The president personally came to this factory in China to pick up the car!总统亲自来中国这个厂提车！

Recently, the Philippines has started to make small moves in the South China Sea, and Vietnam also wants to take the opportunity to reap more benefits. Facing the provocations of these two countries, how should we respond? Recently, the Philippines has publicly placed a number of buoys on the five islands and reefs that we have sworn sovereignty over. These buoys are printed with the Philippine flag, as well as the patterns and words of the oath of sovereignty. Obviously, the Philippines hopes to use these buoys to make an oath of sovereignty over these five places, and completely ignores us.

Not long ago, the United States and the Philippines held the largest "shoulder to shoulder" joint military exercise in history, with 17,000 participants. The United States wants to confront us in the South China Sea through its alliance with the Philippines, so as to contain our actions in the South China Sea. It is precisely because the Americans support the Philippines that the Philippines has now launched 5 huge buoys regardless of the consequences.

However, these buoys were all dragged away by our fishermen just after they were released. The Vietnamese side has been coveting Wan'an Beach, and they have established three oil well platforms on Wan'an Beach. Recently, we have dispatched coast guard ships to take pictures of these illegal drilling platforms to collect evidence. However, the Vietnamese coast guard ship illegally intercepted our law enforcement ship, and even the Vietnamese side dispatched a 4,000-ton warship to support it.

And we sent a coast guard ship with a larger displacement to come for reinforcements. In the end, the Vietnamese ships had to leave the confrontation area. Judging from our naval strength, there is no difficulty in dealing with Vietnam and the Philippines by military means. We now have 8 Type 055 10,000-ton destroyers, and there are no shortcomings in sea warfare, anti-submarine warfare, air defense operations, and ocean strikes. However, we do not want to use force to solve the problem, but hope to jointly develop, but Vietnam and the Philippines have repeatedly provoked, and of course we have to dispatch coast guard ships to enforce the law.

However, what neither Vietnam nor the Philippines expected was that three Russian warships suddenly appeared in the South China Sea recently. The Russian Pacific Fleet announced in advance that this time Russia dispatched a total of three warships to the "South China Sea" for joint exercises! The wording used by the Russian side is very clear, that is, "South China Sea"! This has clearly stated Russia's position, Putin is very interesting!

When the Philippines and Vietnam were provoking China, Russia sent large warships to conduct drills in the South China Sea. Obviously, this was support for China and gave us a lot of face! Of course, we will rely on our own strength to defend our sovereignty and territorial waters in the South China Sea, and Russia's position and practical support can help us make a stronger voice internationally.

The Russian side has long emphasized its position on our South China Sea sovereignty issue. Russian President Putin has publicly stated that the South China Sea is China's territory and territorial waters. There is no so-called South China Sea arbitration. This is just an international farce manipulated by the United States! Russia's statements and practical actions have supported us. China and Russia are watching each other, and strategic mutual trust and mutual benefit will be further deepened and expanded!

On May 20, the first batch of 1,000 Zhongtong buses purchased by Kyrgyzstan rolled off the assembly line in Liaocheng.

Amid warm applause, the 10.5-meter-long Zhongtong natural gas buses were officially unveiled, and they will replace the original fuel buses in Kyrgyzstan. President Zaparov of Kyrgyzstan came to the scene in person to participate in the off-line ceremony of the first batch of vehicles. Peng Feng, general manager of Zhongtong Bus, said: "It is a natural gas bus customized for local needs. The vehicle adopts our Zhongtong lightweight full-load technology and matches Weichai's high thermal efficiency natural gas engine. Compared with fuel vehicles, carbon emissions are reduced. 20-30%, sulfide reduction by 99%.” In recent years, Kyrgyzstan’s air pollution and the pressure to improve the ecological environment have become increasingly prominent, and the local government hopes to introduce clean energy vehicles to promote the low-carbon transformation of public transportation. Amirbek Abdkadyrov, mayor of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, said: "This is the largest livelihood project in Kyrgyzstan in 2023. These 1,000 vehicles will help solve the problem of urban traffic pollution and benefit the people. Life is very helpful." This order set a new record for China's bus exports to Kyrgyzstan. It is understood that in 2022, the bilateral trade volume between China and Kyrgyzstan has reached 15.5 billion US dollars, and China has become Kyrgyzstan's largest trading partner and source of investment. This cooperation is conducive to promoting the entry of Shandong products into Central Asia and improving the economic and trade cooperation level of "China + five countries in Central Asia".

