚资

产阶级的利益的举措。

官僚垄断资本想要更有力的统治社会，进而在全球争霸，就需要有强大的资本实力。但是

官僚资产阶级作为个人，又希望更多的资本进入个人的腰包，这样就损害了官僚垄断资本的整

体力量，也损害了官僚统治的合法性。同时官僚资产阶级内部派别纷争，也损害了官僚资本的

凝聚力。因而反腐成为了必要的措施，一方面凝聚官僚垄断资产阶级，加强官僚垄断资本的力

量；另一方面，还可以在人民面前树立良好的形象。

2012 年十八大以后，中国开始大力度反腐，两年时间，有超过18 万名党员干部被处分，

包括徐才厚、周永康、令计划在内的56 名“老虎”落马。但是反腐并不能使无产阶级得到半

点好处，实际上反腐只是加强了官僚垄断资本的力量。同时，由于反腐被限制在官僚系统内，

因而反腐成为了派别斗争的最好手段。与“三反五反”时期的反腐对比，两个时期反腐的不同

阶级本质一目了然。通过反腐，官僚系统内的各派别被打倒，官僚资产阶级达到了空前地统一

和集权。

——北大马会《共和国的历程》

上面材料讲的是反腐，实际上扫黑除恶也可以套进去，一样的道理。真正的扫黑

除恶必须由革命群众来进行，摧毁扫黑除恶的土壤也只有通过革命群众才能得以实现。

还有什么“三个代表”啦、“人类命运共同体”啦，都不值得我再提了。肯定会

有人再造出一千个，一万个理由来反驳我，没事，这些东西会被历史扔进垃圾堆。

想必，你已经认识到了改革开放的错误性及其原因。改革开放本来就是资本主义

的改革开放，不可能给劳动人民带来好处。

那么，我们应该要怎样的社会呢？为了这个社会我们要怎么办呢？相信你读完这

本书，就会有答案。不过，在本单元的最后，请允许我献上一个笑话，轻松一刻：

2006年，全国总工会领导在题为《坚持以理论创新推动工会工作创新》的讲话中指出：

“要正确认识我国的社会主义劳动关系性质，从理论上搞清楚与资本主义劳动关系的根本区

别。……中国特色社会主义新型劳动关系既不同于资本主义劳动关系，也不同于传统计划经济

时期的劳动关系，劳动关系的双方是矛盾的对立统一体，从总体上讲是劳动者与建设者之间的

矛盾，是人民内部矛盾，具有根本利益的高度一致性和具体利益的相对差异性。这种矛盾和差

异在我国现阶段不具有根本的对抗性，能在协商、协调的基础上得以解决，从而保持劳动关系

的和谐稳定。”

文章断言“中国特色社会主义新型劳动关系……的双方是矛盾的对立统一体，从总体上讲

是劳动者与建设者之间的矛盾”。问题是劳动者与建设者怎么成了“双方”了呢？并且是“矛

盾的对立统一体”？“劳动者”究竟是些什么人？“建设者”又是些什么人？把“劳动者”同

“建设者”区分开来、对立起来，说他们是劳动关系中的一对矛盾，是矛盾的双方，词义上、

逻辑上是讲不通的。

劳动者不是建设者，劳动者不建设；建设者不是劳动者，建设者不劳动。这怎么可能？问

题的要害是：这种不劳动的、同劳动者相矛盾的“建设者”究竟是什么人？

劳动者就是建设者，建设者就是劳动者，就是这些人们。由此可见文章所称的那种戴着

“建设者”帽子的、同劳动者相对立的、实际不劳动的“建设者”实际也是不建设的，把他们

称为“建设者”是虚假的。

所谓“中国特色社会主义事业的建设者”是一个模糊阶级本质的概念，它既包含劳动者、

无产阶级，又包含剥削者、资产阶级。全总领导讲话中所说的同劳动者相矛盾，双方对立统一

的，实际上既不劳动、又不建设的虚假的“建设者”，就是资产阶级！

在社会主义中国，偏要在社会主义劳动者之外，杜撰出一个“社会主义建设者”来，无非

是因为实际上中国已经出现了新的资产阶级，这有悖于社会主义原则，更是中国工人阶级和劳

动人民所不能接受的，有些人理亏心虚，为了掩盖事实本质，美化资产阶级，所以就讳言阶级，

更不承认已经重新产生了新的资产阶级、剥削阶级，重新出现了阶级分化和矛盾，无产阶级已

经重新处在被剥削的地位上。这完全违背马克思主义。

……既然党和国家的政策鼓励发展私有经济，中国社会中重新产生资产阶级，产生资产阶

级与无产阶级的矛盾是必然的。这种矛盾的本质是不可调和的、对抗性的，是不可能掩盖的。

更何况除去土生土长的中国资本家，还有港、台的，外国的资本家进入，难道也能把他们称为

“建设者”？有什么必要弄出一个道理上说不通的“建设者”来为资产阶级打掩护？鲜明地以

马列毛主义为指针，进行阶级分析，明确资产阶级的存在，资产阶级与无产阶级矛盾的存在，

制定正确的政策，才能处理好这对矛盾。

——选自《中国工人阶级社会地位演变实录》，这里提取大意

在这个社会，生产资料(生产物资需要的东西，例如工具，原料)归少数资本家所

有。在这个制度下，生产物资的唯一目的是获利。

简单来说，资本家开厂子，工人打工。

造乒乓球不是因为有人“想要”，而是因为有人“想买”，也就是因为能乒乓球

卖钱，所以这就造成了严重的浪费（浪费性生产）。

新技术也仅在能赚更多钱时才被采用，比如你发明了一种能让全人类不用吃饭的

东西，但因为这会让卖吃的资本家亏本，最终这么伟大的发明也不会被采用。

资本主义发展到高级阶段就是帝国主义（参看第六讲）。

资本主义的坏处多的很，你把大兴安岭全砍完造成纸还不够我写的！这里我只说

几条（不过也够长的）。

假设你每天工作10小时，老板给你的工资是100块钱，实际上你可能不用7小时就

创造了100块钱的财富，那你剩下的3个多小时岂不相当于白给老板打工？

每个工人都会有那么些时候（工资的计算形式不会影响这个）是在白干，只有这

样老板才不至于做亏本生意，这就是我们常说的剥削。

老板还可以从其他方面来搞你的工资，况且他们也不止搞你一个，所以他们不愁

吃不愁穿。

你辛辛苦苦一年到头赚两三万，好一点五六万，他们躺在办公室里不知道一个月

就能挣几十万甚至几十个亿，是你自己不努力没本事吗？

不！是这些资本家不劳而获！

我们的青山绿水，我们的新鲜空气，就是被这些不劳而获而又不负责任的人搞坏

的！！！

他们只在乎钱，根本不管什么环不环保（日本倒核废水入海就是个生动的例子）。

如果不是因为百姓怨声载道，上面才被迫派点什么文件下来，山还不知道有多秃，河

水还不知道有多黑，感染呼吸道疾病的还不知道多少人。

再讲个笑话，之前汕头市的环保整改项目是一个都没有按时完成，然后所谓的

“督查组”让他们去跟老百姓一起住在臭水沟旁边，这汕头市的领导班子居然还“当

即表示赞同”。

学会运用武器，

认清修正主义，

坚决斗争到底！

臭名昭著的经济危机也是资产阶级搞出来的东西。我们接着刚刚那个剥削的逻辑，

资本家为了更多钱，就扩大生产，剥削更多的工人。

我们说过，。

买东西买的最多的，也就是消费最多的是工人还是资本家？显然是占绝大多数的

工人。可是工人们的工资是被剥削的，也就是被砍了一截。换句话说，这些工人所有

的工资加起来还比不过他们生产的所有商品价格的总和。你说这些工人能买的下社会

上所有的商品吗？资本家比起工人人数很少，况且他们还要留着钱去扩大生产，他们

也不会买的很多。

随着时间的推移，卖不出去的商品越来越多，工厂就没有资金，没法再生产新的，

工人也拿不到工资，失业等矛盾一下子就爆发了。这便是经济危机。有资本家想了个

损招，用贷款什么的来刺激消费，那死得更惨。

失业的工人干嘛呢？自杀、饿死、偷盗、抢劫、卖淫……太过悲惨，不想说了。

迄今为止，任何一个资本主义都没有突破这个怪圈，也不可能突破。任何所谓的

“改革”都没有改变这个本质，只能是给资本主义再苟延残喘一会。

你工人敢讨薪？“扰乱治安”“破坏秩序”，抓！

你工人敢起诉？驳回！反扣罪名上去！

你工人敢在网上说坏话？封杀！抓起来！打死你与我何干？！

我们之前也提到过，反正《劳动法》就是做做样子，废纸一本。你没钱关我大老

板什么事？！

教育私有化把学生们变成了市场竞争的工具，衡水的中学听说过吧？以前人们还

觉得这些学生很努力，很值得学习，现在衡水的中学风评都不咋地。资本家为了教育

这块市场，通过洗脑、他律，发疯似的控制学生，让他们的分数高高的，以便跟其他

学校搞恶性竞争，让自己的学校芳名远扬，然后更多的家长送钱过来。这些学校也被

嘲弄为“监狱”。

有个更像监狱的监狱叫“豫章书院”，想必各位也听说过。这又何尝不是私有化

教育的产物呢？

医疗私有化就更不得了了。莆田系黑医院听说过吗？魏则西事件了解一下？贪心

的资本家为了钱已经到了草菅人命的地步了！！！

市场销售S 资本家

原料、电费等

工人

资本家要想不亏本，必有

然而里的绝大部分却要靠工人的来贡献

无产阶级推翻少数资产阶级统治，生产资料归占多数的无产阶级所有，按劳分配。

在这个社会，生产的目的是满足需求而不是获利，

生产罕见病的药物不是因为能赚钱，而是因为有人需要！

新技术的采用就是为了减少人类工作压力，有效自动化。

因此科技会被最大程度的利用，减少浪费。

由于生产不是为了利润，就业人口大幅提高，嗯，

在资本家的宣传下，人人都有工作成了坏事哈。无产阶

级分享所有生产成果，因此报酬空前提高，工时大大减

少。在社会主义社会，政府的工作是协调生产，满足社

会的需要。成员由选举产生，直接对群众负责。同时防

止资产阶级死灰复燃。

社会主义过渡的最高目标，是一个没有国家机器和

中央领导的、由生产者自由联合控制生成的无国界无阶

级社会。技术将人类从最繁重重复的生产里解放，去进

行其他自我完善发展的事业，在共产主义社会，工作自

由，由劳动者决定劳动方式。工作是人类发展的普遍需

求。劳动者可以完全、自由、及时地获得社会化大生产

的成果，工资毫无意义。货币最终消失。在这个社会脱

离人民的中央政府不再必要，生产由众多联合起来的自

由组织共同调控。

阶级的划分由人们在特定的社会经济结构中所处的不同地位和结成的不同关系决

定。

：奴隶社会下拥有生产资料和奴隶，残酷剥削奴隶和自由民的阶级。

：奴隶社会下一无所有，劳动无报酬（直属奴隶主），没有自由的阶级。

：专制和封建社会下持有土地所有权，主要以地租形式剥削农民的阶级。

：专制和封建社会下占有或部分占有生产资料，靠从事农业劳动为生。随社

会分化分为贫农、中农、富农，富农经常归为地主阶级。在资本主义社会

中与工人阶级同属无产阶级。

：资本主义社会的发展中国家里依附外国及本国落后势力并直接为其服

务的阶层（阶级中的不同层次），属大资产阶级。适应外国经济侵略

瓜分的需要、为外国人服务，是外国侵略势力勾结本国政府官员、资

产阶级、富农等落后势力压迫本国人民的帮助者。

：资本主义社会下的发展中国家里自身的经济发展与外国没有太多联系，

资本相较国有经济或买办资产阶级势力较弱的阶层，大部分属中等或

小资产阶级、小部分属大资产阶级。主要由土地所有者、商人、官员、

手工作坊主转化而来。

：帝国主义下掌握垄断资本、操纵社会经济的社会阶层，属大资产阶级。

靠垄断资本、生产、市场获得垄断利润，组织垄断组织、兼并其它弱

小的资产阶级阶层。积极参与争夺国际市场和原料产地，对外直接投

资。

：占有一小部分生产资料或少量财产，常既不受剥削也不剥削别人，主要

靠自我劳动为生。一小部分有轻微剥削。

：分工人阶级和农民阶级。在资本主义社会指没有生产资源、靠出卖劳动力

为生的雇佣劳动者阶级。在社会主义社会已摆脱被剥削压迫的地位，成为

掌握国家政权的领导阶级，对资产阶级实行无产阶级专政。

：实际上并不存在。

怎么不能实现？强调一下，！

凭什么认为共产主义实现不了呢？“人性自私”?

有很多人都认为：“人是自私的，所以很难做到社会主义所必须要求的品格公

正。”当然，加强领导者的思想建设与降低其物质享受水平很是必要——这样会防止

官本位（以做官拥权为上）的问题，但并不是说领导者不能根据客观需要多配给一些

必要物质条件（比如领导开小灶补身体）。

不过这种“人性自私论”还是根本站不住脚。要讲明这一点，就需要马克思主义

哲学。

资本主义很喜欢人性自私论这种论调，毕竟资本主义社会里人性都自私——资本

主义以此说明它是最适合人类的制度，也是人类最后的制度。这种观点把基本的生存

需求也当作是“自私”，把资本主义制度看作从这种“自私”的人性产生。

照这样说，狼在走投无路的时候会自相残杀，比人还自私，是不是更适合资本主

义？不是，因为狼不会发明东西，智力也不够。这不是恰好证明了吗？

更何况，

如果人的思想全凭自然性，就和普通动物没什么区别了。生活中很

多人会在特殊的情况下放弃自己的生命挽救别人，这种行为是完全无私的，完全是明

知有损自我利益还去做的。他们死后，任何的追悼和赞誉对他们都没有意义，因为人

死了，哀悼对他们没有多少利益可言，顶多对家属有益。如果说人的本能是求生，那

这时人的社会性或人的“教化”便战胜了本能。

这时又有人会指责：“可人还有无限的欲望需要满足！唯有资本主义拒绝政府的

干预，满足了这种自由！”

“好一个自由！无产者除了接受资产阶级向他们提出的条件或者饿死、冻死、赤

身露体地到森林中的野兽那里去寻找一个藏身之所，就再没有任何选择的余地了。”

——恩格斯《英国工人阶级状况》

资产阶级却从不强调自己的自私，也不提控制或抑制自己，而怪罪无产阶级太多

欲望。既然知道人性自私，为什么还不断助长激化矛盾？为什么不抑制金融寡头蚕食

人民财富的自私？既然自私已造成如此大的贫富差距并使无产阶级被困在那么多的枷

锁中，为什么还提倡私有制？

鼓吹永恒自私的人在被驳倒后总会说：面对现实吧。这种说法只不过是其逻辑被

推倒，无可奈何地发出最后的哀叹。这种“现实”指的是当前资本主义社会的现实，

并不是整个人类社会永恒的现实。资本主义之前的一切社会也都如出一辙，只不过他

们提倡的不是“人性自私”，而是“君权神授”。

提出这个问题的人或许还会说：“人民公社的大锅饭那种东西可都是平均主义

啊！” 其实，社会主义是按劳分配，多劳多获；共产主义是按需分配，多需多获！从

来就没有什么平均主义！（大锅饭也不是社会主义的锅，参见第八讲）

来具体说一说。计划经

济一般是无产阶级掌握的人民政府按事先制定的计划和劳动者的生产情况提出国民经

济和社会发展的总体目标，制定合理的政策和措施，有计划地安排重大经济活动，引

导和调节经济运行方向。计划经济资源的分配，包括生产什么、生产多少,都由政府计

划决定，高度集中。所以计划经济难免会有僵化的趋势，可相比于市场经济又好多了。

社会主义和共产主义的建设发展中，一定要注意

不过计划经济还不是一切：在发展计划经济时，必须提防修正主义复辟，否则计

划经济会成为更先进的压迫群众之工具（赫鲁晓夫及其之后的苏联）。就连划时代的

物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦都看出了这个问题：

“计划经济还不就是社会主义。计划经济本身还可能伴随着对个人的完全奴役。

社会主义的建成，需要解决这样一些极端困难的社会—政治问题：鉴于政治权力和经

济权力的高度集中，怎样才有可能防止行政人员变成权力无限和傲慢自负呢？怎样能

够使个人的权利得到保障，同时对于行政权力能够确保有一种民主的平衡力量呢？”

——《爱因斯坦文集第三卷·为什么要社会主义》

马克思主义对社会历史的研究，是从“现实的个人”出发的。所谓现实的个人，

就是处在现实的历史过程中从事活动的、首先是从事生产活动的人——我们进行其他

任何一种活动，都必须在基本需要即吃穿住行等满足后才能实现。因此，对现实的个

人的分析，就必然引出对物质资料生产活动的分析。可见，唯物史观的第一个基本观

点就是：

，是人类特有的活动形式。正因为劳动是一种社

会活动，它就必须采取一种社会的形式。生产活动的社会形式又可以划分为两个方面：

生产力和生产关系。这个我们之前已经粗略提到过。

所谓

要使生产力真正发挥出来，还需要人与物的一定的结合形式——这种结合形式，

即

在总的历史发展中, ,是不是说,

生产关系对生产力完全是被动的、消极的东西呢?决不是的。

。

【例】旧中国在帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治下,地主阶级和买办阶级代

表中国最落后的最反动的生产关系,生产力遭到极为严重的束缚和破坏。解放前,中国

不仅几乎没有机器制造业,更没有汽车制造业和飞机制造业。钢的年产量除东北外只有

几万吨。连人们的一般生活用品也大都是从外国来的，布叫洋布,连小到一枚铁钉,也

叫洋钉。在这种情况下,推翻帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的反动统治,改变买

办的封建的生产关系,建立社会主义的生产关系,对于促进生产力的发展,就具有主要的

决定的作用了。

在生产关系和生产力的问题上,是坚持它们之间的辩证统一论,还是宣扬反动的唯

生产力论, 。

【例】来看看八大决议中的所谓“先进的社会主义制度同落后的社会生产力之间的矛

盾”这一修正主义谬论。在我们国家里,社会主义的生产关系同生产力的发展基本上是

相适应的,它为生产力的发展开辟了广阔的天地但它还有不完善的方面,这些不完善的

方面则是同生产力的发展相矛盾的。

社会主义革命的实践告诉我们:总是社会主义制度的优越性推动生产力的发展,总

是在改革了生产关系中不适应生产力发展的部分以后,才能促进生产力的进一步发展。

哪里有什么“先进的社会主义制度同落后的社会生产力之间的矛盾”呢?

但是,旧的生产关系的消灭和新的生产关系的产生,不可能是顺利无阻的。旧生产

关系的变革,新生产关系的建立和完善, 所以,要了解旧的

生产关系是怎样被变革的,新的生产关系是怎样建立和完善的,仅仅从生产关系同生产

力的矛盾来说明是不够的,还必须从上层建筑同经济基础的关系来考察。

直接决定上层建筑的因素，实际上是生产方式中生产关系这一方面。因此，为了具体

地研究生产方式和社会上层建筑之间的关系，我们将

那么，经济基础和上层建筑之间的关系又是怎样的呢？

在上层建筑同经济基础的矛盾中, 。经济

基础决定上层建筑,有什么样的经济基础,才有什么样的上层建筑;经济基础改变

了,“全部庞大的上层建筑也或慢或快地发生变革”。

旧的经济基础瓦解了,在这个基础上建立起来的上层建筑必然要随着瓦解,但是它

的瓦解是有快有慢的。

特别是同没落的阶级相联系的旧的意识形态,还会在很长

的时期内存在着。

【例】中国古代有一段春秋战国的历史，其中诞生了封建生产关系，反动的奴隶主阶

级为了维护自己的利益，运用自己手里的国家机器企图扼杀新兴的地主阶级，地主阶

级经过了长时间斗争才打败了奴隶主阶级。

【例】在资本主义社会,随着生产社会化和生产资料私人占有制之间矛盾的尖锐化,客

观上早已要求以社会主义公有制来代替资本主义私有制。但是,资产阶级掌握着反动的

国家机器,并运用它来为维护资本主义的经济基础服务。无产阶级如果不首先打碎资产

阶级的国家机器,就不可能消灭资本主义经济制度。新老修正主义者鼓吹的什么“资本

主义可以和平长入社会主义”,“资本主义可以改良”，那完全是骗人的鬼话。

在社会主义社会,上层建筑同经济基础相适应的一面是基本的。但是,资产阶级及

其意识形态的存在,国家机构中某些官僚主义作风的存在,以及国家制度中某些环节上

缺陷的存在等等,这些,对于社会主义经济基础的巩固、完善和发展,又是起阻碍甚至破

坏作用的。要使社会主义上层建筑更好地为社会主义经济基础服务,就必须狠抓上层建

筑领域的斗争,把上层建筑领域的社会主义革命进行到底。

接下来我们谈谈阶级斗争，

。阶级产生的两个基本前提是剩余产品的出现和私有制的形成。阶级

的本质在于与特定的生产关系相联系、在经济上处于不同地位的社会集团或人群共同

体。

由于共产主义已经消灭阶级，也就不存在阶级斗争；原始社会因为生产力极度匮

乏自发实行公社制度，也不存在阶级斗争。

资本主义与社会主义社会主要存在

（资本主义为资产阶级专政，社会主义为无产阶级专政）。

由于阶级斗争体现在各个层面——民族、国家、社会、思想等等（

），所以。

【例】我们来看看阶级斗争熄灭论与阶级斗争有限论。前者是赫鲁晓夫等和刘少奇

（我们后面会算算这个人的账）所鼓吹的，后面那个是邓小平根据前面的改进的。邓

小平承认有个别资产阶级分子，却不承认有一个资产阶级；承认有阶级斗争，却不承

认阶级斗争的普遍存在。实际上都是对马克思主义的歪曲，唱的是一个调调。

有没有只有个别破坏分子而不再有阶级的历史阶段呢？有的，那就是共产主义

社会的初期阶段。可见邓小平喜欢“大跃进”，一跃进就忘乎所以了。

“只有共产主义才能完全不需要国家，因为那时已经没有人须要加以镇压——这

里所谓‘没有人’，是指阶级而言，是指对某一部分居民进行有系统的斗争而言。我

们不是空想主义者，我们丝毫也不否认个别人捣乱的可能性和必然性，同样也不否认

有镇压这种捣乱的必要性。”

——列宁《国家与革命》

？

主观思想的普遍表现。普遍意义上指不分析事物的变化发展、不研究事物矛盾的

特殊性（按马克思主义哲学，事物的矛盾一直存在并随物质的发展而发展，从不静止

和消失），只是生搬硬套现成的原则、概念处理问题，把马克思主义的书面个别词句

当作僵死的教条，拒绝对具体问题进行具体分析，反对把马列毛主义的普遍真理与革

命的具体实践相结合。

就比如有些人，现在就想要去农村搞革命根据地，也不想想现在的农村与以前的

农村有什么区别。

“正确的理论必须结合具体情况并根据现存条件加以阐明和发挥。”

——《马克思致哥贝尔特·奥本海姆的信》

“我们的理论是发展着的理论，而不是必须背得烂熟并机械地加以重复的教条。”

——《恩格斯致弗洛伦斯·凯利-威士涅威茨基的信》

“没有调查，没有发言权。”

——《毛泽东选集第二卷》

民族指在文化、语言、历史与其它人群在客观上有所区分的一群人，是近代以来

通过研究人类进化史及种族所形成的概念，也是

。由于历史的原因，一个国家

可以有不同民族，一个民族可以生活在不同的国家里。现代的民族概念可以是以国度

为区分的人群，也可以单指有共同的文化概念而没有共同语言、历史来源的人群。现

代同一个民族可有不同的宗教信仰；同一个民族可有不同的历史渊源，不同的民族可

用相同的语言；不同的民族可在后期融合成新民族。

我国的“民族”更类似于“国族”——以政治目的结成的新族群。在文化习俗融

合的情况下，国族不可以直接转化成民族概念。所以我国的“民族主义”更应该称作

“国族主义”。

民族主义站在国际主义的对立面。全球所有无产阶级不分民族和国家，都受资本

家剥削，本质上是一个利益共同体。全球无产者不应该受“民族”和“国家”思想

（特指被资产阶级化而对资产阶级有利的“民族”和“国家”思想）束缚，应该

（但不是说我们直接

武装打击其他资本主义国家）。

共产主义者都应是国际主义者，应该否定民族主义，但应该把民族主义思想作为

政治斗争的重要宣传策略——毕竟“民族”和“国家”在社会主义中作为无产阶级专

政的工具还有利用的价值，但。

不同阶级有不同的爱国主义。奴隶主阶级有奴隶主阶级的爱国主义，地主阶级有

地主阶级的爱国主义。放到现在，那就是资产阶级有资产阶级的爱国主义，无产阶级

有无产阶级的爱国主义，有时帝国主义也会拿爱国主义的旗子去维护统治甚至侵略别

国。

资产阶级的“爱国主义”的目的就是要维护他们的剥削制度，换句话说，

无产阶级是彻底的爱国主义者。中国无产阶级登上政治舞台以后,在中国共产党的

领导下,经过长期艰苦卓绝的斗争,推翻了帝国主义及其走狗在中国的统治。解放以后,

中国无产阶级又和帝国主义、社会帝国主义的包围,封锁、侵略和颠覆活动进行针锋相

对的斗争,并以极大的爱国热情,奋发图强,在短短的二十多年时间里就把贫穷落后的旧

中国变成初步繁荣昌盛的社会主义新中国。

对被压迫民族和国家的无产阶级来说,爱国主义与国际主义是完全一致的。毛主席

曾指出:“爱国主义就是国际主义在民族解放战争中的实施。”如我国的抗日战争,抗

美援朝战争,朝鲜、越南人民的抗美救国战争,都既是反侵略的爱国战争,又是对别国人

民革命的支援。世界各国人民的革命斗争从来都是相互支持的。当前,第三世界各国反

对两个超级大国的侵略、颠覆、干涉、控制和欺压的斗争,既是正义的爱国斗争,同时

又是对整个世界革命的有力支持。

——上海人民出版社1975年版《哲学小辞典》

小粉红所鼓吹的爱国，其实就是做资本家的走狗，助纣为虐。他们的社会主义，

就是搞资本主义；他们的爱国主义，就是巴结资本家，巴结帝国主义，压迫老百姓；

他们的唯物主义，那不得了，牛鬼蛇神一大堆，把某位都捧到天上去了！

如果他们生在中华民国时代，蒋介石一定会好好支持他们！

。19世纪末，资本主义先进国家陆续

进入帝国主义阶段。列宁同志指出：帝国主义是垄断（一个或几个大企业控制整个行

业，一家独大，把行业大部分利润控制在自己手中）、寄生、腐朽、垂死的资本主义。

首先看它的垄断性。列宁同志在名作《帝国主义是资本主义的最高阶段》中划分

了帝国主义的主要经济特征：

生产和资本的积聚发展到如此之高，以至于出现了在经济生活中有决定作用的

（自由资本主义的竞争从此变成资本家联合同盟的更大规模内斗）；

银行（从周转钱财的机构变为被大资本家支配的财富机器，股票变成赚钱的绝佳选择）与

工业资本融为一体，在“财政资本”基础上形成（控制几乎全社会的经济生产利润）；

不同于商品输出的（向落后资本主义国家倾销产品、抢夺生产资料和劳动力，使

其变成经济上的殖民地）意义变得极为重要；

资本家的形成；

大资本主义列强（以前是政治上变成实际的殖民地，现在是经济

上变成难以察觉的殖民地，各国资本家为争夺殖民地掀起世界大战）。

再看它的寄生和腐朽。大资本家（尤其是董事长）不劳而获的条件大大上升——

获得了大半个行业的垄断，何必非要整天担忧不止呢？甚至还可以通过发战争财，从

战败国掠取钱财。还有便是政治上的反动：垄断资本家巴不得把国家大权攥在自己手

里，以图通过政策控制群众（这尤以法西斯主义为最）。

最后，资本家特别雇佣的“工人贵族”在工人维权斗争中所起的投机与反动作用

在帝国主义时代达到最盛。

可它为什么垂死了呢？笔者在前面已经提过，资本主义已经为社会主义建立了生

产社会化的物质前提。这一点在帝国主义达到最胜——这是垄断资本家极力扩充利润

的必然结果。随之而来的便是无产阶级劳动强度更大，阶级矛盾进一步尖锐。再加上

另一些原因，便会导致帝国主义总危机（而非单纯的经济危机）的开始——各方面全

面的大危机。这时候，政客们就要叫嚣“世界大战不可避免”，妄图转移矛盾。可

。

这跟“先富带动后富”一样可笑。这个经典命题，已经有了无数简称：“奋斗

论”“不断奋斗论”“努力论”“努力教”……它的本质是资产阶级的拜物教（物质

水平决定一切）。信奉它的人甚至创造了“努力史观”，鼓吹什么“努力的人创造历

史”，令人捧腹。

试想一下，资本家剥削了无产阶级的劳动成果，只发给了尽可能少的一部分，把

经济的命脉攥在自己手里。无产阶级又有多大概率成功成为资本家呢？

如果是修正主义刚刚复辟或自由资本主义时代，或许有可能成为小资本家或大资

本家，然后成为昔日的兄弟——无产阶级的打击对象。如果是帝国主义时代（中国现

在就是如此），垄断资本家掌控生产资料，更是没有什么机会跻身资本家行列了，有

这个想法还不如去大街上买张彩票。

创业者呢？其实他们只是极少数成功者，官僚只想让你看到他们想让你看到的。

并且，这些所谓的创业者，有多少能晋级为大资本家而不是在复杂的市场竞争中破产

呢？

有些人还误以为：如果努力工作，资本家会提拔自己，最后把企业转交给自己。

一派胡言！如果资本家提拔无产阶级，只能是为让此人为自己所用（“御用文人”一

类）哪个资本家会愿意为提拔别人劳神费力呢？更何况古往今来，大多资本家都把企

业传给了后代——传给昔日的工人者屈指可数。

一位同志说：“幸福不是奋斗出来的，是斗争出来的！”努力论归根结底是小资

产阶级思想的代表。小资产阶级出于自身利益的需要，既不支持马列毛主义者的平等

待人（贫穷是因为“不奋斗”）也不支持资产阶级提倡的资产阶级法治（不奋斗“活

该被欺压”），不但自以为是而且还装成一副自己可以幸运到粉碎一切阶级障碍取得

成功的样子。

这种人是另一种无知的体现。这个问题就是在说：“机器会消灭工人，让工人全

下岗！”可是自第一次工业革命甚至之前，机器早出现了，工人怎么至今还没下岗？

这种人又会气势汹汹地说：“你太无知了！人工智能不同于以前的任何机器，它

可以模仿人类意识，在工作上比人更胜一筹！”

这更加说明了他们对政治经济学一窍不通。机器这种东西，给它电和原料，它就

工作；不给，它就罢工，资本家一点办法没有。机器不怕扣工资——它不需要工资；

也不怕打，打它的话，只会损害资本家的利益。

就算机器真的已经牛皮到可以自己生产自己，完全0投入，那这么低成本，生产出

来的商品是怎么个价格？我问你，到处都有的空气，值几个钱？就算他想贵点，在资

本主义社会，其他有同样技术的资本家为了获利，必然要比他便宜，最终价格还是会

被压到空气价，无利可图。加上越先进的机器维护、维修成本越惊人，这样的工厂必

然在破产前就被资本家们放弃。

既然从机器身上，不可能榨取一分一毫的剩余价值，资本家又怎么可能用它赚钱

呢？只能利用工人！

武器是人创造的。革命不能不需要武器，实在不行，也可以造武器。但是单靠武

器不能决定战争的胜败。还要看人！

国民党围剿红军，几十万甚至一百万对几万，武器装备都比红军好吧？还是得五

次才能把红军打到长征（还是因为红军方面的战略失策导致的）。

抗日战争后，国民党打内战，国民党军四百多万，还有美国扶持，海军空军什么

都有，解放军不到200万。然而，国民党方面不仅输掉了，还有约85万军人起义，最后

被赶到台湾那里去。

抗美援朝时期，我们的装备够落后吧？可我们还是打败了美帝国主义势力。

再讲一个更近一点的例子，叶利钦在苏联政变的时候直接在坦克上面发起义宣传

书，军队哗变，那么多的核弹头全成了摆设，等着苏联解体。

核武器威慑？你拿反物质武器威慑我，拿宇宙舰队威慑我，拿火星撞地球威慑我

都没用！你不让我活命，我就跟你拼命！

垂死挣扎的资产阶级必将败在团结联合而强大的无产阶级手下。

好家伙！也不想想资本家的老爹是谁？

这说的“爱国”应该是指爱现在的修正主义中国吧？既然是个修正主义国家，那

这个“国”本来就是资本家用来压迫工人的暴力机器，怎么会“不冲突”呢？

不好意思，特色党已经忘了初心和使命。

“中国共产党人的初心和使命，就是为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴。”

——习近平《十九大报告》

好家伙！共产党人的初心难道不应该是要共产主义？难道不是应该带领无产阶级

进行革命斗争，打倒资产阶级，进行社会主义建设？难道不应该是解放劳动人民？而

且你的“为中国人民谋幸福”我看也没有实现，反而越来越远，空头支票一张！

既然要坚持邓小平修正主义路线“一百年不动摇”，也就是要搞资本主义“一百

年不动摇”，为什么还要奢谈共产主义的“初心”，这难道不是有意欺骗人民吗？

对了，历史告诉我们，修正主义的党就喜欢欺骗人民！

有人拿三年大饥荒说事，行，撇开那造假不打草稿的死亡数据不说(远少于主流说

法的3000万人)，在人类史上饥荒从来不是什么罕见的事情，历史上死亡超过百万的事

件有一半是大饥荒，直到今天世界上饥荒还没有被消灭。可能总有人觉得自己这几十

年吃饱了，历史上所有时期的所有人都是吃饱的，或者说，都必须该是吃饱的，丝毫

认识不到人类改造自然与自然斗争的残酷性。

下面放一段文字：

美国中央情报局(CIA)官方解密的1961 年4 月4 日的绝密文件从根本上否认了饿

死几千万的谎言，白纸黑字，铁证如山!

这份美国中央情报局(CIA)官方关于1960 年中国灾荒报告的解密文件，刊登在美

国中央情报局(CIA)官方网站上，任何人都可以随时查看：

http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_

0001098172.pdf

稍微有点常识的人都知道，网络域名“cia.gov”在全世界是唯一的,是不可能造

假的。已解密的美国中情局(CIA)1961 年4月4日的绝密文件：“结论...... 因为经济

上的管理不善，尤其因为两年以来的恶劣天气，造成60年的粮食产量不比57年更多，

但是却要喂养多出来的5千万人口。大规模的饥荒现在没有发生，但是在某些省区很多

人正遭受着营养不良......‘大跃进’造成了人口的流动...... ”

美国中央情报局(CIA)的这份秘密文件是专门提供给美国总统，美国政府要员和美

国军方的绝密情报，其真实性，可靠性不容置疑。

美国中央情报局(CIA)是全世界最大，最具权威，无所不能，无孔不入的美国政府

间谍机构。如果美国中情局(CIA)连饿死几千万人这样惊天动地的事情都不知道，那还

不如关门算了。

——《饿死三千万的真相（修订版）》

如果一建国就立刻不允许发生饥荒，死一个人就能说明了这个制度是多么的罪恶，

那就让我们来看两个问题，一是，以当时的生产力条件，能不能做到在自然灾害下不

发生饥荒？二是，换一个社会制度，或者说让当时可能成功的其他政权上，能不能做

到更好？

第一个问题，认为一建国就立刻拥有很高的生产力，这无疑是非常可笑的，建设

者们再强，也要在民国留下的一穷二白的，几乎没有任何工业基础的，死亡率高达千

分之35的，文盲率超过90%，连年战乱破坏了大量设施的条件下改造自然。

我们来看一看建国初期的经济数据，1953年，在经历了三年多的经济恢复之后，

特色党蒙蔽，

我们来澄清！

这个拥有六亿人口的大国总计拥有拖拉机585台，联合收割机284台，载重汽车284辆

（没错，是辆），在经历了二十多年的所谓“弯路”之后，上述指标变为了五十五万

七千余，一万八千余，七万三千余，这些农业生产所需要的重要机械永远也不会自己

从地里长出来，六十年代后更没有什么外国的援助，全靠新中国的劳动者们一个螺丝

一个钢板地造出来，这些劳动者难道不是在民国时期就活着的吗？

只看到发生了一次饥荒，死了人，便高呼，这可真是地狱，却不知道，直到七八

十年代才彻底解决吃不饱饭的问题。他们不知道这三年期间发生的自然灾害，甚至出

现了：

金辉之流在《风调雨顺的三年——1959—1961 年气象水文考》一文里，提出算平

均指数得出三年风调雨顺。怎样平均的呢？就是把洪涝设为负值，干旱设为正值，然

后将所有正负指数统统相加，这一加就旱涝相抵；另外，在时间上，上半年滴雨不下，

下半年暴雨如注，则又可以旱涝相抵。所以，没有自然灾害的结论就是这样得出的。

——《反毛言论现形记》

这些人看不到农民在人民公社的组织下战天斗地，兴修水利，开垦荒地，看不到

彻底解决了几十万人用水问题的红旗渠，看不到无数工人日夜辛劳地工作想要提升农

业机械化和现代化程度，看不到无数科研工作者进行的无数实验，看不到化肥的引进

和运用，看不到良种的使用，不知道人民公社时代修筑的水利设施直到今天还在滋润

着共和国的土地，看不到中国的千千万万劳动人民对幸福生活的渴望和为彻底终结饥

荒，让饥饿这个困绕了中国几千年的事物彻底画上句号的努力。

接下来我们对比对比蒋委员长。

蒋匪给中国人民带来了极其深重的灾难。民国至少发生过三次特大级饥荒。以

1928年大饥荒为例，仅陕西一省死者超过300万，流离失所达到600多万，二者之和占

到了陕西总人口的70%，那么国民政府的救灾行动如何呢，以1929年为例，陕西共得到

赈济款191027元（没错，元）如果这个还勉强算是天灾，那就来看看彻底的人祸。

抗战期间蒋介石命令挖开花园口大堤，黄河决堤，至1947年仅淹死就有89万人，

受灾1200万人，与之相伴的1942年河南大饥荒，死亡人数达300万。按照估算三年自然

灾害饿死人数的那吹水的计算方法，民国时期饿死人数不低于两亿。

先纠正一下，大跃进运动不是毛主席领导的，大跃进和浮夸风盛行的时候，

。也就是说，大跃进运动的实际领导者是刘少奇

和邓小平，而浮夸风现象的盛行，也是由于刘邓二人领导不力、包庇纵容才造成的。

1958年6月14日，刘少奇在同全国妇联党组织负责人谈话时宣传康有为的《大同

书》，说“我们到共产主义不要多远，十五年可以赶上美国，再有四十年、五十年中

国可以进入共产主义。”

1958年6月30日，刘少奇在同《北京日报》编辑谈话时说“我看，三、四十年之后，

可以到共产主义社会，你们看，要不要这么长？”

1958年7月5日，刘少奇在北京石景山发电厂同工人谈话时说，二三年可以超过英

国，七八年可以超过美国。

1958年7月14日到18日，刘少奇到山东寿张县视察，听说台前社亩产将达3万至5万

斤的玉米，3万至5万斤的谷子，30万斤地瓜和宏伟社亩产15000斤籽棉的丰产后，赞扬

他们说：“你们压倒了科学家，他们没敢想的，你们做到了，这是个革命。”

1958年9月19日到28日，刘少奇到江苏视察，在常熟县和平人民公社，他参观中稻

丰产实验田，他问党委书记：亩产可以打多少？回答说：可以打1万斤。刘少奇说：

“1 万斤，还能再多吗？你们这里条件好，再搞一搞深翻，还能多打些。”