Recently, the international community has reported that the Ukrainian military forces have launched a counterattack against Russia. This naturally requires a lot of military assistance. Now Zelensky and his wife are acting separately. Zelensky went to Europe to visit and seek more military assistance. , while the first lady Zelenskaya went to South Korea as the President's special envoy.

Ukrainian first lady expressed request for military assistance, Yin Xiyue panicked

A few days ago, Zelenskaya came to South Korea as the special envoy of the president and met with Yin Xiyue and his wife. She expressed her gratitude to South Korea for its support to Ukraine and also made a request to South Korea, hoping that South Korea can send some Minesweeping equipment, military ambulances and other non-lethal equipment.

Yin Xiyue probably panicked about this request. Since the beginning of the war, South Korea’s support for Ukraine has been reflected in solidarity and humanitarian assistance, but it was expressed last month that if Ukrainian civilians were attacked and massacred on a large scale, or violated the laws of war, then South Korea would let go of providing military assistance to Ukraine. Weapons, which may have given Zelensky hope.

As soon as Yin Xiyue finished bragging, the other party sent his wife to find him. He even invited Yin Xiyue and his wife to visit Ukraine. of greed, and it will seriously damage South Korea's relations with Russia. Even if Yin Xiyue cannot withstand the pressure of the West and needs military assistance, it is only possible to send some simple weapons to Ukraine with the help of a third country.

Zelensky visits Europe ahead of G7 summit with ulterior motives

Zelensky was not idle here, and traveled to Europe to visit France, Germany, Britain, and Italy. Of course, this time it was not in vain. Zelensky received a lot of military assistance, as well as Franco-German fighter jet operation training commitments. The reason why he chose to go to Europe at this time is that Zelensky also has his own calculations, because the G7 summit is about to be held in Hiroshima, Japan, and the leaders of Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and other countries are about to leave for the meeting. The timing conveyed Ukraine's demands, and of course I hope that these leaders can speak for Ukraine at the G7 meeting.

One of the couple is working hard in Europe, and the other is engaging in relations in Asia. It seems that they are working hard for the upcoming counteroffensive. The first lady Zelenskaya also said that Ukraine cannot admit defeat. Only when Russia stops attacking can the war end. It may be over. Just recently, some reporters broke the news that Poland, together with Eastern Europe and the Baltic countries, tried to persuade Zelensky to stop the war, and he could take the initiative to resign when necessary. It seems that Zelenski's life is really difficult.

Russia announced on the 20th that it has completely captured the eastern Ukrainian town of Bahmut, thus ending the longest and bloodiest battle in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Although the Ukrainian side denied the Russian battle report on the 21st, Western media have also begun to summarize the gains and losses of Russia and Ukraine in this battle known as Bahmut's "meat grinder".

From an unknown town to the focus of the world

Bakhmut, known in Soviet times as Artemovsk (the city is still called in Russia today), is mainly industrial, surrounded by salt mines and gypsum mines. The city has a total area of 41.6 square kilometers and had more than 70,000 inhabitants before the war. Geographically, Bakhmut is located at the intersection of the main roads of the "Donetsk Republic" and "Lugansk Republic", with roads connecting Lisichansk with SeveroDonetsk, Seversk, Slava Vyansk, Kramatorsk, Konstantinovka, Golovka and Luhansk. But in general, Bakhmut was an obscure town until the months after the Russian-Ukrainian conflict broke out.

The Associated Press recalled that the Russian army began to adjust its deployment after the failure of the blitzkrieg in the first phase of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, focusing on attacking Donbass and other places, and Bakhmut was involved in the war. In May 2022, Popasna, the supply center in the Donbass region, which was heavily defended by the Ukrainian army, was captured by the Russian army. Bakhmut was exposed to the front of the Russian army, and tens of thousands of local citizens were evacuated urgently. In August of that year, the Russian army and the "Wagner" private military company severely damaged a Ukrainian army unit near the city for the first time, marking the beginning of this brutal "meat grinder" battle.

Initially, neither Russia, nor Ukraine, nor the Western countries behind it, paid special attention to the Battle of Bakhmut. However, in September last year, the Ukrainian army launched a massive counterattack in the direction of Kharkov, and it has also taken the initiative in the direction of Kherson in the south. has attracted much attention. According to Prigorzhin, the founder of "Wagner", in October last year, he and Sergei Surovkin, the then commander-in-chief of the Russian Army's special operations against Ukraine, jointly formulated the "meat grinder" plan, that is, a large-scale attack on Bakhmut. Offensive, dragging the Ukrainian army into a bloody but strategically meaningless battle, smashing the Ukrainian army's attempt to invest new forces in other directions.

Regardless of whether Prigozhin's statement is exaggerated or not, since October last year, the Russian army, with the support of powerful artillery fire, began to approach Bakhmut step by step. On October 9, the settlement of Zaitsevo was occupied by Russian troops. A few days later, the settlement of Opetnoye was taken. By the autumn of that year, the "Wagner" continued to capture several settlements near Bakhmut. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy acknowledged the dire situation across the city. At the end of November, Bakhmut was about to be surrounded by the Russian army. The Ukrainian army stated that "Bahmut is the most difficult part of the entire front line."

But Zelensky insisted that the Ukrainian army continue to hold the city. On December 20, 2022, he arrived in Bahmut suddenly, and braved Russian artillery fire to honor the officers and soldiers of the Ukrainian army in the workshop of a metal processing factory, becoming a model for Western media to promote Ukraine's will to resist. But these did not turn the tide of the battle. The Russian army adopted the mode of "opening the way with artillery fire" and taking turns to attack in Bakhmut. The Ukrainian army, which was at a disadvantage in both firepower and troops, suffered heavy losses. In January of this year, the Russian army announced that it had destroyed more than half of the strength of the 53rd Ukrainian Mechanized Infantry Brigade. At that time, Uri Skala, the frontline commander of the Ukrainian army, suggested abandoning Bakhmut because "the Ukrainian army was forced to send newly mobilized and inexperienced soldiers to defend the city." According to Russian frontline reporters, in order to fill the shortage of troops, Ukraine also sent a large number of foreign mercenaries to Bakhmut.

In March of this year, Bakhmut's supply line leading to the rear was gradually cut off, and the situation of the Ukrainian army became increasingly tense. High-level Ukrainian troops demanded to evacuate from Bakhmut in order to preserve their vitality as much as possible. Ukrainian military expert Stupark believes that even if the Ukrainian army retreats, it will not help the Russian army to break through, because the Russian army has already tried to occupy Bakhmut. Consumes a lot of men, equipment, weapons and time. Former British chief of staff Richard Dennett said it made sense for the Ukrainian army to retreat to a safer line because the city was not strategically important to Ukraine. However, in order to strengthen the confidence of Western allies in Ukraine and continue to increase military aid to Ukraine, Zelensky still asked the Ukrainian army to stick to the city. In an interview with CNN, he made it clear that losing the city would be seen as a political failure for Ukraine, "I told the commander in chief to do everything possible to find the right troops to help Bakhmut's soldiers. There is no part of Ukraine. It can be abandoned.” On March 22, Zelensky once again visited Bakhmut in person to cheer for the Ukrainian army.

Zelensky's persistence is almost waiting for an opportunity. At the beginning of May, the Russian army had occupied about 95% of Bakhmut's area. However, the contradiction between "Wagner" and the regular Russian army is getting deeper and deeper. Prigorzhin criticized Shoigu and Gorasimov and other senior Russian military leaders for their "inaction" through video roll call, complaining that the Russian Ministry of Defense provided insufficient ammunition for the "Wagner", which caused heavy casualties for the "Wagner", which relied heavily on artillery support. . He even warned that if the ammunition of "Wagner" cannot be fully guaranteed, he will lead his troops to withdraw from the Bakhmut front line at zero o'clock on May 10. Two days later, the Russian Ministry of Defense promised to provide ammunition to "Wagner", and Prigozhin decided to continue the offensive. In mid-May, the Ukrainian army only controlled 20 buildings in Bakhmut, and "the complete liberation of this city is approaching." On May 20, Prigozhin announced the "liberation of the whole city of Bakhmut".