——人民出版社资料室：《中国赫鲁晓夫刘少奇反革命修正主义言论集》

“在大跃进运动中，开始自己因毛主席的再三叮嘱，还是比较慎重，但到了6 月

份就‘随大流’了。因为当时的形势是：把宣传口关的这批中央领导“思想解放，敢

想敢做’的呼声压倒一切。而毛泽东的留有余地或压缩空气的声音微弱。在当时中央

领导层中，他是少数者。所以我只好‘随大流’，跟多数中央领导走，特别是跟把宣

传口关的主要领导人刘少奇、邓小平走。对于1958 年《人民日报》和新华社鼓吹‘五

风’的错误，应是把宣传口关的中央领导刘少奇、邓小平等人负责。当然，虽然不能

说《人民日报》和新华社应对1958 年的‘浮夸风’和‘共产风’负有主要责任，但我

主持这两个单位的宣传工作，在这期间造成的恶劣影响，至今仍感内疚。”

——前人民日报总编辑、新华社社长吴冷西

《忆毛主席——我亲身经历的若干重大历史事件片段》

邓小平曾在贵州鼓吹要亩产1800斤，在天津参观号称亩产11万斤的稻田，面对这

种情况，非但不批评，还站在稻上面合影留念，人称“稻上飞”。

至于反右扩大化，，他们把这场斗争扩大化的目的就是为

了转移矛盾，让无辜的人来给右派分子替罪。

毛主席原本想让我们在大跃进运动中发展生产力，但最终这场生产运动被破坏了。

毛主席发现浮夸风在各地盛行时，严厉批评了这种现象。曾被毛主席批评为“二流报

纸”的《人民日报》刊登了“亩产万斤”的消息后，毛主席根本不信。但主席本人当

时已退居二线，再怎么批评，也很难改变什么，最终，这场生产运动被否定，而黑帽

子也全被扣到了主席头上。

公共食堂与大锅饭是刘少奇亲自提出并布置的。1958 年1 月，中央在南宁市召开

了一次国务工作会议，期间刘少奇提出向苏联学习搞集体食堂，毛主席不主张，只同

意搞一个试点，由此刘少奇大吹大干。

在八大二次会议上，刘少奇讲了半工半读与生活集体化，并要北京和天津先搞试

验。

1958年6月14日，在同全国妇联党组成员谈话时，刘借谈妇女解放问题之机，建议

普遍建立公共食堂，还举例鼓励：“河南有一个农业社，有五百多户人家，其中二百

多户搞公共食堂，家庭不再作饭了。组织起来之后，出工人数增加了三分之一，从前

二百多人作饭，现在只要四十多人作饭，而且还吃得饱些，好些，还节省了粮食”。

后期的人民公社被纠正为“按劳分配”。

本单元的重点来了。

本来文化大革命已经被修正主义官方所否定，被批为“十年动乱”。事实果真如

此吗？我们从下面两幅截图可以看出，现在的人民开始拥护文革（经检验，不是个人

刷屏）。

文革的全称叫“无产阶级文化大革命”，名义上持续了约十年（1966-1976），实

质上持续了约三年（1966-1968）。。其理论基础来自马

列毛主义（尤其是无产阶级专政下继续革命的理论），成果丰硕，可惜被资产阶级扼

杀并抹黑。接下来我们粗浅谈谈这段历史。毛主席发动文革的原因，不仅是要群众批

判反动的资产阶级文艺路线，最最主要的原因，还是由于党内出现了修正主义分子，

也就是那些“走资本主义道路的当权派”，他们企图篡党夺权，复辟资本主义。

文革中一度出现混乱，集中在1966 年夏到1967 年春，前后不到一年的时间（也

就是说并非文革期间就一直混乱）。1966 年打砸抢、武斗最凶的阶段在8 月份，民间

叫作“红八月”。现在人们普遍反感文革的主要依据是文革期间的开批斗会、破四旧、

武斗等行为，这些都是红卫兵的行为。但很多人并不知道，文革期间的

。那些

（或许不少人反感“造反”这个词，但“马克思主义的道理千条

万绪，归结起来就是一句话：造反有理！”，这需要多阅读马列毛原著才能更深刻地

理解），那些。

打砸抢、武斗之类的行为多是保守派干的，例如全国武斗的起源是邓榕（邓小平

的女儿）、宋彬彬、刘亭亭等人斗死卞仲耘校长。毛主席早在文化大革命刚刚开始的

时候就明确指出“要文斗，不要武斗”（《五・一六通知》），并一直发通知说不能

搞武斗。

1966年8月5日，毛泽东同志本人所写的著名大字报《炮打司令部——我的一张大

字报》发表，引发个人崇拜的全面升温。8月8日，全会通过《十六条》，再次系统阐

述文革的理论政策，文革全面展开。8月10日，毛泽东同志在中南海接见群众时说：

“你们要关心国家大事，要把无产阶级文化大革命进行到底！”

群众要斗官僚，那么官僚就要转移矛盾，把水搅浑，让群众斗群众。保守派成立

了“西纠”等红卫兵纠察队，核心任务就是，后来的“联动”就是以

这三个组织为核心组织起来的。他们不同意将斗争矛头指向党内，而是以“破四旧”、

和“横扫一切牛鬼蛇神”为名、到处、

，，，，，而且

，，甚至有人昼伏夜出杀害对立面的人，引

起了社会治安的严重动荡，给国家和社会带来了许多灾难。

。而这些罪行，到后面居然变成了否定文革的依据。

清华大学高干子弟掌权的概况：

刘涛——国家主席刘少奇之女，“三临”（校“文革”临时筹委会、临时主席团、清

华大学红卫兵临时总部）主要负责人之一，自控系“文革”主任。

贺鹏飞——国务院副总理、国家体委主任贺龙之子，校“文革”临时筹委会主仸，校

临时主席团主任委员，机械系“文革”主任。

李黎凤——人大副委员长李井泉之子，校“文革”筹委会、临时主席团主要负责人之

一，工物系“文革”主任。

刘菊芬——人大秘书长、中央书记处书记刘宁一之女，清华大学红卫兵总头目。

乔宗淮——外交部副部长乔冠华之子，“三临”主要负责人之一，数力系“文革”主

任。

胡劲波——团中央书记处书记胡克实之子，机械系“文革”负责人。

王新民——中央监察委员会常委王维舟之子，“三临”负责人之一，无线电系“文革”

负责人。

王苏民——第四机械部部长王铮之子，“三临”负责人之一，无线电系“文革”负责

人之一。

——北京大学马克思主义学会《文革史》

1966年11月27日，保守派组织“首都红卫兵联合行动委员会”（简称“联动”）

成立，打起“中央文革把我们逼上梁山，我们不得不反”的旗号向造反派进攻，但无

所成果。12月18日，保守派领导之一谭力夫被捕；12月25日，造反派召开大会；12月

26日，“联动”召开“反对大会”，大会上他们高呼“打倒中央文革”“打倒周恩

来”“刘少奇万岁”“油煎江青”“毛主席不正确”的口号。一周后，又上演了六次

冲击公安部解救被捕者的丑剧。1967 年春该组织被取缔。

而就是这么一个组织，！

各位，你们说，保守派的总后台应该是谁呢？

毛泽东给周恩来写信说：

“最近，不少来京革命师生和革命群众来信问我，给走资本主义道路的当权派和

牛鬼蛇神戴高帽子、打花脸、游街是否算武斗？我认为：这种作法应该算是武斗的一

种形式。这种作法不好。这种作法达不到教育人民的目的。这里我强调一下，在斗争

中一定要坚持文斗，不用武斗，因为武斗只能触及人的身体，不能触及人的灵魂。只

有坚持文斗，不用武斗，摆事实，讲道理，以理服人，才能斗出水平来，才能真正达

到教育人民的目的。凡是动手打人的，应该依法处之。

……我们是无产阶级，斗争要文明一点，为什么把封建主义的东西搬出来。”

文革前老舍正在北京郊区体验生活，文革开始后他任文联的革委会主任，对文革

他是以一种积极心态参加的。批斗、殴打老舍的主力军则是北京女八中红卫兵。女八

中是干部子弟集中的中学，据女八中部分红卫兵回忆，他们当时是在学校文革领导小

组的带领下冲进文联的。这个“校文革领导小组”，在1966 年8 月前后，这些公开组

织基本被红色贵族控制。这个时候，正是这批人转移斗争大方向，把斗争矛头指向民

主人士、社会名流和知识分子的时期。更重要的是，这批人文革后大都黄袍加身，掌

管着各个要害部门。

很多人用“毛主席——文革——红卫兵——老舍自杀”的逻辑推导出毛主席得为

老舍自杀负责。这种观点错误在哪里？问题就出在第三个环节——红卫兵。文革红卫

兵并非性质一成不变，起初是高干子弟，又有走资派利用手中权力组织“保皇派”，

与真正的红卫兵对抗，而他们统统自称红卫兵。正如恩格斯所说“马克思主义的胜利，

迫使他的敌人也不得不把自已打扮成马克思主义者来从事各种破坏活动”，文革中很

多混乱与惨案都是欲破坏文革的人制造的，在文革结束后，他们又将一切责任推到真

正的红卫兵头上。这种打着红旗反红旗的伎俩，蒙蔽了众多的人，因此罪魁祸首得以

金蝉脱壳，逍遥法外。

——《反毛言论现形记》

1967年，造反派开始推行夺权行动。

由于存在党政官僚这个共同敌人，1966年大部分社会力量是联合起来的。但当官

僚被沉重打击后，

。

官僚肃清后，国内形势趋于稳定，毛泽东等人和军队方面开始转向温和派，不支

持进一步激进变革。此时军队不再忍受造反派的冲击，部分地方军队开始私自介入。

这使得夺权计划难以实行，也迫使毛指示林派军保护群众。

1月23日，军队正式介入文化大革命。此时中央尚认为形势向好、修正主义基本肃

清、文革基本可以结束了（是的，根本没想让文革搞这么久），更偏向于把军队用于

善后。与此同时，对群众的运动限制进一步扩大加深，军队也为不动摇自身地位开始

滥杀无辜，激起了造反派的进一步冲突。

2月，整个造反派和军队的矛盾大增，下层的矛盾延伸至上级，形成了中央内部的

激烈冲突。造反派殴打军队干部更引起老将军们的愤怒。2月14日，中央在怀仁堂开会，

几位老将认为文革已经大大破坏社会秩序，并要求重视党的领导。在这次会议上，他

们甚至为恐怖组织“联动”开脱，可见这些官僚是多么可耻！

不受理解的毛泽东同志很愤怒，严厉批评老将军，高层就此分裂，陷入僵持。史

称“大闹怀仁堂”。在地方，军队由于没有收到指示，为所欲为，大肆镇压群众。

“你们说江青、陈伯达不行，那就让你陈毅来当中央文革小组组长，谭震林当副

组长，余秋里当组员。再不够，把王明、张国焘请回来。力量还不够，请美国、苏联

一块来。把陈伯达、江青逮捕、枪毙！让康生去充军！我也下台，你们把王明请回来

当主席么！你谭震林也算是老党员，为什么站在资产阶级路线上说话呢？我提议这件

事政治局要开会讨论，一次不行就开两次，一个月不行就开两个月；政治局解决不了，

就发动全体党员来解决！”

——毛泽东

武汉军区把“工总”打成反革命组织，压制“二司”、和“工造”，逮捕近500

人，牵连超过6000 人；广州军区把“八一战斗兵团”打成反革命组织，压制“中大红

旗”、“珠影东方红”等；河南省军区把“郑大联委”、“8·24”打成反革命组织，

压制“二七公社”，逮捕数千人；福州军区把“红革会”、“9·2”等组织打成反革

命组织；安徽省军区把合肥“红卫军”打成反革命组织，压制“8·2革联站”、“红

革会”、“工人一司”；新疆压制“红二司”等等。2 月18 日，成都军区用飞机撒叶

剑英签发的《中央军委给成都工人造反兵团、川大“八二六”战斗团同志们的一封

信》，开始打压造反派。在这段时期内，四川全省取缔造反组织1100 多个，抓了12

万人，连同情造反派的老干部李大章、龙天宝都抓了，《红岩》作者罗广斌被迫害致

死。2 月23 日，西宁全城戒严，青海省军区副司令员赵永夫制造了“二二三”事件，

当天打死打伤革命群众340 人，逮捕、拘禁10157 人，次日又镇压了民族学院的革命

师生，打死打伤12 人，同时对革命群众采用各种刑罚实行逼、供、信，大搞跪倒“请

罪”。

——北大马会《共和国的历程》

4月，造反派正式分裂，内部矛盾随之大大激化，僵持局面全面扩大，中央竭力缓

解矛盾。军队（尤其是军中官僚）此时又不满足于权力的限制，为自身利益最大化复

活了保守派。中央以牙还牙，包括刘少奇的62名高层干部遭到批斗，促使造反派又一

次走向联合，。

1967年5月16日，在武汉当地部队支持下，保守派组织“百万雄师”成立（宣称成

员120万人，实则约50万人），本质上是官僚扶持以镇压造反派的特务集团。它的目标

是。在中央完全不知情的情况下他们竟然动

用长矛、钢盔、硫酸、军用卡车，甚至是毒气弹等武器。

6月4日，武汉军队发布《中国人民解放军武汉部队公告》（《六四公告》），成

为“百万雄师”镇压造反派的开端。一个多月里，造反派被杀者不计其数，全市通讯

设备均被切断，造反派残余不得不靠武汉市天文馆唯一可用的通讯设备发出消息。中

央文革小组的命令在武汉已经全无效果。

6月26日，中央文革紧急致电武汉军区，但无济于事。在“百万雄师”在武汉军区

操纵下挑起大规模武斗17次，杀死工人学生137人，重伤者超过1000人。中央决定直接

介入武汉。7月6日，毛泽东决定亲自到南方视察情况，由于武汉情况不明，中央决定

秘密行动。

7月14日，毛泽东，周恩来，李作鹏抵达武汉。受尽迫害的造反派群众见到毛泽东

后热泪盈眶，消息迅速传开。毛泽东来了，保守派组织也只好刷出标语表示欢迎。

7月15日，毛泽东听取汇报，说要坐镇武汉解决武汉问题，提出解决武汉问题必须

从军队解决。

7月18日，陈再道在毛泽东同志调解下同意释放造反派。但传达命令时，部分领导

却造谣是中央被造反派忽悠，军队群情激奋，“百万雄师”和独立师、29师再次“造

反”，外地支持造反派的军队则开往武汉，冲突再起。

7月21日，毛泽东同志在周恩来的建议下离开武汉。周恩来最终成功调解平息了武

汉各派。

7月25日中央宣布武汉事件为反革命暴乱，7月27日“百万雄师”被强行解散，独

立师被打成“叛军”，造反派和军队中支持造反派的分子，开始进行报复。

8月9日，林彪严厉批评军队领导人镇压群众的行径，完全赞同“揪出军内走资

派”，进行全面社会变革。但林彪毕竟是军队实际负责人，还是提出了“能挽救还是

要挽救”的妥协口号。由于毛泽东同志此时没有对军队的实际控制权，军队开始把武

器交给保守派，而造反派自造、自寻武器，。

武汉一事后，对军队的武斗发展到高潮，朱德也险遭批斗。造反派再次分裂为温

和派与激进派。

在中央文革的支持下和“揪出军内走资派”的大形势下，军队领导人和有军队背

景的官僚遭到批判。

7月25日，总政治部遭到造反派大规模冲击，402人被关押，17人被迫害致死。此

后，全国多地相继发生冲击军事机关的事件。揪出军内走资派达到高潮。已经倒台的

彭德怀，成了造反派发泄对军队怒火的主要对象，遭到残酷批斗。

而对于体制的批判自然要涉及到这个体制的代表——刘少奇。

8月5日，《炮打司令部》发表一周年，造反派在天安门广场开大会声讨刘少奇、

邓小平、陶涛。已经越来越愤怒的造反派逐渐失去理智，万般恐惧的刘少奇手持《宪

法》喊出禁止武斗也无济于事（好像不知道自己就是武斗创始人之一似的）。

造反派愈发激进。但是过度激进的要求已经开始偏离大多数人民群众的政治诉求，

甚至一度达到了无政府主义的地步。文革越走越偏，若再不限制，接下来可能进入全

面内战的混乱局面……

9月5日，江青同志宣布停止“揪出军内走资派”，军队受命恢复了秩序。10月1日

国庆节，“大闹怀仁堂”的老将出现在天安门城楼上。10月4日，中央发布《关于中小

学复课闹革命的通知》（“停课闹革命”被写进特色教科书里当作文革“罪证”，实

则持续了一年不到）。10月6日，《人民日报》提出大搞毛泽东学习班，这意味着运动

退回到意识形态领域。10月7日，毛泽东同志在讲话中把重点转向“吸收教训”，文革

从“革命”下降为“整风运动”。

1968年初，《人民日报》宣布文革进入新的军队控制“斗批改”时期。年底，

。

1968年10月，八届十二中全会上，

。

文革至此已基本成为象征性的符号，全国已经逐步恢复至正常的生产生活。为继

续解决社会不稳定因素和缓解就业问题，同时在实质上解散红卫兵，1968年12月，毛

泽东同志出了下策，批示道：“知识青年到农村支持贫下中农的再教育，很有必要。”

他同时也主张农民进城或就地在农村学习。随之上山下乡的知识青年共达1600余万人，

占全国城市人口10％。几年中，这一措施还意外地团结了民族关系。可惜文革结束后，

这些有理想却不了解政治与社会的青年没有意识到自己最初的感情用事、报复心理或

投机等加入革命的原因，不理解文革，结果成为了修正主义者抹黑文革的“证据”。

文革实际上在这时就差不多结束了。

由于文革期间人口暴增（对，没错，暴增），因此没有任何人口统计数据支持。

所以没有之前大饥荒问题炒的这么夸张。不过这数据被炒的还是很惊人的：

最开始还算稍微客观一些，说迫害死了3.5万人，被镇压、武斗而死的在40-50万

（费正清《剑桥中华人民共和国史》）。到了后来公知那成了死了200万，大概是觉得

中国人多，死得起。再到后来辛子陵那里，成了死了2000万，整了1个亿……

个人崇拜并非是无底线的洗脑崇拜。看完大家也能明白了，文革1967年之前，崇

拜的是那个击垮了官僚主义的毛泽东，代表了造反派和保守派的共同利益，当然得到

了人民的认可。而后的毛泽东则只代表了温和派，并非全民个人崇拜他。到了1968年，

中央认为毛泽东这个形象似乎是唯一能把几近分裂为两半的中国缝合起来的旗帜，是

维护团结、让军队从造反派手中得到话语权的一种方式。

用这一点去攻击毛泽东，攻击文革，是很荒唐的。事实上毛泽东自己也反对个人

崇拜：

1969 年6 月12 日，根据毛泽东的批示，中共中央发出《关于宣传毛主席形象应

注意的几个问题》的文件, 指出:“当前在国内宣传中出现了不突出政治、追求形式和

浮夸浪费的问题。今后,不经中央批准,不能再制作毛主席像章”；“各报纸平时不要

用毛主席像作刊头画”；“不要搞‘忠字化’运动”；“不要修建封建式的建筑”；

“不要搞‘早请示、晚汇报’，饭前读语录、向毛主席像行礼等形式主义的活动”。

1970 年4 月初, 毛泽东审阅中央“两报一刊”编辑部为列宁诞辰100周年所写的纪念

文章稿，写下一大段批语:“关于我的话, 删掉了几段,都是些无用的, 引起别人反感

的东西。不要写这类话, 我曾讲过一百次, 可是没有人听, 不知是何道理, 请中央各

同志研究一下。”他在稿中删去了:“毛主席是当代最伟大的马克思列宁主义

者”,“把马克思列宁主义提高到一个崭新的阶段”,“毛泽东思想是帝国主义走向全

面崩溃、社会主义走向全世界胜利的时代的马克思列宁主义”,“毛泽东同志就是当代

的列宁”，等等。

这个不用我再多说了。

（一）1949 年5 月初刘少奇到天津，就和资本家大谈什么今天

。

（二）刘少奇在大跃进中；1959年提出“三自一包，

四大自由”：“自留地、自由市场、自负盈亏、包产到户”，“自由租地、自由贷款、

自由雇工、自由贸易”，完全是搞资本主义，致使1961年至1962 年农业生产陷入低谷。

（三）刘少奇1968年年初患糖尿病、冠心病、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿，中央专门