Is it "Stalingrad" or "Verdun"?

Whether it is Russia, Ukraine or Western countries, some people compare the Battle of Bakhmut with the Battle of Stalingrad, one of the turning points of World War II. Ukrainian supporters believe that although the Ukrainian army paid a heavy price in Bakhmut, it has won valuable time for the arrival of a large number of advanced weapons and equipment provided by the West to Ukraine and the corresponding personnel training. More importantly, this battle demonstrated the determination of the Ukrainian army to resist and strengthened the confidence of the West to continue to assist. From the perspective of the Russian side, the Battle of Bakhmut exhausted the war potential of the Ukrainian army for the spring counteroffensive. This is like the German elite troops "losing a lot of blood" in the fierce battle of the Battle of Stalingrad, and finally lost the war initiative. Same.

But more international observers believe that Bachmut's bloodiness is comparable to the Battle of Verdun in World War I. Russia's tsargrad TV station said on the 20th that the battle of Bakhmut's "meat grinder" ended in a complete victory for the Russian army. The Russian occupation of Bakhmut lasted 224 days. According to the report, the blow to Ukraine was double: "Just one year ago, on May 20, the Russian army liberated Mariupol from the Ukrainian army." But the report acknowledged that the Battle of Bachmut repeated the plan of the Battle of Verdun in World War I, which was known as the "Verdun Meat Grinder" - when the German army wanted to "let the French bleed out" through this battle , As a result, the German army also paid the price of "bleeding dry".

The Associated Press described that during the Battle of Bahmut, Russia and Ukraine consumed ammunition "at a rate that has not occurred in any armed conflict for decades", firing thousands or even more artillery shells every day. Eight months of artillery "washing the ground" also completely reduced Bahmut to ruins. Ukrainian military spokesman Serhi Cherewati called Bakhmut "the bloodiest and most brutal part of the Russia-Ukraine conflict to date." Soldiers who survived the battle called it "true hell." Most of the fighting between the two sides around Bahemut turned into a trench warfare similar to that of World War I.

Regarding the specific losses of Russia and Ukraine in the Bakhmut battle, the two sides have different opinions. Russia's "Moscow Komsomolets" stated on the 20th that in the Battle of Bakhmut, the Ukrainian army suffered huge losses. Russian military expert Vladislav Shurigin said that about 50,000 Ukrainian troops died in the battle here, and 120,000 were injured or missing. In addition, more than 100 tanks, 200 artillery and multiple rocket launchers, and more than 1,000 armored vehicles were destroyed by the Ukrainian army. "Ukraine has suffered heavy losses in personnel and equipment, and has lost many elite troops here, reducing the possibility of a spring counteroffensive."

The Ukrainian side stated that the Russian army suffered the same serious losses in Bakhmut, with estimated casualties of more than 100,000, and the "Wagner" armed personnel "marched on the corpses of their own soldiers." The U.S. government estimated in early May that more than 20,000 Russian troops were killed in Bakhmut, half of whom were members of the "Wagner". Prigozhin's decision to set up a training center in the Russian border area at the end of last year was related to the excessive loss of "Wagner" in Bakhmut. The Russian army recently admitted that it lost two senior commanders on the Bakhmut front: Vyacheslav Makarov, commander of the 4th Motorized Infantry Brigade of the Russian Army, and the deputy commander of a certain department of the Russian Army in charge of military and political work Yevgeny Brovko, which also testifies to the heavy casualties of the Russian army at Bakhmut.

Mark Sleboda, a U.S. international affairs and security analyst, explained that Bahmut has an unusual geography: It is separated by a river, and there are multiple bodies of water in the city, making it easier to defend. At the same time, Bahmut also has a large number of underground tunnels, which may merge with the large salt mine of Soledar to the north. These are very extensive bunker systems and fortifications built by the Soviet Union during World War II. Some of these tunnels are large enough for tanks to enter and exit. This amounts to having another city hidden beneath the battling city of Bahemut, making it harder to capture from a defensive standpoint.

Where's next after Bachmut?

Regardless of whether the Ukrainian army still has a small number of troops standing firm in Bakhmut, they have been unable to reverse the overall situation. Both Russia and Ukraine will focus on the next stage of the outbreak.

Russian Defense Minister Shoigu had previously expounded on the significance of the victory in the Battle of Bakhmut, saying that controlling Bakhmut would open the way for the Russian army to attack. Russian military analyst Vladislav Shurigin believes that the control of the Bakhmut settlement by the Russian army will reduce the defense of the Ukrainian armed forces in the Donbas region by half. He also said that the end of the Bakhmut battle could play a key role in the fate of the Ukrainian armed forces deployed in Avtievka.

The Ukrainian side stated that Kiev is preparing for a large-scale counteroffensive. At the same time as the Battle of Bakhmut, the strength of the Ukrainian army is increasing. Through the long battle at Bakhmut, the Ukrainian army has forced the Russian army to draw troops from other parts of the front line to engage in brutal strangulation. The Russian army suffered heavy casualties for this, which meant that the Russian army's defense lines elsewhere were severely weakened before the major counteroffensive planned by the Ukrainian army. "Russia admits that due to the counterattack of the Ukrainian army, the Russian army has lost some positions around Bakhmut."

The loss of Bahmut would be a blow to Ukraine and give Russia a tactical advantage, but is not expected to have a decisive impact on the outcome of the conflict, the Associated Press said. Bakhmut provides important road connections to other parts of Donetsk: east to the Lugansk border, northwest to Slavyansk, and southwest to Konstantinovka. Russian military expert Yevgeny Nolin believes that with the end of the Battle of Bakhmut, the fighting between the two sides will be transferred to another part of the Eastern Front. The front-line fighting near the Svatovo-Kremennaya and Lisichansk gathering areas in the "Lugansk Republic" may be "resurrected" again, and the Russian armed forces may also try to attack Austria in the Zaporozhye region in the south. Lekhov City, because this location is of great significance to the logistical support of the Ukrainian army.

 最近，菲律宾在南海又开始做小动作，越南也想趁机捞到更多好处。面对这两个国家的挑衅，我们当如何应对呢？近日，菲律宾公开在我们已经宣誓过主权的5个岛礁投放了多个浮标，这些浮标上面印有菲律宾国旗，还有宣誓主权的图案和文字。很明显，菲律宾是希望通过这些浮标，来对这5个地方进行主权宣誓，完全不把我们放在眼里。

前不久，美国和菲律宾举行了史上最大规模的“肩并肩”联合军事演习，参演人数高达17000人。美国想通过与菲律宾的联合，来与我们在南海进行对抗，以此来遏制我方在南海的行动。正是因为美国人为菲律宾撑腰，所以，菲律宾现在已经不顾后果，投放了5个巨大的浮标。

不过，这些浮标刚刚投放完，就被我们的渔民全部拖走了。而越南方面一直觊觎万安滩，他们在万安滩上已经建立了三座油井平台。我方在近日出动海警船，对这些非法的钻井平台进行拍照取证。然而，越南海警船对我方执法船进行了非法拦截，甚至越南方面还出动了一艘高达4000吨的军舰前来进行支援。

而我们派出了排水量更大的海警船前来增援，最后，越南舰船不得不离开对峙海域。以我们的海军实力来看，以军事手段来对付越南和菲律宾，并没有什么困难。我们的055型万吨驱逐舰现在已经有8艘，无论是在对海作战和反潜作战，以及防空作战，远洋打击等方面，都没有短板。不过，我们并不想通过武力来解决问题，而是希望共同开发，但越南和菲律宾却一再进行挑衅，我们当然要出动海警船进行执法。

然而，令越南和菲律宾都没有想到的是，最近，三艘俄军军舰突然在南海出现。俄罗斯太平洋舰队提前发布消息称，本次俄方总共出动三艘军舰，到达“中国南海”进行联合演练！俄方使用的字眼非常明确，就是“中国南海”！这已经明确表明了俄方立场，普京很够意思！

正值菲律宾和越南对中方进行挑衅之时，俄方派出大型战舰到南海进行演练，很明显，这是对中国的支持，给了我们很大的面子！我们当然会依靠自身力量来捍卫我们的南海主权和领海完整，而俄方的立场与实际行动支持，能够帮助我们在国际上能够发出更强的声音。