派医疗组给他治疗、看护、抢救。如果真是故意“整”刘少奇，当时刘已经被批判得

很厉害，到后面直接开除党籍，完全可以让他就那样病死，不予医治，也无人非议。

（四）1966年6月初，刘邓主持的中央政治局常委扩大会议决定向北京市的大学和

中学派出工作组，将大量无辜学生打成“右派”、“反革命分子”，压制学生运动，

造成早期五十多天的“白色恐怖”。

（五）其妻子王光美回忆：文革并不是为了打倒刘少奇；毛主席虽然对少奇同志

很不满，写了大字报，但还是当人民内部矛盾，当作是自己同志犯错误，并没有立案

审查，更没有要把少奇同志整死。

（六）早在1963 年开展的“四清”运动中，王光美到桃园蹲点，就搞戴高帽、

“喷气式”、罚站罚跪、火烤、冷冻等武斗手段，在1964 年刘少奇将其作为“桃园经

验”推广，进一步迫害广大干部、群众。

而且你看，到最后我们也只是把他开除出党。他罪行累累，开他党籍算是很轻的

处罚了。

实际上文物还是被严格保护的，过于激进的行为持续不久就结束了。大部分红卫

兵很理智，并且主动保护文物，日本和光大学美术史教授宫川寅雄1966年11月于《东

京朝日新闻》发表的一篇题为《红卫兵赞》的文章也可证实，节选如下：

从中国旅行归来，已经一个半月了。回来以后，经常看到和听到一些报纸杂志及

无线电广播在说什么“中国的红卫兵在这次文化大革命运动中把中国文化遗产和文物

都破坏了”之类的话，而且说得很热闹，象煞有介事似的。其中尤以莫斯科方面的宣

传最为起劲，显得非常热心的样子。

这些报道使我觉得很奇怪。这次我同三位日本画家和几位中国美术的研究者一同

访问中国，亲自目睹，中国的一切有历史价值的古文物及文化遗产，不但丝毫没有遭

到损伤破坏，而且还被保护得很好，很完整地保存在那里。这是我们同行者一致可以

肯定的事实。……

我们是八月二十二日到达北京的，那时正当文化大革命的高潮。故宫博物馆和历

史博物馆内部的一切文物依然完整如昔。

我们离开北京以后，被招待到洛阳的龙门石窟去参观。那里的红卫兵们，高举着

“保护国家文化财产”的标语。可见所谓“中国文化遭劫”之类的说法，是不真实的。

在上海，我们特别参观了上海博物馆，看到了许多精选的古代名画。无论在龙门也好，

在上海也好，丝毫都看不到中国的文化遗产有被损伤的迹象。

……

总之，在我这次的访华旅行中，所谓“破坏文化”不但连影子都没见过，而且到

处还看到爱护文化遗产和保护文物的年青的红卫兵。变化是有的。那就是强调古文物

生产的人民性，不再归功于帝王将相了。一切都朝着符合新中国国情的方向去改革。

今后的中国美术史学，一定也会沿着这一路线迅速前进的。

1967年5月14日，中共中央统一下发了《关于无产

阶级文化大革命中保护文物图书的几点意见》，要求

各地进行文物保护及其宣传教育工作，此文件的执行

效果很好，不仅破坏文物马上刹住了，而且很多已经

被破坏的文物得到了及时的补救。长沙马王堆、银雀

山竹简、金缕玉衣和西安兵马俑这样的重大考古发现

也都是文革中的成就。

文革结束后国家文物局对全国文物受损情况进行

清点，国务院已经公布的180余处全国文物重点保护

单位，除了西藏有一处被破坏外，其他都得到了保护。

中央在1966年8月8日通过的《中共中央关于无产阶级文化大革命的决定》中明确

说到“抓革命，促生产”。虽然在比较混乱的1967年国民经济遭受比较大的损失，但

在整个十年中，国家的经济建设仍在进行，“三五”、“四五”国民经济计划完成，

即使是《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》也不得不承认这一点。

1967年至1976年，工农业总产值年平均增长率为7.1%，社会总产值年平均增长率为6.8%，

国民收入年平均增长率为4.9%。

1976年与1966年相比，工农业总产值增长79%，社会总产值增长77.4%，国民收入总额（按

当年价格计算）增长53%。生产水平：1976年和1966年主要产品产量相比，钢增长33.5%，原煤

增长91.7%，原油增长499%，发电量增长146%，农用氮、磷、钾化肥增长117.7%，塑料增长

148.2%，棉布增长20.9%，粮食增长33.8%，油料增长61.6%。在纵向上与建国初期相比较，以

1952年的工农业总产值为100%，1976年的指数626.6%比1952年的指数增长了526.6个百分点

——《中国统计年鉴（1993）》

毛泽东主义万岁

文革实际上在1968年底已经结束了，但既然修正主义官方觉得还没结束，我们就

接着往下说。

1959年9月，八届九中全会以后，林彪担任了中共中央军事委员会副主席、国防部

长。

林彪反革命政治集团有一个逐步形成的过程：

1967年，林彪与吴法宪、李作鹏、邱会作形成了一种特殊政治关系。

把黄永胜引进军委办事组担任组长，这样就形成了包括黄、吴、李、邱、叶（叶

群，林彪妻子）在内的“大联合舰队”。

通过九大，除了林彪由党章规定成为毛泽东的接班人、党中央副主席、中央政治

局常委外，黄、吴、叶、李、邱也都担任了政治局委员。

林彪集团的形成，还有另一个方面，就是安排了自己的接班人：

1967年4月，林彪、叶群把林立果送到空军。

1967年7月，经吴法宪批准，在党办成立了以林立果为组长的“空军党委调查研究

小组”，组员有王飞、周宇驰、刘沛丰等人。同月，吴法宪、王飞伙同周宇驰，违抗

中央关于在无产阶级文化大革命期间“四大”单位暂不发展党员的决定，不履行正式

手续，非法把林立果拉入党内。

1969年2月16日，林彪亲自写信给周宇驰、刘沛丰，要他们“让老虎多单独行动”，

“以便锻炼他”的“独立工作能力”。

1969年下半年，王飞把“调研小组”列为空军党办的一个小单位，“定编”六个

人。后经王飞等人精心挑选、“考验”，又拉进一些人，使这个组织进一步扩大。

10月17日，吴法宪任命林立果为空军司令部办公室副主任兼作战部副部长。吴法

宪说：“空军的一切都可以由立果同志调动，空军的一切都可以由立果同志指挥。”

当年10月（至1979年5月以前），林立果与周宇驰、王飞等以原来的“调研小组”

为基础，建立了小“联合舰队”。这个小“联合舰队”以后就成为林彪集团进行非法

的阴谋活动的主要工具。

林彪集团内部的组织结构大致是：顶端是林彪；下面是叶群，由她负责抓两个方

面：一方面是黄、吴、李、邱（大联合舰队）；另一方面是林立果、王飞、周宇驰、

刘沛丰（小联合舰队）。这是核心。外围还有争取的同盟者如陈伯达、汪东兴。他们

林彪集团的形成，不单单是为了保护自己的政治利益。他们还有自己的政治路线、斗

争目标。

林彪集团的斗争目标，通过参加一九六八年以后的中央文革碰头会的活动也逐渐

清楚地暴露出来。他们把自己看成是“枪杆子”集团，而把原中央文革的成员看成是

“笔杆子”集团。而他们认为最有可能与林彪争夺接班人位置的，就是这个“笔杆子”

集团。他们所谓“枪杆子”集团与“笔杆子”集团的斗争，

。

我们可以看出。

1969年后，军队的掌权对造反派极端不利。如果维持军管的局面，虽然文革肯定

会被名义上肯定，但造反派被军队牢牢压制，将永无翻身之日。如果结束军管，虽然

有利于反对文革的党政官僚，但造反派还有一丝希望，最终毛泽东决定强行结束军队

专政，然后开始弱化军队专政——比如直接任命新的军队干部，往林彪控制的机构派

人等等，这显然是林彪无法容忍的。

九届二中全会上，林彪搞突然袭击，鼓吹英雄史观、“天才论”，不顾毛泽东同

志反对坚持设国家主席（显然他是有目的的），林毛关系恶化。

1971年3月，林立果等在上海秘密制定反革命政变计划《“五七一工程”纪要》。

随后，林立果又在上海召开秘密会议，进一步策划实施《纪要》的各种方案并确定了

政变的指挥班子和具体分工。

从五七一工程的内容可以看出林彪集团的极右的政治立场、政治纲领、政治路线：

从理论基础、指导思想来看：他们反对无产阶级专政下的继续革命理论，说什么

“当前他们的继续革命论实质是托洛茨基的不断革命论”。

注：托洛茨基的不断革命论，主张建立社会主义国家后在仍未完成资产阶级民主革命

的国家（仍未推翻地主所有制和实现民主自由的地方）继续革命，把一国革命视为世

界革命的一部分，否则革命不会成功。不断革命论是错误的，但这跟毛主席的继续革

命理论完全不是一个意思。

从社会制度来看：他们攻击我国的社会主义制度，说什么“他们的社会主义实质

是社会法西斯主义”。他们公开提出：推翻挂着社会主义招牌的封建王朝，建设真正

的社会主义代替B52（指毛泽东同志）的封建专制的社会主义，即社会封建主义。

从国家制度来看：他们攻击我国的人民民主专政制度，说什么“他们把中国的国

家机器变成一种互相残杀，互相倾轧的绞肉机”。

从党的性质来看：他们攻击中国共产党是什么“封建专制独裁式的家长制生活”。

从党的领袖来看：他们攻击伟大领袖毛主席，说什么“他不是一个真正的马列主

义者，而是一个行孔孟之道借马列主义之皮、执秦始皇之法的中国历史上最大的封建

暴君。实际上他已成了当代的秦始皇，他们公开提出：打倒当代的秦始皇---B52。

从文化大革命来看：他们攻击什么“党内长期斗争和文化大革命中被排斥和打击

的高级干部敢怒不敢言”。

从对外关系来看：他们攻击我党在国际上反对修正主义的斗争，说什么“中苏对

立。整苏联。我们行动会得到苏联支持。”

从政治路线来看，他们攻击毛主席的革命路线是“国富民穷”，而他们要搞的政

治路线是“民富国强”。他们公开提出“用民富国强代替他国富民穷”。总之，林彪

集团的政治纲领、政治路线，就是污蔑、攻击我国的社会主义制度是封建主义，然后

打着反对封建主义的幌子，搞资本主义——“民富国强”。

等等等等。

林彪集团认为他们则面临着千载难逢的夺权好时机，“我方力量经过几年准备，

在思想上、组织上、军事上的水平都有相当提高。……革命领导权历史地落在我们舰

队头上。”

1971年9月11日中午，毛泽东同志南巡中途原计划从杭州前往上海，突然改变行程

回到北京，使得林立果的刺杀计划落空。情况败露后，林彪、林立果于9月13日仓皇出

逃，最终发生空难坠毁在蒙古，机毁人亡。史称九一三事件。

我们可以看看林彪集团反革命的特点：

一、反对文革，反对毛泽东同志；

二、向官僚和修正主义势力献媚；

三、企图复辟资本主义。

然而这些特点，邓小平修正主义都有。邓小平说九一三事件“客观上宣告了“文

化大革命”理论和实践的破产”，事实上

。

九一三事件后，毛泽东同志大受打击，身体每况愈下。1974年底，官僚恢复了不

少元气，要求找一个维护自身利益的代表。于是1975年，邓小平被任命为中央政治局

头子和中央军委总参谋长。他随即开始清洗造反派并全面平反（搞“翻案”），实行

了备受争议的“四三方案”。

邓小平对造反派要职人员进行大清洗，经过四届人大后，官僚老干部在国家机关和军队中

重新占据优势。政治上全面倒车后，邓小平开始对经济进行全面倒车了……典型例子就如在整

顿铁路运输时，提出要重视革命效果，克服所谓的无产阶级和资产阶级派性区别，实事求是，

矫枉必须过正。

之后邓小平展现出了一贯铁腕甚至冷酷的作风，对基层造反派进行血腥镇压（如徐州），

在坚决镇压了所谓的“闹事者”后，强行压制派性问题。

到了5月份，邓小平又开始进行钢铁业改革，同样是通过强行打击派性区别，建立严格的

规章制度，在9月颁布《工业二十一条》，这些都是文革期间曾经严厉批判过的东西。

紧接着，邓小平宣布开展全面平反工作，对在文革期间被批的官僚干部进行翻案，无疑大

大增强了党政官僚的实力。

邓小平整顿的意义并不仅仅是今天所说的“抓紧一切搞经济”，最重要的是：文革直接损

害了官僚集团、军队的利益，这些人至少在感情上不再愿意承认毛泽东，因此他们自然回去找

另一个“主子”来代表自己的利益，那这就成了新上台的邓小平的好机会——只要解放老干部，

否定文革和造反派，就能获得官僚和军队的支持，取得在毛泽东死后的主导权！

从邓小平早期整顿，到邓小平亲密战友华国锋粉碎所谓的”四人帮“，再带最后彻底否定

文革，就是沿着这个思路。同时对经济文化的铁腕管理，更大大提高了官僚集团的力量。

——《星火手册》

我入党四十多年，由于资产阶级世界观没有得到改造，结果堕落成为党内最大的走资派。

革命群众揭发的大量事实，使我能够重新拿着一面镜子来认识我自己的真正面貌。我完全辜负

了党和毛主席长期以来对我的信任和期望。我以沉痛的心情回顾我的过去。我愿在我的余年中，

悔过自新，重新做人，努力用毛泽东思想改造我的资产阶级世界观。对我这样的人，怎样处理

都不过分。我保证永不翻案，绝不愿做一个死不悔改的走资派。我的最大希望是能够留在党内，

请求党在可能的时候分配我一个小小的工作，给我以补过从新的机会。我热烈地欢呼无产阶级

文化大革命的伟大胜利。

——1967年，邓小平《我的自述》（你甚至能在百度文库查到这篇奇文）

“伟大的无产阶级文化大革命，在打倒了刘少奇反革命的资产阶级司令部之后，又打倒了

林彪、陈伯达这个反革命集团，再一次为党和国家消除了最大的危险，使我不禁欢呼文化大革

命的伟大胜利，毛泽东思想的伟大胜利。”

“再次肯定我对中央的保证，永不翻案。”

——邓小平给毛泽东的信

（邓小平写的）这篇所谓论“总纲”的文章，从头到尾打着“批林”、“反左”的旗号，

攻击文化大革命。林彪推行的是一条极右的修正主义路线，他们却别有用心地说成是什么“极

左”的路线，并且耸人听闻地提出，必须“彻底肃清”所谓“左”的“流毒”，“才能出现安

定团结的政治局面”。这些人由于一贯站在极右的立场上，整个文化大革命在他们眼里就变成

了“极左”。他们所谓的“反左”，就是反对毛主席的马克思列宁主义路线。他们“批林”是

假，否定文化大革命是真。

他授意炮制的这篇文章更是集中攻击文化大革命“把党的好干部”“打下台”。论“总纲”

的文章秉承他的旨意，诬蔑群众容易盲从，乱反一气，上了“极‘左’词句”的当。

党内那个不肯改悔的走资派在授意炮制这篇文章的同时，散布了这样一种论调：“文化大

革命中的那些问题一概把它忘记，根本不要去想它，也不要提它了。我记性不好，都忘记了。”

寥寥数语，把他对文化大革命的满腹冤仇，一腔恼恨，流露得淋漓尽致。

他授意炮制的文章宣称：“必须以这三项指示为纲，总结无产阶级文化大革命以来的丰富

经验，制定各项工作的具体政策，用这个工作总纲和各项政策来指导各方面的工作，整顿各方

面的工作。”试问，你们现在提出要以“三项指示为纲”来对文化大革命进行“总结”，这岂

不是说，党的九大、十大关于文化大革命的总结都不算数了吗？

论“总纲”的文章一口气说了九个方面“要整顿”，而“重点”是党的整顿，“关键”是

领导班子。他们疯狂叫嚷，要打倒所谓“反马克思主义的阶级敌人”，要把“领导权夺回来”。

他们所说的“反马克思主义的阶级敌人”，有其反动的特定含义，指的就是坚决执行毛主席革

命路线的无产阶级革命派。

——清华大学、北京大学大批判组

《翻案复辟的自供状──评党内那个不肯改悔的走资派授意炮制的一篇文章》

毛泽东希望通过文化领域的斗争，继续巩固文革的成果。1973年8月7日，《人民

日报》，刊登了杨荣国的《孔子——顽固地维护奴隶制的思想家》，揭开了批判儒家

思想的序幕。很快各种批判儒家、批判孔子，赞扬法家，赞扬秦始皇的文章开始冒出，

“批林批孔”运动开始了。1974年1月18日，经毛泽东批准，中共中央转发由江青同志

主持选编的《林彪与孔孟之道》。实际上，

。邓小平上台后抹杀了这场运动的进步意义。

毛泽东希望邓小平肯定文化大革命，提出“七分成绩，三分错误”的结论。尽管

在复出之前邓小平发誓“永不翻案”，但邓小平此时不同意“三七开”（如今这个永

不翻案也怕是只有傻子才信）。11月26日，中共中央下发《打招呼的讲话要点》，各

地开始开展学习，发动“批邓、反击右倾翻案风”运动。

毛泽东同志希望调转风向，能让群众转向造反派，但受邓小平政策的迷惑，不少

社会群众转向盲目支持官僚（也恰恰说明没有什么“个人崇拜”）。

对于官僚修正主义势力日益强大，走资派实力强大，革命派实力弱小且斗争经验

不足，不能团结更多人的现状，毛泽东十分忧虑，他深知自己死后，革命派或将无力

回天，无产阶级政权可能不保，在万分忧虑之下，他给周恩来写道：

诉衷情

当年壮志为国酬，何曾怕断头？

如今天下红遍，江山靠谁守？

业未尽，身躯倦，鬓已秋。

你我之辈，忍将夙愿，付与东流！

1976年，新中国成立以来最黑暗的一年，来了。

1976年1月14日，周恩来总理逝世。继任总理的人所属的那一派很可能就是将来能

掌控政局的。毛泽东想要尽力挽救革命派，按照毛泽东的意思，让张春桥同志上台。

但邓小平官僚集团不是傻子，必然不会同意，但是毛泽东更不会选择邓小平。最终，

一个双方都能接受的人被推上历史的舞台——时任公安部长的华国锋。

简单来说，华国锋比较符合官僚利益，他既革命派感兴趣，同时他的朴实形象，

不论是党政文官还是工农军队，关系都不坏（当然现在肯定是被骂得很惨了）。尽管

他不认同毛泽东对文革的态度，但是他还是同意满足毛泽东的最后底线，不会否定文

化大革命。毛泽东希望华国锋能够联合革命派，为推进革命保留一丝火种。

总理之争反映出革命派势力的不足和走资派势力的强大，暗示了革命派的命运将

会如何。

4月5日清明节当天，由于前一天当局将花圈收走，悼念周恩来的活动迅速演变成

了一场近200 万人次的激烈的示威抗议活动。实际上，这起事件与邓小平脱不了干系。

邓小平曾对杨尚昆说：“4月5日清明期间，有人决定去天安门给总理送花圈。这

是个好机会，要想办法把事情搞大，给主席一个刺激，证明并不是人人都听他的。”

四五事件后，胡耀邦（前国务院总理）说：“小平让我找几个干部子女，让他们

去工人中间鼓动一下，把矛头对准江青和张春桥。但有个别人把矛头对准主席，这也

是我们没有料到的。”又说：“邓小平专门坐车去了天安门一趟，观察广场的动静。

回来后，透过家人对我说，广场人很多，干得好！但他谎称是去北京饭店理发的。”

——师东兵《短暂的春秋》

邓小平上台之后就给四五平反，说这是正义的非暴力反抗的革命运动，是全民反

抗“四人帮”的一次具有历史里程碑的重要意义和象征性意义的历史事件。

真是有意义，有为你上台复辟开路的意义！

他所谓的“正义的非暴力反抗”，其实就是砸公安局的车、消防车，殴打无辜的

青年、警卫，把解放军营房洗劫一空，然后付之一炬！

他所谓的“全民反抗”，其实就是广大革命群众看到这样无耻的反革命行径后极

为仇恨。

他所谓的“反抗四人帮”，其实就是攻击、污蔑毛泽东同志，张贴各种反动传单，

散布反动诗词。

看看《人民日报》的报道：

四月五日，这种反革命活动达到了高潮。八点左右，一辆市公安局的广播宣传车

被砸，车子被推翻在地，车身和喇叭都被砸扁了。九点以后，人民大会堂门口围了一

万多人。广场上人最多时，估计近十万人。这当中除极少数制造事端的坏人外，绝大

多数是过路围观的群众。一部分人在纪念碑周围，绝大部分集中在广场西边、人民大

会堂东门处。有十来个青年被闹事的坏人围打，他们头上都被打起了几个大血包，脸

浮肿，流着血。闹事的暴徒叫着：“打死他！打死他！”一个警卫战士出来劝阻几句，

立刻被闹事的坏人把领章、帽徽全扯撕掉，衣服被撕开，打得满脸是血。这些坏人还

猖狂说：“这个场面谁镇得了，中央没一个人治得住，他要是来今天也就回不去了！”

……几百个工人民兵，为了保卫人民大会堂，排着队走上大会堂走廊，被闹事的

坏人阻割成几段。这帮坏家伙还不断狂呼反动口号，人群中谁要反对他们，就被这帮

家伙乱拳猛揍，打得头破血流。有的人被打后还拉到纪念碑前罚跪、“认罪”。

……

十二时三十分，天安门广场值勤警卫战士为了保卫解放军营房，排队向营房走去。

闹事的坏人竟煽动地高呼：“人民子弟兵与人民站在一起！”“受蒙蔽无罪！”继后，

一辆上海牌小轿车被他们推翻在地，点火烧毁。被派去的消防人员、警卫战士都被阻，

一辆消防车被破坏。这些坏家伙说灭火就是“镇压群众运动”，好几个消防队员被打

出血。

十二时四十五分，一队人民警察赶来支援，也被轰被阻。好几个人民警察的帽子

被闹事的人摘下抛向空中。还有人向人民警察队伍中扔小刀、匕首之类的凶器，有几

个民警被围打。

当日下午，这一小撮反革命分子的破坏活动更加猖狂。他们烧毁了给值勤工人民

兵送水、送饭和公安部门的汽车，一共四辆。五点左右，这伙坏人又冲进那座营房，

带走和殴打了门口的警卫战士，砸开底楼的窗门，把屋里的东西洗劫一空。收音机、

被子、床单、衣服、书籍等全部都被这帮反革命分子扔进火堆，还烧毁和砸烂了首都

工人民兵的自行车数十辆。现场黑烟冲天，一片反革命喧嚣声。营房的玻璃几乎全被

砸碎，接着他们就放火烧着了这座营房。

——1976年4月8日《人民日报》工农兵通讯员、《人民日报》记者报道

《天安门广场的反革命政治事件》

四五事件后，政治局将四五运动定义为反革命暴乱，处理的时候一个人都没死！

（什么镇压那是骗人的鬼话）邓小平被撤销党内一切职务，同时也正式宣告华国锋正

式成为中国国务院总理和中共中央第一副主席。

6月份，毛泽东病情急剧恶化，不再接见外宾。6月15日毛泽东对华国锋、叶剑英

说：

“……我一生干了两件事，一是与蒋介石斗了那么多年，把他赶到那么几个海岛

上去了，抗战八年，把日本人请回老家去了。对这事持异议的不多。只有那么几个人，

在我耳边叽叽喳喳，无非是让我及早收回那几个海岛罢了。另一件事你们都知道，就

是发动文化大革命。这事拥护的人不多，反对的人不少。这两件事没有完，这笔遗产

得交给下一代，怎么交？和平交不成就动荡中交，搞不好就得血雨腥风，你们怎么办，

只有天知道。”

1976年9月9日，毛泽东同志与世长辞。

我们发现似乎革命导师们的逝世就会伴随着修正主义饿狼的到来。马克思与恩格

斯逝世后就有了伯恩斯坦和考茨基的修正主义，斯大林逝世之后就有了苏修叛徒集团

的修正主义，毛泽东逝世以后，饥肠辘辘的邓小平反革命集团就开始了反扑，并且他

们的计划迅速成功。华国锋背叛了无产阶级，辜负了毛主席的期望。

10月5日，华国锋、叶剑英、李先念召开了排除革命派在外的政治局会议，制订了

计划，由中央办公厅主任汪东兴执行。10月6日晚，政变者以讨论《毛泽东选集》第五

卷清样的名义请王洪文、张春桥、姚文元来开会，3人随即被捕，江青随后被捕。很快

如毛远新、迟群、谢静宜等其他革命派也被逮捕，上海市的民兵组织也随即被摧毁。

然而华国锋这位子还没坐多少年，就被邓小平逼下台了，开始了全面的修正主义

复辟。1981年1月25日，中华人民共和国最高欺民法院判处江青、张春桥同志死刑（后

因迁就高层持不同意见的陈云等人改为死缓，再后来又变成无期徒刑），王洪文同志

无期徒刑，姚文元同志20年有期徒刑，四人被打作“四人帮”。

令人捧腹的是，他们的“罪名”从华国锋时期的“走资本主义道路并搞分田单干、

包产到户”（参看纪录片《铁证如山——福建军民怒斥“四人帮”》，由中共福建省

委拍摄）变成了邓小平时期的“走人民公社道路，反党、反社会、反革命”。

图为受官僚蛊惑的人民群众

庆祝“粉碎‘四人帮’”

毛泽东同志此前一直批评中央文革小组办事不联系群众的错误作风。1974年7月17

日，他在中央政治局会议上指着王洪文、张春桥、江青、姚文元同志说：“你们要注

意呢，不要搞成四人小宗派。”

毛泽东同志不希望他们搞宗派主义（实则四个人也没有走的特别近）。他又强调

说，这个问题一定要解决——上半年不解决，就下半年解决；今年不解决，就明年解

决。

同年12月23日，四届全国人大召开前夕，王洪文乘机至长沙密见毛泽东同志。毛

泽东同志则当着周恩来的面批评王洪文：“你不要搞四人帮，不要搞宗派，搞宗派要

摔跤的。……我几次劝你，不要几个人搞在一起，你就是听不进去！这一次，你既然

来了，就多住三天，好好想想，写个书面检查给我！”

实际上，毛泽东根本没有要粉碎“四人帮”的意思，只是当作犯错误批评。

一些同志，主要是老同志，思想还停止在资产阶级民主革命时代，对社会主义革

命不理解，有抵触，甚至反对。对于文化大革命，不理解意味着什么，就两种态度，

一是不满意，二是要算账。

为什么列宁没有停止呢？民主革命后，工人、贫农中农没有停止革命，但一部分

党员却不敢前进了，有些人害怕了，反对革命了。为什么？作了大官了，要保护官员

的利益。有了好房子，有汽车，有薪水，比资本家还厉害。社会主义革命要革到自己

头上了。

搞社会主义革命，不知道资产阶级在哪里，就在共产党内，党内走资本主义道路

的当权派——走资派，还在走。

一百年后还要不要革命？一千年后还要不要革命？总还是要革命的。总是有一部

分人觉得受压，小官，学生，工人，农民，士兵，不喜欢大人物压他们，所以要革命

呢。一万年以后矛盾就看不见了？怎么看不见呢，是能看见的。

文化大革命在1967年1月上海自下而上的夺权以后进入迅速发展阶段。在上海和许多其他

城市的工厂、社区和城市范围内，造反工人批判党内修正主义官员，并用他们自己的代表取而

代之。通过工人群众组织、党的革命干部和人民解放军政治干部代表组成的革命委员会，数百

万人开始在经济和国家事务中发挥更直接的作用。同样，在农村的许多地区也建立了革命委员

会，其基础是当地工厂和商店的工农自行组成的群众团体。

由于文艺源于人们的心灵、思想和想象力，并以与政治不同的方式传达给人们，它是维持

现状或改造社会的有力武器。因此，文化大革命破“四旧”——儒家和资产阶级的旧思想、旧

文化、旧风俗、旧习惯——的号召，为新音乐、戏剧、芭蕾舞、绘画、短篇小说和诗歌的爆发

扫清了道路。这有助于建设社会主义。这些新的文艺作品是建立在中国工人、农民丰富的生活

经验基础之上，为了他们的共同利益创作。

为了吸引数亿半文盲的工人和农民，文艺的重点是视觉艺术，特别是电影和戏剧作品。此

外，新的对非文学文艺的鼓励导致了民间艺术的复兴，特别是在少数民族地区。

在美术领域，中国在1972年至1975年期间举办了四次全国性展览。在北京，他们吸引了

780万观众，这是文化大革命前未曾达到的规模。展出作品的百分之六十五是由来自全国各地

的工人、农民和其他业余爱好者创造的。它们包括油画、水彩画、雕塑、图画书、木炭画和剪

纸。

在文化大革命期间，无数的官方和非官方新闻形式都在发芽。全国共有542种官方杂志、

期刊和182种报纸在发行。老百姓发表了超过10000份非官方报纸和小册子，仅在北京就有900

种出版物。街道、工厂和学校墙壁上贴满的大字报是国家紧密控制的媒体的对立面。它们允许

数百万人以前所未有的规模进行辩论和表达自己。

据文化大革命期间住在上海的一位女性说，她邻里的图书馆有各种西方文学作品。最新版

本的书籍上有该书政治背景的简介和对作者观点的讨论。为了帮助读者了解旧社会，封建文学

也出现于书架上。

由于小学教育在城市已经普及，因此目标是在农村地区实行至少五年的小学教育。国家教

育基金被重新投资到农村，从1966 年到1976 年，农村地区的小学入学人数从1.16亿增加到

1.5 亿。受过教育的当地村民被招募为“赤脚教师”，在村民自己建造

的新学校教书。由于新建了中学或小学增加了中学部，中学入学人数从1500 万增加到5800 万。

工农组织的代表进入这些学校，为学生和教师提供教育领导和实用建议。

教科书也在文革期间发生了变化。各地区试图编写自己的教科书，将其与当地的问题和环

境联系起来。例如，南京的学龄儿童使用了一本关于最近完工的南京长江大桥的书。学校由学

生、教师、附近居民、工人宣传队队员和解放军成员组成的革命委员会代替专业管理人员进行

管理。

在文化大革命之前，小学毕业生不得不参加入学考试，进入中学，这形成了整个教育轨道

系统……文化大革命废除了这一制度。所有的孩子都可以接受初中教育，每个中学都有不同能

力和家庭背景的学生。

在这些美国学者访问的中学，中学课程是相似的：中国语言和文学、数学、基础农业和工

业知识、体育和军事训练、革命艺术和文化、历史地理和政治，其中包括毛泽东思想与马克思

列宁主义研究。

开卷和闭卷考试的结合，以及教师、同学和学生自己的评价，被用来衡量学生的进步情况。

此外，北京的大多数中学生每年花一个月在学校车间或学校外的工厂学习，并在农业生产

队工作一个月。在这些时期，学生阅读和讨论与他们正在做的工作相关的科学书籍。

在学习和工作中，鼓励个人和集体的创造力。工作与学习结合的课程培养出了准备好为社

会主义社会做出贡献的中学生。

文革时期取消了旧的全国大学入学考试。申请人不是来自应届高中生，而是从优秀的年轻

工人，农民和士兵中挑选，他们背后有两年或两年以上的实际工作经验。每个省、区、市、工

厂和公社都收到了可填写的申请人名单。然后，大学录取委员会根据广泛的访谈做出最终选择。

这些工农兵学员更加成熟，更有动力，对中国社会的紧迫问题有更多的了解。

教学方法也发生了根本变化。根据一位教授的说法，旧的注入式方法——“我们认为我们

可以将知识注入学生，就像注射患者一样。”——被自主学习和课堂讨论所取代。一位学生评

论说，虽然书籍很重要，但“对我们来说更重要的是......学会自己思考，使用自己的大脑。

否则，我们将无法理解理论的真正含义及其与实践的联系，我们将无法解决我们遇到的问题。”