俄方早就对我们的南海主权问题强调过自己的立场，俄罗斯总统普京已经公开表态，南海就是中国的领土和领海，没有所谓的南海仲裁一说，这只是美国一手操纵的国际闹剧！俄方的表态与实际行动声援了我们，中俄之间相互守望，战略互信与互利将进一步加深，进一步扩大！

5月20日，吉尔吉斯斯坦采购的1000辆中通客车首批车辆在聊城下线。

在热烈的掌声中，身长10.5米中通天然气公交车正式亮相，它们将替换吉尔吉斯斯坦原有的燃油公交车。吉尔吉斯斯坦总统扎帕罗夫亲自来到现场，参加首批车辆的下线仪式。中通客车总经理彭锋说：“是针对当地需求定制化开发的天然气客车。车辆采用我们中通轻量化全承载技术，匹配潍柴高热效率天然气发动机，与燃油车相比，碳排放量减少20-30%，硫化物减少99%。”年来，吉尔吉斯斯坦空气污染和生态环境改善压力日益凸显，当地政府希望引入清洁能源车辆，促进公共交通低碳转型。吉尔吉斯斯坦比什凯克市市长艾米尔别克·阿布德卡德罗夫说：“这是吉尔吉斯斯坦2023年规模最大的民生项目，这1000辆车将有利于解决城市交通污染问题，对人民的生活非常有帮助。”此次订单创下了中国对吉尔吉斯斯坦客车出口新纪录。据了解，2022年，中吉双边贸易额已达155亿美元，中国成为吉尔吉斯斯坦第一大贸易伙伴国和投资来源国。本次合作有利于推进山东产品走进中亚，提升“中国+中亚五国”经贸合作水平。

近日，国际社会上传出了乌克兰军方力量对俄罗斯进行反攻的消息，这自然就需要不少军事援助，如今泽连斯基夫妇分开行动，泽连斯基前往欧洲访问并求得更多军事援助，而第一夫人泽连斯卡娅则是以总统特使的身份前往了韩国。

乌克兰第一夫人表达了军事援助请求，尹锡悦慌了

日前泽连斯卡娅以总统特使的身份来到韩国，与尹锡悦夫妇进行会面，表达了对韩国一直以来对乌克兰支持的感谢，同时也提出了对韩国的请求，希望韩国可以给乌克兰送去一些扫雷排雷器材、军用救护车等非杀伤性装备。

对于该请求，尹锡悦恐怕慌了。因为战争开始到现在，韩国对乌克兰的支援一直体现在声援和人道主义救助，不过就是上个月表达了如果乌克兰平民被大规模袭击和屠杀，或者违反战争法，那么韩国将松口对乌克兰提供军事武器，这或许是给了泽连斯基希望。

尹锡悦刚吹完牛，对方就派妻子找上门了，甚至还邀请尹锡悦夫妇二人前往乌克兰访问，看来也不能轻易“口嗨”，一旦打开军援的闸门，尹锡悦也知道泽连斯基的贪得无厌，而且这将严重破坏韩国与俄罗斯的关系。即便是尹锡悦顶不住西方的压力，必须军援，也只有可能是借助第三国的手，给乌克兰送去一些简单的武器。

泽连斯基在G7峰会之前访问欧洲，别有用意

泽连斯基这边也没闲着，前往欧洲访问法国德国英国和意大利，当然这次也没有白来，泽连斯基又得到了不少军事援助，还有法德的战斗机操作培训承诺。之所以选择在这个时间前往欧洲，泽连斯基也有自己的小算盘，因为G7峰会即将在日本广岛召开，德国、法国、英国、意大利等国领导人即将启程参会，泽连斯基选择合适的时机传达了乌克兰的诉求，当然也希望这些领导人能够在G7会议上为乌克兰说话。

夫妇二人一个在欧洲发力，一个在亚洲搞关系，看来像是在为即将到来的反攻发力，第一夫人泽连斯卡娅也表示乌克兰不可能认输，只有俄罗斯停止进攻，战争才可能结束，就在近日还有记者爆料称波兰带着东欧和波罗的海国家一起试图说服泽连斯基停止战争，必要时刻可以主动请辞，看来泽连斯基日子真不好过。

俄罗斯方面20日宣布，已经完全拿下乌克兰东部城镇巴赫穆特，从而结束了俄乌冲突中持续时间最长、最血腥的争夺战。尽管乌克兰方面21日否认了俄方战报，但西方媒体也已经开始总结，俄乌双方在这场被称为巴赫穆特“绞肉机”之战中的得与失。