文化大革命也给大学管理带来了变化。工人和解放军军人被分配到大学，以确保学生不会

孤立地学习并获得与中国人民的需求无关的知识。学生们还与工人、士兵、教授和专业教育工

作者一起在革命委员会任职，共同管理大学。

1977年，恢复了高考，随时间推移带来了恶性竞争等严重问题。一位学者认为，在20世

纪80年代早期，一些省份极度强调不符合农村人口需求的中学“标准化”考试和课程，导致辍

学率超过80％。这些年来，大量初中和高中以“提高质量”的名义关闭了。

文化大革命在一切领域都号召中国人民拒绝狭隘的自身利益，接受他们的集体利益。“为

人民服务”不仅仅是一个口号。在文化大革命期间，工人拒绝物质奖励；学生们不再追求特权

事业，而是将教育与工人和农民的生活结合起来；医生们离开了城市，定居在农村。

国际主义精神和对世界各地人民斗争的支持是文化大革命的重要组成部分。1968 年举行

了大规模的集会，以支持法国的学生、工人和在小马丁路德金被暗杀之后的美国黑人解放运动。

在支持越南解放战争的示威活动中，毛泽东和胡志明的画像常常被放在一起。在文化大革命期

间，中国共产党加强了在国家层面对苏修叛徒的批评。

改革开放后，集体价值观几乎消失，狭隘爱国主义代替了国际主义。

在文化大革命期间，妇女解放取得了巨大成就。许多人进入工业领域的高薪工作岗位，发

展成为政治领袖，挑战女性自卑的观念。

越来越多的妇女在重工业工作，加入民兵和解放军，并成为技术人员，在纺织工厂担任领

导职务。医生和农村的“赤脚医生”中有一半是女性。

在许多公社，“铁娘子队”被组织起来，女工在要求与男子同工同酬时变得更加自信。全

女性学习小组和领导培养计划进一步推动了这一过程。在一些农村县，拥有领导职位的女性人

数是文化大革命前的三倍。随着妇女在文化大革命期间成为政治活动家，更多妇女加入党和革

命委员会，或进入更高级别的领导职位。

随着文化大革命的发展，所有工业企业的管理人员和专职干部都需要定期或轮流在车间工

作。具有知识背景的人接受了特定技能的培训。工厂内革命委员会的成员及行政人员参加了劳

动，并定期访问车间，以评估条件和做出决定。工人、技术人员和管理人员通过“三组合”组

织起来，以解决技术问题并在生产上做出创新。

政治学习一直是日常工作的一部分。毛的著作不是作为抽象理论来研究，而是用于研究、

解决工厂生产问题和政治问题。

许多工厂建立了“业余学校”，数百名工人在那里学习技术、政治和文化。由于许多女性

最近进入工厂，这些工厂内的培训课程为她们提供了进入高技能工作岗位的机会。

随着邓小平政权在20世纪70年代后期巩固权力，这些转变被彻底消灭了。在新的“管理责

任”制度下，所有权力都由工厂管理者掌握。他们决定如何组织生产，雇用或解雇员工，支付

工人多少钱，以及他们（新老板）将获得多少报酬。

法国摄制组1976年纪录片《愚公移山》中对1970年上海电机厂的描述：

「生产环节」工作时间为每天7：30-11：30和13：00-17：00，有休息日，无特殊情况不加班。

「工资」42-126元（相当于今天的3360-10080元）。按工龄而非上下级差别发工资。

「考勤」20世纪60年代有打卡制度，迟到早退扣工资。70年代因相信工人自觉性废除打卡制度。

「三合一制度」工人参与管理；领导参与劳动，与工人协商制订生产计划；指标由工人、技工、

领导协商。这大大增强工厂的劳动效率。

「医疗和教育」工厂有医疗中心，车间有护理站，工人每周体检一次（含家属）。一般孕妇预产

前6个月减少工作，2周前临时免去工作并带薪留职。产假共56天，特殊情况经医生批准后可延至

77天。产假结束后，子女可送至工厂内的幼儿园由专人照顾。母亲中午有1小时哺乳时间。

「工厂政治」工人可以随意进行“民主讨论”，张贴大字报表达工作问题或批评领导错误。领导

也多为老工人。

「工厂文化」工厂经常举办文艺演出。工人有文艺队，可以自行排练演出。一些工厂根据工人的

兴趣开办夜校。

（笔者不是说所有工厂一定如此，也有个别工人积极性差的工厂。但仅仅从上文中的丰硕成

果来看，工人的自觉性和积极性一定很高，否则这些数据从何而来？再说，这种令人羡慕的制度，

与当今的公司之压迫剥削情况难道不是天壤之别？）

——《一百个为什么》

文化大革命使得农村地区发生了重大的社会变革。在乡村中学红卫兵组织的鼓励下，许多

地区的农民组成了独立的群众组织。这一运动对农村传统的政治文化，即一切服从权威，提出

了正面的挑战。

从1967 年末开始，一个新的权力结构开始在许多地区取代旧的政党机构。主要由贫下中

农组成的群众组织选举候选人加入新建的村革命委员会。这些委员会在村庄和公社中进行日常

领导。在城市文化工作者的鼓励下，农民成长为画家、作家和表演者。大量扩大的教育和医疗

服务为农村地区人民的生活带来了直接利益。

文化大革命期间强力推行了农业机械化。在上海郊区的农业区，机械耕地的数量从1965

年的17％增加到1972 年的76％。大跃进期间开始的农村工业化计划加速了。到文革结束时，

有近80 万农村工业企业，加上9 万个小水电站，占中国工业总产值的15％。如果没有农村教

育系统的快速扩张，这些进步是不可能实现的。文化大革命为公社工厂和车间培养了农业专家、

技术人员和技术工人。

1976 年以后，中国农村的这些社会和经济变革急剧逆转。大寨大队的成就被批判为造假

行为。公社和集体被拆散，土地被分配给农民家庭，这被称为“家庭联产责任承包制”。干部

及其亲戚、朋友和亲信能够以极低折扣购买拖拉机、卡车、水井、泵、加工设备和其他几十年

来集体通过所有成员的辛勤劳动积累的财产。私有化也标志着农村集体医疗保健系统的终结。

文化大革命中最具活力的创新之一是“赤脚医生”制度，这有助于缩小农村和城市地区之

间卫生服务的差距。到20 世纪70 年代中期，超过一百万（1965 年的四倍）的护理人员在农

村工作。他们中的许多人都是受过教育的城市青年，这是“上山下乡”运动的一部分。

城市医院和医学院将注意力转向农村，在公社建立医疗中心，并派驻医务人员。公社医院

或诊所有两个目的：作为重病患者的治疗中心，以及作为赤脚医生和助产士的培训中心。经过

六个月到一年的初步培训，他们将在农闲期间返回上后续课程。他们继续在田里工作，并由他

们的公社支付学费。

在同时，建立了城市和工业版的赤脚医生——红色医疗队。在完成基础课程和经常性的后

续课程后，他们被安排到工厂诊所，并照顾同事的健康。

文化大革命的结束导致农村医疗保健系统急剧下降。1981 年，邓小平政权放弃了赤脚医

生制度。医生们建立了自己的私人诊所，使得医疗费用远远超出了大多数村民能够承担的。集

体在1983 年解散后，农村的医疗保险消失了。

文革十年是经济辉煌的十年：

1、农业粮食生产保持了比较稳定的增长。农田水利工程配套成龙，农业现代化装备水平

有了较大提高。一九七六年与一九六五年相比：拖拉机和手扶拖拉机的产量，分别相当于一九

六五年的六点七倍和六十六倍，全国三分之一的耕地实行了机械耕种；农村排灌动力机械的拥

有量增长了四点九倍，机电灌溉面积增加了一倍多；农用化肥产量增加了二点一倍，每亩化肥

施用量增加了二点一倍；每亩用电量增加了四点七倍；农用载重汽车拥有量增加了三点三倍；

粮食产量增加了一千八百三十六亿斤，在人口迅速增长的情况下，同期人均产量增长了百分之

十二点一。

2、建设了一批技术先进的大型工业企业。继大庆油田之后，又相继开发了胜利油田和大

港油田。一九七六年我国原油产量为一九六五年的六点七倍，我国由贫油国一跃而为自给有余

的产油国，石油化学工业也迅速崛起。一九七三年从国外引进十三套大型先进化肥生产设备，

生产能力合计为合成氨三百五十七万吨，尿素五百八十万吨。同时引进的大型化工、化纤生产

设备，也先后在北京、上海、辽阳、长寿等地安装建设。在此期间，冶金工业方面，新建了攀枝

花钢铁厂、酒泉钢铁厂、成都无缝钢管厂、贵州铝厂等重要企业。为了解决钢材品种问题，武汉

钢铁公司还从国外引进了先进的一米七轧机工程设备。机械工业方面，建设了湖北第二汽车制造

厂、四川大足汽车制造厂、四川德阳第二重型机械厂、陕西富平压延厂等一大批企业。煤炭工业

方面，建设了贵州六盘水、四川宝顶山、芙蓉山、山东兖州等大型煤矿。电力工业方面，重点建

设了甘肃刘家峡、湖北丹江口等一批水电站和火电厂。著名的葛州坝大型水电站及国外引进设备

的唐山陡河电厂，也开始动工兴建。设备，也先后在北京、上海、辽阳、长寿等地安装建设。在

此期间，冶金工业方面，新建了攀枝花钢铁厂、酒泉钢铁厂、成都无缝钢管厂、贵州铝厂等重要

企业。为了解决钢材品种问题，武汉钢铁公司还从国外引进了先进的一米七轧机工程设备。机械

工业方面，建设了湖北第二汽车制造厂、四川大足汽车制造厂、四川德阳第二重型机械厂、陕西

富平压延厂等一大批企业。煤炭工业方面，建设了贵州六盘水、四川宝顶山、芙蓉山、山东兖州

等大型煤矿。电力工业方面，重点建设了甘肃刘家峡、湖北丹江口等一批水电站和火电厂。著名

的葛州坝大型水电站及国外引进设备的唐山陡河电厂，也开始动工兴建。

3、建成了一些内地铁路干线和长江大桥。一九七〇年七月，建成了全长八百九十公里的焦枝

线。一九七一年，全程一千〇八十五公里的成昆线全线通车。接着全程二百〇九公里的大焦线也

全面动工。此外，还修建了襄渝线，并在该线的安康另修一条铁路与宝成上的阳平连接。华北地

区继续修建了京原（北京至山西原平）线，还建了通（县）坨（子头）线。全长六千七百米，具

有世界先进水平的双层铁路、公路两用南京长江大桥，由一九五九年动工，一九六八年胜利建成。

此外，一九七四年还先后建成了从大庆油田到秦皇岛、由秦皇岛到北京、由山东临邑到南京等长

距离输油管道。邮电通讯方面，一九七六年建成全长一千七百多公里的中间轴一千八百路载波通

讯干线和连通全国二十多个省市区的微波通讯干线，北京、上海还各建了一条卫星地面站。

4、科学技术方面也取得了重大成就。继一九六四年十月十六日我国第一颗原子弹爆炸成功之

后，一九六七年六月十七日，我国又成功爆炸了第一颗氢弹。一九六九年九月二十三日，我国又

首次成功地进行了地下核试验。在空间技术方面，一九六六年十月，我国第一次实验发射核导弹

成功。一九七〇年四月二十四日，我国又成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星。一九七五年十一月二

十六日，按预定计划回收所发射的人造地球卫星成功，使我国成为美、苏之后第三个可以回收卫

星的国家。在此期间，我国农业科技人员，于一九七二年成功地培植了一批一代籼型杂交水稻种，

提高亩产百分之二十左右。

文革十年是外交辉煌的十年，一九七一年十月，在

联合国第二十六届大会上，以压倒多数票通过了恢复我

国在联合国的合法席位。一九七二年二月，美国总统尼

克松访华，在上海发表了中美联合公报，从而宣告了美

帝国主义孤立我国政策的彻底破产。到一九七六年底，

和我国建交的国家由一九六五年底的四十九个增加到了

一百一十一个，我们的朋友遍天下，经济贸易和文化交

往日益扩大。文化大革命的十年是新中国外交史上最辉

煌的十年。

邓小平把持下编造的《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》既要“彻底否定文化大革

命”，又无法完全抹掉文化大革命中取得的这些实实在在的成就，就编了个说法：“这一切决

不是‘文化大革命’的成果”，而是“由于全党和广大工人、农民、解放军指战员、知识分子、

知识青年和干部的共同斗争，使‘文化大革命’的破坏受到了一定程度的限制”的结果。

“全党和广大工人、农民、解放军指战员、知识分子、知识青年和干部”到底是与文化大

革命进行“共同斗争”呢，还是满怀空前的热情积极参加的呢？邓小平们能不能说得具体一点，

文化大革命中取得的无数成就中的哪一件是由于它参加者对文化大革命“进行共同斗争”以及

怎样“进行共同斗争”、怎样进行“一定程度的限制”后取得的？邓小平连一件也举不出来。

历史事实是，在文化大革命的十年中，在九亿人民中，只有张志新等极个别人表达了自己

的不同观点，就连邓小平虽然内心极端仇恨但也是多次反复表明自己对文化大革命的拥护。千

真万确、无可辩驳的历史事实是，正是在文化大革命中，广大无产阶级和劳动人民群众、革命

知识分子焕发出空前的革命热情，积极参加批判资产阶级的斗争，使共产主义的集体主义、英

雄主义思想大发扬，为建设社会主义忘我劳动，创造了一个又一个人间奇迹。

——靳草《颠倒黑白的捏造险恶叵测的设计 ——许家屯〈香港回忆录〉读后感》

如今的历史课本说“如果没有文化大革命，我国的社会主义建设将会取得大而多的成就”，

这种说法极其荒谬，不堪一击。我们不难看出，事实就是，

！事物都是一分为二的，都有两面性，文革有积极的一面，也有消

极的一面；有破坏的一面，也有巩固的一面。如果只看到前几年的破坏就彻底否定，那真的是

不知道要怎么说好了！

总体来讲，！

对，我国的国家性质：

。我们逐条分析：

我们早在第一单元就介绍过所谓的党代会里边工农代表才多少人，然后也看到了

特色党鼓吹的一系列修正主义理论，推行的一系列修正主义政策。毋庸置疑，

。另外你再感受一下，今天的共产党有没有对工人、农民宣传马列

（我说的是那种原汁原味的“马列”而不是什么“特色社会主义”）？没有，他们完

全矮化马列毛，所以你说他们想往哪里发展党员？

2013年全国人大代表中，党政军官僚资产阶级占64%，私人资本占23%，高级知识

分子、技术人员占9%，基层工农兵只占4%……

其所有权和实际使用权以及最终决策权毫无疑义地完全是由党、政、军、企

一体的统治集团所拥有。

注意，国有资本掌握经济命脉不等于“公有制为主体”，生产资料公有制早已消

失殆尽，如今的“国企”不能再算公有制企业。

当今中国不是一个被殖民的国家，或有被殖民化的国家，反而是

（俄罗斯还不行，俄罗斯军事强大，但经

济跌宕起伏，总体萧条）。近年来，中国建造航母、发展航空和航天技术、派遣武装

人员参与湄公河联合执法、派遣舰队到南海、中东……已经不难看出，

。相比之下，除了美、英、法、俄等国

以外，没有一个国家具有中国在军事、政治和经济上独立的主权地位。

了解再深入，

今昔都看清！

要判断中国是不是帝国主义国家，首先要判断中国是不是资本主义国家——马克

思说：生产资料私有制是资本主义的基础，雇佣劳动是资本主义生产关系的核心，资

本主义社会就建立在这二者上。而中国，自1976年复辟就恢复了生产资料私有制，同

时雇佣劳动也已经彻底席卷全国。因此，。

而中国的“特色”就在于掌权的资本集团是国有资本集团而非私人资本势力。正

因为如此，中国“特色”的资本主义是一个畸形的资本主义，或者说是

，这是最凶恶的资本主义，因为它试图直接用国家机器完全地剥夺

工人阶级反抗的一切手段。

既然如此，。这是因为资本的扩张需要垄断，

垄断是自由竞争的必然结果。每一个后起的资本主义国家发展到了一定的阶段，即金

融寡头垄断阶段，它必须面临着和其它已经发达了的早起的资本主义国家（即帝国主

义国家）争夺资源、争夺市场的问题。一战、二战的起因都是如此。这是一个不以人

的意志为转移的客观规律。

一方面，中国的资产阶级目前面临着严重的生产过剩危机（钢铁最为明显：9 亿

吨左右的产能和仅有6 亿吨左右的国内市场），它不得不靠扩大自己的出口和寻找新

的市场来缓解这一矛盾。它的资源已经严重地依赖进口（如石油、铁矿石），它又

。它“走出去”的压力极大。

去产能就是要消灭过剩的生产能力，

实际上就是让小企业破产，进一步加剧

垄断。2016年初中央经济工作会议提出

化解过剩钢铁产能的目标任务：从2016

年开始，用5 年时间再压减粗钢产能1亿

到1.5 亿吨。2016 年的任务是去钢铁产

能4500 万吨，至9 月份已经完成去钢铁

产能目标的80%。钢铁行业去产能的任务，

将导致约200 万钢铁工人失业。政府为

了缓解失业危机的爆发，2016 年财政拨

了1000 亿资金用于失业工人的失业补贴，

但这远远不能解决工人面对的就业困难。

煤炭行业2016年的任务是去产能2.5 亿

吨，这是受钢铁产能减少直接影响的结果。

——北大马会《共和国的历程》

另一方面，

。这是十八大后国有资本改革的趋势：用

股权多元化来扩大国有资本掌控的资本量，使得有限的国有资本通过杠杆的作用来做

更多更大的事，从而变国资委的管理模式由资产管理为资本管理，最终转化为类似华

尔街投行那样的巨型金融寡头资本，以便在世界上争夺更多的话语权。所以，中国的

资本主义今后如要进一步的发展的话，它就，来获

得自己生存的空间。这不是它有没有本事的问题，而是它要不要生存，要不要发展的

问题。。

世界各国的资产阶级早已经意识到崛起的中国意味着什么：美国高调宣布其战略

重点的重新调整，重返亚太地区，中美两国学者已经在探讨所谓的“新型大国关系”

（好像一战、二战前人们不懂得如何探讨此类关系似的。其实所谓的“大国关系”就

是帝国主义国家之间的关系，而所谓的“新型”不过是自欺欺人而已）。

中国是不是正在走向帝国主义和中国是不是正在崛起是同一个命题。在资产阶级

掌权下崛起了的中国将只能是一个帝国主义的中国。恰恰是资本主义的发展逼着它不

得不走向帝国主义。但是

。

接下来我们回顾一下列宁对帝国主义的定义：

垄断组织、金融寡头、资本输出、经济殖民、国际垄断同盟。

据官方的统计，国有资本集团曾经在2005 年雇佣了全国1/4左右的劳动力，创造

出全国1/3 左右的产值，获得全国规模以上企业近1/2 的利润！近几年它的相对地位

表面上看像似有所下降：2009 年它雇佣了1/5 左右的劳动力，创造出全国1/4 左右的

产值和1/4 左右的利润。但是仅中石油、中石化两家公司2010 年的利润就超过了当年

民营企业500 强的利润之和！它的集中程度和规模实际上是不断在提高，达到了其它

任何世界列强单个垄断集团从来没有过的高度集中。

从2001年至2017年，在国际垄断企业500强中，中企从12个暴增到115个，仅次于

美国132个。其中109家企业总营业额占世界500强的22%，中国2016年GDP的55%。

四大国有商业银行2017年的资产总额近90万亿元，当年总收入近2.5万亿元，净利

润近9000亿元。到了2017年年底，中国消费金融公司依然少得可怜，只有25家，但即

使是其中最强的银行和四大银行相比，也是被全方面碾压。因此中国的金融业已经形

成了高度的垄断。而更严重的是，中国四大银行是直属央行和财政部的，其股权牢牢

被中央汇金公司、中投总公司持有——形式上中国最大的银行有四个，实际上，只有

一个——在官僚资本手下。

中国显然已经在对外进行商品输出，并且输出份额高达世界第一。至于资本输出，

以中特党缔造的亚投行为例，仅2016年创始之初就位孟加拉、印尼、巴基斯坦、塔吉

克斯坦四国输出资本总计7亿美金。截止2018年2月，亚投行42亿美元的项目贷款撬动

了200多亿美元的资金。

除了亚投行，2015年正式开始的“一带一路”，对49个国家进行直接资本输出，

仅2015年一年就外包178.3亿美元；中国国务院总理李克强在亚洲和欧洲访问时进一步

推广，并写进总理政府工作报告中，成为中国对外的主要经济战略，截至2021年3月，

中国已经与141个国家和31个国际组织签署了200份共建“一带一路”合作文件。

再比如，2018年9月特色党宣布将对非洲输入600亿美元的资本。不仅是对亚非拉

国家疯狂输出资本，对老牌资本主义国家的输出也相当庞大（参考德国马列主义党

《论新帝国主义国家的出现》）。

在政策支撑和鼓励下，中国资本输出日益增长。自2005年以来，中国对外直接投

资流量连续10年持续增长，2015年达到了1456.7亿美元，是2005年的13倍多，超越日

本，位居美国之后，首次位列全球第二；同时，中国对外投资首超吸引外资，开始步

入资本净输出阶段，中国首次成为资本净输出国。2016年，中国共对全球164个国家和

地区的7961家境外企业进行了非金融类直接投资，对外直接净投资1701.1亿美元。

从2008年期中国掀起了并购海外企业狂潮，截止2014年6月底，中国并购海外企业

5270起，金额3370亿美元，仅次于美国，排名第二，中国垄断资本开始成长为国际垄

断资本。同时中国的金融资本，提供了大量的资金，支持中国产业资本并购境外资本，

中国的金融资本开始成为国际寡头。

……

2014年7月11日，中国牵头建立了金砖国家新开发银行……2014年11月8日，……

建立“丝路基金”。……2016 年1月16日“亚投行”成立。

这样，中国通过巨额资金，撬动其他国家的更多资金，给亚非拉国家贷款，再让

他们用贷款给中国的企业付钱，进行基础设施建设。中国一方面通过利息和建设利润

获利，而且不是用中国政府债务，而是用半殖民地国家政府债务，来拉动中国的经济；

同时，中国通过让半殖民地国家政府背上无法还清的债务来控制它们。这正是二战后

美国所采用的新帝国主义殖民政策，中国开始凭借自己强大的资本主义经济，与美帝

国主义争夺利益，共同瓜分世界。

……

通过官僚垄断资本和私人垄断资本的一系列措施，中国开始在世界进行大规模资本

输出，建立起经济霸权、金融霸权和货币霸权，日益成为仅次于美国的第二大帝国主

义国家。

——北大马会《共和国的历程》

为在同时加强政治与军事合作，中国社会帝国主义早在2001年便成立新兴帝国主

义国家的国际集团“上海合作组织” （简称“上合”），迄今已有成员8个、观察员4

个、对话伙伴3个。8个成员中，同时存在印度和巴基斯坦2个仇人。有趣的是，2017年

印度加入上合前，官方媒体一直在渲染中印边境局势的紧张，加入上合后却销声匿迹。

目前中帝国主义正在日益加强对半殖民地国家的控制，以及进一步扩展势力范围。

这

。

综上，我们阐明了：中国不仅不是社会主义国家，还是个反动的国

家！

注：社会帝国主义，修正主义的最高阶段。

先看一位同志写的笑话：

“这是一则真实发生的国际笑话，以下所闻全是作者亲眼所见，有些内容至今都能

百度到——新华社历年对尼共毛（尼泊尔一政党，后期转向修正主义）的态度。

2002年：‘恐怖分子袭击首都，屠杀当地大学生’

2003年：‘探访丛林之虎，尼皇家陆军誓师歼灭暴徒’

2004年：‘尼泊尔内战升级，形式日趋紧张’‘尼叛军只是冒用毛的旗号’

2005年：‘探访尼共营地，尼政府军依然占据优势’

2006年：‘尼泊尔共产党（毛主义）包围首都’

2007年：‘伟大的尼泊尔共产党主席普拉旺达万岁，中尼友谊天长地久’”

对于一直支持革命武装斗争的印共毛也是差不多，在电视上打成“反政府武装”，

再来看一则笑话：

2005年，时任中国驻印度大使孙玉玺曾公开表示：“我们不清楚这些武装组织为

何盗用中国领袖毛泽东的名字？我们也不喜欢这样。他们要这样称呼自己，我们也没

有办法。但中国与他们从来没有任何关系，中国境内也没有任何组织或团体与他们有

任何联系。”

反动政府还出动大批武警，镇压完声称

“要以合法途径解决问题”。谁不想在合法安全的范围内解决问题？工人群众怎么会

连这种办法都想不到，偏要罢工游行示威？

这里我顺便提提：

2018 年，深圳佳士科技有限公司的工人们

为了维护自己的合法权益，在上级工会的允许下

组建了工会，但随后工会被解散，建会工人被开

除，公司建立了“职工代表大会”。

工人们不满公司的违法行为，采取了许多合

法方式进行斗争，但当

。一些工人走上街头，在人民群众

和警察面前大声演讲，控诉公司和警察的违法行

为。后来工人们来到燕子岭派出所门口抗议，要

求释放被捕工人，严惩打人黑警。

消息传出后，各地进步工人和学生们一片愤

慨。来自各高校的进步学生组成佳士声援团，前

往深圳帮助工人维权，同时向当地和中央的各个

部门递交诉求，但他们当中的一些人一个接一个

被绑架、失联。最后，特警冲入声援团所在出租

屋，逮捕了声援团成员。事后，一些人被判刑，

一些人在终身监视下生活，一些人在被严厉警告、

封口后秘密释放。这次事件被称为“佳士事件”

或“佳士工人运动”。

十月革命后，在苏维埃俄国内忧外患、经济苦难的情况下，苏俄政府实行余粮征

集制的战时共产主义，引起苏俄农民为代表的广大群众极其不满，甚至于造成了缺衣

少粮的士兵起义。在战时共产主义实施后，列宁同志经过充分考虑，在1921年3月开始

实行向社会主义过渡的新经济政策。

新经济政策的重要内容是以征收粮食税代替余粮收集制，农民按国家规定交纳一

定的粮食税，超过税额的余粮完全归个人所有，从而大大减轻农民负担；允许外资企

业管理国家暂时无力经营的企业，恢复商品货币关系，进行调节生产的作用。这使小

农经济占优势的苏俄找到向社会主义经济阶段过渡的道路。后因斯大林上台而被逐步

取消。

虽然新经济政策开放了市场经济，可这

（邓小平还拿这个说事，更凸显他不懂马列）：

“新经济政策不是要改变统一的国家经济计划，不是要超出计划范围，而是要改

变实现这个计划的办法。”

“新经济政策所造成的情况，如小型商业企业的发展、国营企业的出租等，都意

味着资本主义关系的发展，看不到这一点，那就是完全丧失了清醒的头脑。”

“我们现在退却，好像是在向后退，但我们这样做是为了先后退几步，然后再起跑，

更有力地向前跳。只是在这一条件下，我们才在实行新经济政策时向后退。”

“小生产经常地、每时每刻地、自发地大批产生资本主义和资产阶级。”

——列宁

新经济建设时期，苏联允许农村的市场经济运行。斯大林上台后，逐步恢复了计

划经济和农业集体所有制。粮食短缺问题一直伴随着新生的苏联。

中国的高中历史课本（旧版，必修二）里说：

“……斯大林模式的弊端日益显露。特别是农业集体化的，消极影响越来越明显：

沙皇统治下的俄国曾经是粮食出口国，但此时的苏联却存在粮食短缺的问题；农民没

有生产积极性，农业的单位面积产量仅及其它欧洲平均产量的约三分之一……”

这是胡说八道（而且又是“积极性”那套）。看看斯大林本人如何说明：

“当时沙皇的大臣常说：‘自己吃不饱，但是粮食还得要输出。’……吃不饱的

人是2000-3000万农村贫民，他们真正过着忍饥挨饿的生活，这样，沙皇的大臣才有可

能把粮食往国外输出……”

斯大林又如此解释苏联的粮食短缺：

“在过去，在革命以前，我国年产谷物约40-50亿普特。这些粮食够不够是另外一

个问题。总之，大家都以为是够的，因为每年都有约4-5亿普特的骨头往国外输

出。……在三四年以后，就把粮食的年产量提高到70-80亿普特。……首先，因为最近

几年来我们的工业和城市比过去至少扩大了一倍，……这就是说，过去在农村中生产

粮食的数百万劳动者，现在不但不生产粮食，反而需要从农村给他们运去粮食……其

次，过去我们的技术作物比现在少，现在我们生产的棉花就比过去多一倍。……这意

味着我们（填补沙皇时期粮食缺口）需要比以前更多的粮食来供劳动人民食用。……

其次，人口的增长比以前快得多了。而这样一来，要养活的人就越来越多了。”

——《斯大林文集·在先进的男女联合收割机手会议上的讲话》

现在教育部直编的历史课本（必修下）换了种说法：

“苏联模式排斥市场经济,片面发展重工业,在农业集体化中采用强制手段,导致国

民经济比例失调,农业和轻工业长期落后,消费水平相对较低。这些问题影响了苏联的

发展。”

嗯，没错，非得把市场经济吹得多好你才肯罢休。不过我们还是重点看看他所谓

的“重工轻农”。

1928年平均每个集体农庄只有13户农户，100公顷农业用地；1940年为79户农

户,1400公顷农业用地。50年代中期,苏联广泛合并集体农庄，集体农庄规模迅速扩大。

国家还花大量精力投入农业建设。。

两张表，左边是粮食历年产量（《苏联国民经济统计年鉴》，表中单位万吨），

右边是关于机械化的一些数据（来自中国农业出版社旗下网站）可以自己看看：

有人这么比较：1953年苏联的粮食产量不如沙俄时代的最高峰的1913年多。但是，

这一年是苏联历史上的一个歉收年，比此前的1952年就减产了1000万吨粮食，而二战

之前的1940年粮食产量高达9500多万吨。而沙俄时代的1913年是沙俄历史上粮食产量

空前绝后的丰收年，此前的1911年沙俄粮食产量只有5800万吨。一个学生考一张极难

的卷子得55分，另一个学生考一张简单卷子得满分，你说这能比成绩？（虽说这比喻

可能不太恰当）。

然而现在官僚修正主义的八股课本还把毛主席拿出来当挡箭牌：

受二战破坏

这只引用一个短短句子却有两个省略号？我还特意查了一下原文（是毛主席在

1956年的文章）：

在处理重工业和轻工业、农业的关系上，我们没有犯原则性的错误。我们比苏联

和一些东欧国家作得好些。像苏联的粮食产量长期达不到革命前最高水平的问题，像

一些东欧国家由于轻重工业发展太不平衡而产生的严重问题，我们这里是不存在的。

他们片面地注重重工业，忽视农业和轻工业，因而市场上的货物不够，货币不稳定。

我们对于农业、轻工业是比较注重的。我们一直抓了农业，发展了农业，相当地保证

了发展工业所需要的粮食和原料。我们的民生日用商品比较丰富，物价和货币是稳定

的。

这段话怎么理解呢？首先我们要看到“长期达不到革命前最高水平”，这个“长

期”指的是什么时候呢？以“革命前最高水平”为依据，查阅资料发现差不多是1917

年-1937年（1937年的粮食产量为9700多吨）这段时间，农业集体化是1930年实行的。

特色八股教科书却扩大到斯大林上台后的所有时期。

很明显，毛泽东所要批评的不是农业集体化。苏联前期确实大力发展重工业，但

其重心在五十年代之后就转到了农业上面来。拿毛泽东当挡箭牌是无效的。

大清洗是诋毁斯大林的主要内容，苏联的大清洗清洗掉了不忠于革命事业的分子，

1933年起停止入党，对187万党员清理，到1936年减少到160万。

，连法西斯都感叹在苏联很难找到可以利用的奸细。斯大

林的肃反和延安整党的作用相仿，都是。从列宁时代起内务部和肃

反人员就有了很多特权，在捷尔任斯基领导肃反时，由于捷尔任斯基十分正直廉洁，

对于特权的使用非常谨慎，所以他起到了进步的作用。

大清洗给人的印象就是十分残酷的，这负作用的造成主要是由于肃反的领导发生

了严重错误，严重破坏了大清洗运动，肃反扩大化，残酷化不是大清洗的目的，这些

错误的主要责任在于内务部，其次在于军事检察部制度，在奥尔忠尼启则事件可以看

出内务人员的特权，他是政治局委员，向斯大林抗议遭内务部搜查，斯大林只能说：

他们也可以搜查我的住所，这有何奇怪？到奥尔忠尼启则自杀后，才震动了苏联，开

始对内务部特权进行限制，可以说大清洗的错误都是内务部特权造成的。大清洗的确

造成了很多冤假错案，也错杀了不少人，但别有用心的人不从苏联内务制度评价，仅

归罪斯大林，却不看斯大林也受制于特权。

而且中央委员会集体的决议对他也有限制（），斯

大林曾说布哈林和李可夫不该被开除出党，但委员会照样决议把两人送去内务部。战

前图哈切夫斯基，布柳赫尔、叶果罗夫等大量苏联将领和指挥员被害也是内务部的错

误，不仅在战前，在战争开始后仍有巴甫洛夫、斯穆什科维奇等很多将领被内务部杀

害，这些都体现苏联内务部特权制度的影响。

斯大林的大清洗、肃反和内务部的

镇压是两个不同的概念。没有任何证据

证明苏联在当时有普遍的“大规模屠杀

”记录，当然除了叶若夫和贝利亚（这

俩货都是内务部的）等人进行的非人道

屠杀。

1937年斯大林同志2项改革党组、扩大民主的提案被否决，推行差额选举无记名投

票的提案又被否决。

同年，斯大林倡议扩大选举中党外代表的权利，扩大反对派的话语权，遭到党内

大量人士反对。

1938年，斯大林同志提议由马林科夫替换造成肃反扩大化的叶若夫，再次被否决，

政治局最终推举新的屠夫贝利亚。

1944年，斯大林同志提议党政分开，禁止党对经济和国家机关的干预，又一次被

否决。

1952年第19次党代表大会上，斯大林同志再次提议党政分开并带头表示希望辞去

一把手职务，完全退出中央，仅保留总理职务。最终由于多数反对，仍旧保留一把手

职务，但将政治局改组为主席团，加强集体领导和权力制约，减少党对政治的插手。

由此可见斯大林其实也受到限制。

在毛时代，托派是毛泽东同志罕见的不团结派系之一，审问后即可枪决。（林彪

攻击毛泽东是托派，实则狗屁不通）

托洛茨基的主题思想“不断革命论”（与马恩等人的不断革命论不一样，更应该

叫做“世界革命论”）主张建立社会主义国家后在仍未完成资产阶级民主革命的国家

（仍未推翻地主所有制和实现民主自由的地方）继续革命，把一国革命视为世界革命

的一部分，否则革命不会成功。可难道在另一国无产阶级尚未觉醒的状态下，唯一的

选择——派兵攻打能保证不连同刚刚建立的社会主义国家一并牺牲吗？即使成功，能

保证他们国家的无产阶级因此觉醒吗？

叛徒托洛茨基则以极“左”的面目出现,抛出反革命的“不断革命论”。他抹杀农民的革

命作用,否定工农联盟,否定无产阶级对农民的领导权,主张抛开农民,跳过民主革命阶段,“向

空一跃”,“一次”实现社会主义,实际上是要一次”断送无产阶级革命。后来托洛茨基又抛出

所谓“世界革命论”,反对列宁关于社会主义革命可以在一国首先取得胜利的革命理论。列宁

痛斥了这些反革命谬论,并明确指出:“我们主张不断革命。我们决不半途而废。”(列宁全集

第九卷221页）

——《哲学小辞典》

中国的托派起初不受左派同志的待见——

。再者，中国群众最熟悉的仍是毛泽东同志，而不是陌生的托洛茨基。更

何况。

斯大林确实犯过不少错误，这里引用毛泽东同志的话：

“斯大林有许多形而上学（指用静止的眼光看问题），并且教会许多人搞形而上

学。……对立面的这种斗争和统一，斯大林就联系不起来。苏联一些人的思想就是形

而上学，就是那么硬化，要么这样，要么那样，不承认对立统一。”

“错误的经验是：斯大林的形而上学、教条主义……斯大林很爱摆架子。”

“斯大林在一九三六年宣布消灭阶级，为什么一九三七年还杀了那么多人，特务

如麻。……苏联的知识分子里面，阶级消灭的那样干净？我看不一定。最近苏联一个

作家，写了一本小说，造成世界小反苏运动。”

此外斯大林同志领导的中央处理矛盾的手段也饱受诟病：党内凡是流露不同政策

倾向的同志一概肃反枪决。（唯我独革？？？）这无疑造成了高压的政治形势，导致

政府不能制订合适于群众的政策与方案，也成为斯大林同志为后世诟病的原因之一

（毛泽东同志曾对苏联领导集体的策略表示反对）。

列宁同志和毛泽东同志用实践证明：

。

这种唯生产力论我们已经批驳过了，特色党一直鼓吹“大力发展生产力”的唯生

产力论，这四十多年了怎么还没变回社会主义？

同志，记住，从来没有哪个皇帝会革自己命，沙特阿拉伯很富有吧？都21世纪了，

还是君主制国家，你能说是因为生产力不够吗？无产者要想解放自己，等待资本家大

发慈悲是不可能的，要创造人类的幸福，全靠我们自己。

另外这里再衍生一个问题：

马克思说：“无论哪一个社会形态，在它所能容纳的全部生产力发挥出来以前，

是决不会灭亡的。”资本主义还没有发挥出它能容纳的全部生产力，因此社会主义革

命在现在是决不会成功的，对吗？

答：不对。社会主义不是一种独立的生产关系，它是资本主义与共产主义两种生

产关系的过渡。资本主义生产关系可以在社会主义国家中存在。而且，资本主义国家

所能容纳的生产力，是少于资本主义生产关系所能容纳的全部生产力的。资本主义生

产关系只有在置身于社会主义国家中时，才可能发挥出它所能容纳的全部生产力。

应试教育以提升学生应试能力为主要目的且十分看重于考试成绩、背诵与解题的

教育制度，与素质教育对立。欧美国家在资本主义改革下，开创性通才需求大增之后

逐渐改行素质教育，而东亚国家仍坚持该体制。

中国的应试教育有悠久历史，直接影响临近各国的历史教育制度。

。（恢复高考不是什么好事情）师生摒弃的教育死板正是应试教育

所鼓吹之物，由此出现“教育考据学”和“教科书圣经”等物。但部分保守者则把应

试教育看作“向上爬”和做成好事业的出路，意味着对被教育者进行早期的“努力论”

灌输。也正因此，。

资产阶级与反动政府还采用种种麻痹手段阻止教育界的变革，以图阻止社会变革而不

动摇其统治。与资产阶级密切相关的教育产业更是如此——它们还想直接从学生家庭

手中套取可以换得更多教育资源的钱财。

正走向阶级固化（指各阶级随社会发展逐步固定在各阶级轨道上不得脱身）的社

会现实也体现在应试教育上，导致富裕家庭与穷困家庭物质与精神条件的分化、成绩

优异者与成绩不佳者主导思想与享受物质条件特权的分化、学生在不同地区享受不同

教育待遇的分化、教师师资力量在不同地区的分化、私有制学校教师与公有制学校教

师在物质享受层面的分化、学生与社会的分化、学生与学生监护人认知一致性的分化、

学生监护人与教师思想的分化、教师思想层面上的分化等种种分化。

一些背后有反动势力撑腰的不法之徒甚至开设极端化的学校，用种种花言巧语哄

骗家长把自己正处在心理叛逆期的子女送到其并没有专业资质的“网戒学校”等，再

用类似法西斯主义的形式武力迫使被教育者服从命令，达成其盈利目的。

注重智力的同

时加强对德育、智育、体育、美育的全面发展是未来社会主义社会发展教育事业的必

经之路。而新左派同志们应该适当揭露并反击它、适度利用它，在教育机构尽可能谨

慎地宣传马列毛主义，努力团结知识分子与进步学生。

这种1989年，以4月中旬“悼念胡耀邦”活动为导火索，中国出现了新的学潮，各

地发生学生示威活动，史称“八九风潮”。其中，北京各高校的学生在极右领袖（很

遗憾左派当时没能抓住机会领导运动）的带领下，在天安门广场绝食抗议（和平非暴

力），后改为静坐示威。后北京宣布戒严。

6月4日，

。这次血腥镇压被

称为“六四清场”或“天安门事件”。

再此期间，工人也有发生运动，支持自由派和支持社会主义的工人群众都认识到

自己的力量，大批包括民兵组织的工人组织业已随之涌现，主张反官僚、反专制、反

控制话语权、反剥削、反独裁、反市场经济的无产阶级民主并提倡暴力解决（这些主

张与学生分歧很大）。为了巩固统治，

！

80 年代改革开放初期，中央最核心的两个领导人，一个是邓小平，一个是陈云。

二人曾联手清算文革派，扳倒华国锋。在是否推进改革开放上，二者主张是一致的，

在怎么推进改革开放上，二者出现较大分歧。邓小平主张完全的市场经济，陈云主张

计划经济为主。陈云身边聚拢了一批相同主张的老干部，包括李先念（1909-1992）、

王震（1908-1993），们的主张比邓小平派稍左，被称为老左派。

老左派是一个庞杂的群体，他们的政治、经济和文化主张并不完全一致。

陈云时期的老左派，反对文革，反对群众运动；在农村支持分田到户；在城市反

对全面建立市场经济，主张建立鸟笼经济；不承认76 年之后的中国已经是一个资本主

义国家。他们寄希望于党内健康力量，希望最高领导拨转航向，或者开一次新的遵义

会议，重新回到社会主义路线。他们主张的路线实际上类似于苏联在赫鲁晓夫、勃涅

日列夫时期的路线。

陈云之后的老左派，一部分人开始重新思考、总结前三十年社会主义理论和实践

的经验。他们愿意承认文革的进步意义，甚至完全赞同文革，但是带有一些民族主义

倾向。老左派在与改革派的斗争过程中且战且退，最终归于失败，主要原因在于老左

派思想的妥协性和不彻底性。

老左派的一部分人，如魏巍和李成瑞等人，在与改革派斗争的过程中，不断学习、

思考，思想发生了转变。转变主要体现在以下几点：肯定文化大革命，认为中国已经

是一个资本主义国家，，认为中国今后的命运取决于工人

阶级。这些人已经转变为马列毛主义革命派，而不再是老左派。

随着老左派的主要群体逐渐老去、故去，老左派思想在老工人群体中仍然有一定

影响，但对新一代工人的影响已经微乎其微。老左派群体不是以年龄划线的思想派别，

有一些年轻人也持老左派思想。

“合法斗争只是试图在现有的资本主义社会结构能容许的范围内消除它的弊端，

而不是谋求根本地更换社会结构，从而消除现有一切弊端存在的土壤，但社会结构的

根本性改变从来都基于暴力和有组织对抗甚至直接诉诸暴力（战争），则合法斗争最

大的意义即是通过当即失败和暂时成功后的失败加快非法斗争的进程。”

资本主义社会已然如此，而我们已经明白了这样的社会会葬身于革命之中，那唯

一能做的便是将资本主义消灭殆尽，使资本主义的本质更彻底更完全地暴露在群众面

前——这便是合法斗争的政治意义。

国家机器正在逐步将社会的根本矛盾暴露在群众面前，而这种暴露必然伴随对合

法斗争的压制。所以合法斗争很快便将无法在妥协为前提中获得任何利益——在这种

情况下国家作为资本家的化身，本身也无法再进一步做出妥协。这样一来，合法斗争

服务于现实利益的一部分被消灭，理论教育、公共宣传和在政治上配合非法斗争的进

行会成为合法斗争的全部意义。正因如此，绝不应该否认合法斗争在目前具有的重要

意义。

改良主义是一种试图以非革命手段解决资本主义社会矛盾的资产阶级思潮。它宣

扬阶级合作、抹杀阶级斗争，主张在保存资本主义制度的前提下实行局部社会改良;反

对暴力革命和无产阶级专政，主张通过法治实行改革，变资本主义为“普遍福利”社

会。

改良主义产生于19世纪中叶，当时资本主义的各种矛盾已充分暴露，无产阶级革

命运动蓬勃兴起，在资产阶级学者中及工人运动内部便诞生改良主义。

前者如讲坛社会主义（宣扬“超阶级”，抹杀阶级斗争）和费边社会主义（小资

产阶级知识分子对社会主义的小资产阶级化思潮）试图在不触动资本主义的条件下，

借助于在资本主义法制范围内的一系列政策调和阶级矛盾，使资本主义趋于完善；后

者如工团主义、工联主义（二者意思相近，都要求工人满足于和平斗争而不暴力革命

或主张使先锋队跟在群众后面而不指导革命进行）主张通过和平经济改良或和平斗争

（尤其是在资产阶级议会内部的斗争——“议会斗争”——这根本没有改变资本主义

的社会结构），使劳动者处境得到改善。。

改良主义是革命的敌人，曾受到马列等导师的批判，必须反对。

这种改良主义于社会进步来说，比起与特色党斗争的任何一种力量都落后，因为

他们往往在群众要求进步的关键时候，就把群众“往后拽了一把”。

78年到89年近十年时间，以反贪污反官倒开始，到89年爆发了学生抗争运动；

89年到99年近十年时间，爆发了法轮功群众抗争运动（比自由派还反动，不过我

们重点不在这里）；

而99 年至今，近二十年时间未发生过全国范围内的群众抗争运动（除了一些局部

的群体性抗争运动）；

为什么呢？

第一，特色党理论路线的欺骗性，先富帮后富，在私有化初期，在原有公有制经

济基础上，生产力增长迅速（我们说过“崛起”是帝国主义发展的必然），少数“中

彩票大奖”式的人物榜样在“摸着石头过河”的对面招摇撞骗。

第二，特色党在89以来造成了大量的白色恐怖，借“严打”之名，破坏了人民的

武装。

第三，特色党施行的一些列改良和缓和措施，特别是特色党内左派的活跃。

第四，特色党统治经验成熟，主要运用大众舆论机器对群众进行误导和欺骗，特

别是利用民族矛盾和爱国主义情绪。

第五，加强所谓法治建设，和反腐败斗争欺骗群众。其实特色党私有化改革就是

最大的腐败，反对私有化改革才能彻底的反腐败斗争。

近二十年的中国，国民良知尚存，还没有被特色党驯化，一旦在武力和宣传机器

的碾压下，形成了固有的文化习惯，就好比封建儒家思想一样荼毒深远，将是几千年

难以改变。现在所幸中国未到此步，人民群众在经过一次次斗争失败之后，终于自发

热爱毛主席，怀念毛主席，宣传毛泽东思想，继而宣扬科学社会主义真理。他们怀念

毛主席时代的社会生活，那才是人过的日子，而现在是一个把人变成鬼的社会，人民

群众憎恨特色党，厌恶唾骂，内心压抑着满腔的怒火。

——《革命》

中国特色社会主义理论是修正主义头子刘少奇新民主主义巩固论的发展和深化

（而非什么继承马列毛），到今天已经形成。

。

私人资产阶级在官僚垄断资产阶级的庇护下成长并自由地剥削工人，与官僚垄断

资产阶级有千丝万缕的联系，因此也支持特色社会主义意识形态，不过他们在政治上

权力较小，这也导致他们在支持特色社会主义的时候常有怨言。

部分小资产阶级在中国资本主义突飞猛进的过程中，也分得一杯羹，因此他们也

希望国家能够在平稳中壮大，从这个角度而言，他们也是特色社会主义意识形态的支

持者，但是他们与官僚垄断资产阶级之间的联系淡薄，因此他们的怨言比私人资产阶

级更多。

作为思潮的自由主义是从文革结束之后发展起来的。自由主义在政治上主张宪政

民主和三权分立，在经济上主张自由竞争和自由贸易，在国家与经济的关系上主张小

政府大市场，在国家与个人的关系上主张保障人权、保护资产阶级范围内的民主自由

（）。

自由主义思潮从70 年代开始发端，80 年代在社会上广泛传播，89 风波之后经过

一小段的消沉，90 年代重新兴起，与新左派展开论战。上世纪90 年代末，新自由主

义改头换面，一度成为官方意识形态，在新自由主义思想指导下完成国企改制和私有

化、加入全球化进程、医疗教育住房等社会事业市场化改革，形成官僚垄断资产阶级

集体占有命脉企业并把持政权的利益格局。

新世纪以来，还有一部分自由派仍然坚持要政体改革而为当局所不容，再次受到

统治阶级打压，《零八宪章》是这部分自由主义思潮的最高峰，随后自由主义就逐步

消融在当局国家主义的喧嚣声中。

国家主义否认国家是由利益根本不同的各阶级构成的，强调不分阶级的团结，强

调国家利益高于一切，强调对国家无条件服从。但是，国家只可能是统治阶级的国家，

只可能是最强大的那个阶级的国家。国家利益高于一切，不过是这个国家的统治阶级

的利益高于一切，对国家无条件服从，不过是要求被压迫阶级无条件顺从统治阶级的

压迫。观察者网就是国家主义的鼓吹者之一。

国家主义的阶级基础甚至比特色社会主义的阶级基础更广，官僚垄断资产阶级和

私人资产阶级渴望中国在全球扩张，小资产阶级中的部分人也能够受益于中国资本的

全球扩张，他们都成为国家主义的阶级基础。然而，

。

马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》第三章批判了多种反动的社会主义思潮。改革

开放以来，这些曾经被批倒的社会主义思潮又披着社会公正的外衣，以学术词汇包装，

复活了。所有这些新社会主义思潮，

，并

且这些人也无意将自己的主张付诸实现。

好一个优秀的传统文化！“君君臣臣父父子子”算优秀吗？“子为父隐，父为子

隐”也算优秀吗？

可能很多朋友就要问了:“那儒家思想就一点可取之处也没有吗？我们只要剔除其

中的糟粕，保留其中的精华不就可以了吗？”诚然,不论是孔丘本人还是后世的其他大

儒，他们都说过一些正确的话，儒家思想本身也利于维护社会稳定。但是在这里，我

想提出两个问题：

1、只有儒家思想在宣传这些所谓的“精华”吗？

2、这些“精华”是儒家思想的核心内容吗？

很显然，答案都是否定的。

诸如“仁爱，礼节，正义”等，看似是儒家思想的“精华”部分，然而它们都属

于“常识道德”的范畴。试问哪一国的人民不推崇友爱，哪一国的生活中没有礼仪，

哪一国的思想家不宣扬正义呢？而如果套上了“儒家思想”这层外衣,那就不得提到三

纲五常之类的所谓“糟粕”了。现在社会上各种“XX 书院”“女德班”层出不穷,这

些不法分子正是利用了腐朽的儒学（在他们那里又称“国学”），欺世盗名，轻者被

浪费时间和钱财；重者被残害精神与生命，简直令人发指！由此观之，鼓吹儒家思想

和建没所谓社会主义先进精神文明之间,没有任何必要的联系。

——《PAPER》杂志

现在甚至出现了“新儒家”这种丧家之犬，大部分新儒家主张等级制，反对民主，主张精

英政治。这与历史的潮流完全背道而驰。他们的政治主张，如关于政治体制的顶层设计、儒家

特区等，完全是空中楼阁，用筷子盖高楼，没有实现的可能；成立儒教、儒化中国更是痴人说

梦。

大部分学生在父母宠爱下过着锦衣玉食的生活，不知道自己的父母是在何种艰苦的条件下

工作，不知道自己的父母也受剥削。一部分学生受到特色洗脑或是各种反动思潮的宣传（我初

三老师就一直宣扬“努力当成人上人”，甚至鼓吹说做“老板”然后去迫害当工人的同学），

有些人还指望着通过“努力”成为资本家。

（学生与工人）如此大的分裂，主要是修正主义改革后学生和工人精神层面和物质层面严

重的差异造成。中国阶级和阶层分化断裂的局面仍会持续很久。

——《一百个为什么》

列宁同志在《共产主义运动中的“左派”幼稚病》中对其作了极好的阐述。列宁同志指出：

部分“左派”所表现的革命性不是无产阶级的革命性，而是小资产阶级革命性。它产生的经济

基础是某些国家以至全球经济和社会发展的不平衡，即存在相当数量的小资产阶级或小商品生

产。城市小资产阶级和农民不断加入无产阶级队伍，给它带来无政府主义和极端革命的小资产

阶级意识形态，而。

“这种革命性动摇不定，华而不实，它的特性是很快会转为俯首听命、消沉颓丧、耽于幻

想，甚至转为‘疯狂地’醉心于这种或那种资产阶级的‘时髦’思潮。”

“历史上每一次独特的转变，都使小资产阶级的动摇在形式上有所改变。小资产阶级的动

摇总是发生在无产阶级的周围，总是在一定程度上渗入无产阶级的队伍。”

——《共产主义运动中的“左派”幼稚病》

这些人缺乏革命锻炼，不能理解社会发展的辩证性质，教条地掌握马克思主义，不善于把

它运用于变化的具体情况。他们害怕困难，缺乏革命的坚韧性，从主观愿望出发，忽视无产阶

级革命必需的主观和客观条件，不善于克服困难，企图依靠革命的激情摆脱困难，会导致“左”

倾冒险主义，甚至葬送革命！

目前在我国马列毛主义者中存在这种问题的同志大有人在。同志们务必要克服该问题——

这关乎革命事业发展是否顺利。

说了这么多，虽然想再说点什么，但没话可说了，我想也该收尾了，那就再整个笑话吧：

下面是法院公布的统计表（来自《数说人民法院审判工作60年》），这案件数比改开前翻

了好几倍（比人口增长还快），法院居然说：

很多国家的经验表明，随着社会和经济的发展，刑事犯罪会相应增加，尤其是社会转型时

期，社会矛盾增加，刑事犯罪问题会更加突出。我国也不例外。

没错，对于很多资本主义国家来讲，确实不例外，能称为“蓬勃发展”，有勇气，有脸皮！

历年劳工安全事故数量（追溯上限为2014年12月）

2015.01-2021.05（事件跨度下同）全国劳工安全事故地图

安全事故类

按行业分类饼状图

按事故类型分类饼状图

（不知道他们为什么把未知分成两种）

按伤员人数分类饼状图

按死亡人数分类饼状图

集体行动类

（地图和部分统计图在第一单元第一讲可查看）

按行动类型分类饼状图

2011.01-2021.05（下同）

按企业类型分类饼状图

1，1978年大米为0.12元每斤。现在为3.20元每斤。上涨了26.66倍。

2，大白菜当年0.02元每斤。现在为2.6元每斤。上涨了130倍。

3，最普通的一双皮鞋的使用年限。1978年为5年，2008年平均使用年限为1年。

使用寿命下降5倍。

4，培养一名大学生。1978年从小学到大学学费为140元。现在从小学到大学要

150000元。上涨了1071倍。

5，房价，当年100平每月扣房租1.2元，现在100平每月房贷2500元，上涨2083倍。

6，环境污染。按国际马里克期指数，1978年污染指数为0.98。 2008年污染指数

为1580。污染指数上涨了1612倍。

7，牛奶里三聚氰胺含量。1978年为0。 2008年为380MG。上涨倍数为无穷大。

8，感冒发烧的治病费用。1978年为0.98元。2008年平均为90元。上涨倍数为91

倍。

9，住院一天空床位费用。1978年为0.78元。2008年为200.8元。上涨倍数为257

元。

10，最大贪污金额。1978年为19780元。是深圳一个管理进出口的官员创记录的。

2008年最大依法金额为200800000元。上涨倍数为10151倍。

11，官员数量。1978年全国吃财政饭的人为9780000人。平均80个老百姓养一个

官。2008年公务员人数为52000000人。平均25个人养活一个官。上涨了5.3倍。

12，1978年三公费用（公车费用、公费旅游、公款吃喝）为197800元。到2008年

三公费用达到了2100亿。上涨了1061678倍。

13，道德指数。用国际马里克期指数来衡量，1978年为9999。2008年为0.98。社

会主义道德指数下降10203倍。

14，经济健康指数。1978年，全国各地区各行业水平差距不大，用国际马里克期

指数来衡量，当年健康指数为1978。2008年经济健康指数为2.008。各行业各地

区各阶层矛盾重重。经济健康指数下降了985倍。

15，老百姓在银行存款占总存款比重。1978年比重为55%。2008年比重降为25%。

相反，政府机关的存款（也就是各权力部门的罚款收入以及私设的小金库）上升

了2倍。

16，政府为教育的投入占GDP的比重。1978年为8%。2008年为1.3%。下降了6倍。

17，政府为医疗的投入占GDP的比重。1978年为7.8%。2008年为0.2008%。下降了

39倍。

18，收费高速路。1978年为0公里。2008年为100000公里。上涨倍数为无穷大。

1月28日我国导弹核武器试验成功。

3月4日贵昆铁路比原计划提前9个月接轨。

5月3日我国第一批“红旗”高级轿车出厂。

10月8日我国制成第一批10万千瓦水轮发电机组。

12月23日我国在世界上第一次人工合成结晶胰岛素。

1月5日我国石油产品品种和数量自给自足，勘、采、炼技术登上世界高峰。

1月16日我国第一台载重150吨中型平板车造成。

6月17日我国第一颗氢弹爆炸成功。

7月1日成昆铁路建成通车。

7月7日全国夏粮丰收，比去年增长一成。

7月26日我国第一台100吨矿山铁路自翻车研制成功。

9月5日中国援助赞比亚政府10一无息贷款修建坦赞铁路。

10月5日我国第一台晶体管大型数字计算机研制成功。

10月15日我国第一台自动化立体摄影机研制成功。

11月29日我国最大的无线电望远镜安装调试成功。

1月8日我国第一艘万吨巨轮“东风”号建成。

2月23日我国特大型轴承制成。

4月15日根治淮北平原涝灾的大型水利工程――新汴河工程开工。

6月20日我国夏粮丰收。

8月18日我国早稻丰收。

9月3日我国研制成第一批液压传动内燃机车。

11月20日万吨远洋巨轮“高阳”号下水。

12月25日富春江大型水电站建成发电。

12月28日我国成功进行一次新的氢弹试验。

2月21日我国国内公债已全部还清，我国已经成为世界上没有内外债的强大的独立的社

会主义国家。

4月2日第一艘万吨油轮“大庆27号”下水。

5月5日我国研制成具有独特疗效的抗菌素――“庆大霉素”。

6月13日决定在上海、天津、大连6个船厂新建8个万吨级船台。

6月30日《人民日报》报道我国麦类作物丰收。

7月8日十年时间建成河南红旗渠。

9月13日丹江变电工程提前完成。

9月25日药品大幅度降价，比年初降低37%，比1950年降低80%。

9月26日无偿援助越南5.56亿元。

9月30日北京燕山炼油厂全部建成投产。

9月30日我国第一台十二万五千千瓦双水内冷气轮发电机组建成，标志我国奠基

制造业进入一个新的阶段。

10月3日我国第一台5000马力液力传动内燃机车诞生

10月4日我国第一座旋转氧气转炉投入生产。

10月28日加速第二汽车厂建设。

11月14日加速建设攀枝花钢铁基地

11月16日我国农业丰收

4月26日我国成功发射第一颗人造地球卫星。

6月1日各地新建一大批化肥厂。

7月17日农村中小型水电站装机容量相当于过去的20年的两倍。

10月16日大型现代化露天煤矿――新疆哈密矿务局露天煤矿投产。

10月17日中国全民援助朝鲜13.14亿。

12月25日葛洲坝一期工程开工。

1月2日我国轻工业形成比较完整的体系。

3月3日我国成功发射第一颗科学实验人造地球卫星。

5月15日开展工业学大庆活动

6月27日第一艘两万吨货轮“长风”号下水。

7月8日转发关于做好计划生育的工作报告。

9月27日中国无偿援助越南36.14亿元。外援金额70亿，建国来最多的一年。

10月2日追加基本建设投资51亿。

10月25日联合国恢复中国合法席位。

11月18日新华社报道，全国建成1800多座小水泥厂。

12月7日新华社报道，全国年度水利建设50亿立方米，增加农田3000万亩。

1月13日从国外引进化肥、化纤成套设备8套，以后又提出引进43亿美元成套设备和单

机的方案(即四、三方案)。

1月28日解放军落实五七指示，发展农副业生产，许多部队做到肉菜自给。

2月21日毛泽东会见尼克松，双方同意互相发展贸易。

5月13日新华社报道，我国电子工业进一步发展，1971年收音机产量相当于1965年的4

倍。

8月21日从联邦德国、日本进口一米七轧机，建在武汉钢铁公司，领有设备在北京、

上海、四川、唐山。

9月10日40万知识青年到农村和边疆安家落户。

10月13日连接中南和死难地区的重要干线湘黔铁路通车。

11月26日援助越南抗美26.57亿元。

12月26日我国第一辆载重300吨的大平板车问世。

1月1日人民日报发表新年献词，农业夺取好收成，工业生产上升。

1月2日国家计委提出进口43亿美元国外设备的方案。

2月13日新华社报道，1972年是解放以来电力发电站装机最多的一年。

3月7日新华社报道，我国发展组合机床取得显著成就。

3月20日部分企业和县社试办出口工业品专厂、专车间、出口农副土特产生产基地。

4月10日决定建设邯邢钢铁、煤炭基地。

4月15日春季广交会开幕，与我国发展贸易的国家和地区达140多个。

5月4日中国日本共同投资施工建设中日海底电缆。

6月18日国际大米价格上升，中国增加出口100万吨大米换回小麦。

6月28日我国成功进行了一次氢弹试验。

8月1日新华社报道，夏粮丰收，这是建国以来第二个大丰收年。

8月5日全国环保会议召开，制定《关于保护和改善环境的若干规定》

8月16日新华社报道，我国水田农业机械化取得新进展。

8月26日新华社报道，我国电子工业迅速发展。

8月27日我国第一台百万次集成电路电子计算机研制成功。

9月3日我国第一台天文测时、测纬光电等高仪研制成功。

9月12日全国钻井进尺和建设投产的油井生产能力创历史同期最高纪录。

9月26日国务院重申对外贸易的重要原则。

9月30日新华社消息，我国化肥产量比1965年增加一倍以上。

10月15日秋季广交会开幕，与世界150多个国家和地区发展贸易往来。

10月25日西藏发现几十种有色金属、稀有金属和非金属矿产。

11月1日新华社报道，几十座大中型水电站建成投产，小型水电站5万多个，遍及全国。

11月8日西藏军区在海拔3800米高寒地区大规模种植冬小麦丰收。这是西藏历史上农业

发展的重要变革。

12月20日新华社报道，中国航空线80多条，连接全国70多个城市，于100多个外国航空

公司建立业务往来。

12月22日新华社报道，5年来，800多万知识青年上山下乡。

12月26日同我国有贸易关系的国家和地区增加到150多个，其中50多个国家同我国签订

了贸易协议。

1月12日为在本世纪内实现毛泽东主席提出的用几个五年计划赶上和超过世界水平的战

略思想，国家计委提出《关于拟定长远计划的报告》。

1月21日国务院要求跟抓计划用粮、节约用粮、严格控制粮食销量等四点要求。

1月22日国务院提出在今后三五年内，从国外进口一批大型化学肥料、化学纤维和连续

式钢板轧机等设备。

1月30日国务院批示防止沿海水水域污染。

2月17日新华社报道，胜利油田去年创年钻井进尺150105米的全国石油钻井最高纪录。

2月19日新华社报道，我国农村掀起农田基本建设新高潮。

2月24日汉江丹江口水利枢纽初期工程建成。

3月23日我国西南交通干线成昆铁路建成。

3月30日地热发电站在河北怀涞建成。

4月2日我国第一艘二万五千吨级的浮船坞“黄山号”建成。

4月15日第三十五届广交会开幕，规模为历届之最。

4月31日我国第一台医用电子感应加速器研制成功。

5月15日华北滨海地区又建立起一个新油田――大港油田。

7月17日我国冬小麦产区推广优良品种，占全国小麦播种面积的80%以上。

8月9日伞式太阳炉研制成功。

9月12日国家计委提出增加石油、棉花、部分钢材、化肥进口。

9月12日我国第一个5万吨级码头建成。

9月15日黄河青铜峡水利枢纽建成。

9月30日新华社报道，大型油田――胜利油田建成。

10月3日我国最大竖井钻井研制成功。

10月23日新华社报道，我国地方小煤矿去年产量比1965年增长两倍多，占全年28%。

10月26日无偿援助越南11.17亿元物资。

12月19日三门峡水电站建成。

12月27日新华社报道，大庆至秦皇岛输油管道建成。

12月31日中央要求切实着金计划生育工作。

1月13日周恩来提出，本世纪末，全面实现农业、工业、国防和科学技术现代化，我国国民

经济走在世界前列。

1月14日新华社报道，四川省开发天然气取得新成就。

1月15日新华社报道，我国红麻、黄麻实现自给自足。

1月25日降低半导体收音机零售价格。

2月3日景山发电厂首次应用电子计算机控制10万千瓦燃煤气轮发电机组成功。

2月4日我国最大的水电站――刘家峡水电站建成。

3月29日高能加速器研制列入国家重点科研项目。

5月30日我国第一次发现古生界地层油田。

5月31日国务院界定出口黄金，引进铜、铝、橡胶、涤纶等原料。

7月5日我国第一条电气化铁路――宝成铁路建成。

7月8日秦皇岛至北京输油管道建成。

7月19日新华社报道，我国化肥产量显著提高，上半年增产的化肥可增产粮食100多亿斤或

3000多万担棉花。

7月28日新华社报道，全国铁路上半年货运量创历史同期最高水平。

8月8日河南地区特大暴雨，国家拨7亿元救灾费。

8月19日国务院决定2亿美元进口。

8月19日无偿援助柬埔寨6亿元物资。

8月30日新华社报道，最近三、四年来，每年有一大批电站建成投入生产。

9月1日新华社报道，我国今年早稻丰收，单产、总产创历史最高水平。

9月3日新华社报道，截止到1974年底，我国小水电发电量占总量的三分之一。

9月14日新华社报道，一亿只广播喇叭连接千村万户。

10月7日水稻培育出新品种，亩产达千斤左右。

10月27日我国成功进行一次核试验。

11月17日我国原盐丰收，创历史最好水平。

11月26日我国成功发射回收式地球卫星。

12月24日焦枝铁路通车。

12月39日新华社报道，我国农业连续13年全面丰收。

1月21日又一艘万吨级浮船坞“华山号”研制成功。

3月13日大型火力发电厂――莱芜电厂投入生产。

3月22日邮电部门发展传真通讯技术。

4月15日广交会开幕

4月21日京沪杭载波电缆投产。

4月24日6011米超深井打成。

5月1日从事海洋地质调查工作的人数比1965年增加7.5倍，调查工作发展到黄海、东海和南

海。

5月12日有点职工建成全国微波通信干线。

6月6日第一座现代化10万吨深水油港大连新港建成。

6月29日上海黄浦江上第一座公路、铁路双层铁轨建成通车。

7月6日人工培植的小黑麦在我国西南、西北、华北推广。

7月6日滇藏公路建成通车。

7月22日新华社报道，全国夏粮总产量创历史新水平。

7月23日沿海铁路干线津沪复线工程提前接轨。

8月7日因唐山地震破坏的北京至山海关铁路修复。

8月23日第一艘五万吨级远洋油轮“西湖号”在大连下水。

9月9日中国人民的伟大领袖毛泽东同志逝世。

10月5日现代化化纤联合企业――福建维尼纶厂建成。

11月16日新华社报道，全国80%以上的县建立水泥厂，产量比1965年增长4.1倍。

12月10日江南9省已探明的某谈储量比文革前增长了2倍。

12月11日高速大型通用集成电路电子计算机研制成功。

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Voice of China

The shining red star is still here today, I don't see the Communist Party back then.闪闪红星今犹在，不见当年共产党。

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弦线驻波

The shining red star is still here today, I don't see the Communist Party back then.闪闪红星今犹在， 不见当年共产党。

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特朗普取消出生公民权，能成功吗？Will Trump succeed in abolishing birthright citizenship?

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弦线驻波

The shining red star is still here today, I don't see the Communist Party back then.闪闪红星今犹在，不见当年共产党。