从不知名小城到世界焦点

巴赫穆特在苏联时代被称为阿尔乔莫夫斯克（俄罗斯至今仍以此称呼该城），以工业为主，周围拥有盐矿和石膏矿。该城总面积为41.6平方公里，战前居民人数超过7万人。就地理位置而言，巴赫穆特位于“顿涅茨克共和国”和“卢甘斯克共和国”主要道路的交汇处，有道路连接利西昌斯克和北顿涅茨克、谢韦尔斯克、斯拉维扬斯克、克拉马托尔斯克、康斯坦丁诺夫卡、戈洛夫卡和卢甘斯克等地。但总体而言，一直到俄乌冲突爆发后的数月内，巴赫穆特都属于默默无闻的小城。

美联社回顾称，俄军在俄乌冲突第一阶段的闪击战失败后开始调整部署，重点攻击顿巴斯等地，巴赫穆特就此卷入战火。2022年5月，乌军重点防御的顿巴斯地区补给中心波帕斯纳被俄军攻克，巴赫穆特暴露在俄军兵锋面前，数万当地市民紧急撤离。当年8月，俄军与“瓦格纳”私营军事公司首次在该市附近重创了一支乌军分队，标志着这场残酷“绞肉机”之战的开始。

最初，无论是俄罗斯，还是乌克兰以及背后的西方国家，都没有特别关注巴赫穆特之战。但去年9月乌军在哈尔科夫方向大举反攻，在南部赫尔松方向也已掌握主动权，在此情况下，俄军还占据优势的顿巴斯方向、尤其是巴赫穆特的命运就备受关注。按照“瓦格纳”创始人普里戈任的说法，去年10月他与时任俄军对乌特别行动总指挥谢尔盖·苏罗维金共同制订了“绞肉机”计划，即在巴赫穆特大举进攻，把乌军拖入一场血腥、但在战略上毫无意义的战事中，粉碎乌军在其他方向投入生力军的企图。

不论普里戈任的说法是否有所夸大，但从去年10月开始，俄军在强大炮火支援下，开始步步为营地向巴赫穆特逼近。10月9日，扎伊采沃居民点被俄军占领。几天后，奥佩特诺耶居民点被占领。到了当年秋季，“瓦格纳”持续攻占巴赫穆特附近的多个居民点。乌克兰总统泽连斯基承认整个城市的局势非常严峻。11月底，巴赫穆特即将被俄军包围，乌军表示“巴赫穆特是整个前线最困难的地段”。

但泽连斯基坚持要求乌军继续坚守这座城市。2022年12月20日，他突然抵达巴赫穆特，并冒着俄军炮火在一家金属加工厂车间里为乌军官兵授勋，成为西方媒体宣传乌克兰抵抗意志的典范。但这些并没有能扭转战局。俄军在巴赫穆特采用“炮火开路”、轮番攻击模式，无论火力还是兵力都处于劣势的乌军损失相当惨重。今年1月，俄军宣布摧毁了乌克兰第53机械化步兵旅一半以上的力量。当时乌军前线指挥官尤里·斯卡拉曾建议放弃巴赫穆特，因为“乌军被迫派出刚动员、没有战斗经验的军人保卫这座城市”。根据俄方前线记者的说法，为填补兵力不足，乌克兰还向巴赫穆特派出了大量外国雇佣兵。

今年3月，巴赫穆特通向后方的补给线逐步被切断，乌军形势日益吃紧。乌军高层要求从巴赫穆特撤离以尽量保存有生力量，乌军事专家斯杜帕克认为，即使乌军撤退也不会有助于俄军的突破，因为俄军在试图占领巴赫穆特的过程中已消耗大量人员、设备、武器和时间。英军前总参谋长理查德·丹纳特称，乌军撤退到更安全的防线是有意义的，因为在战略上这座城市对乌克兰并不重要。但泽连斯基为坚定西方盟友对乌克兰的信心、继续加大对乌军援，仍要求乌军固守该城。他接受美国有线电视新闻网采访时明确表示，失去这座城市将被视为乌克兰在政治上的失败，“我告诉总司令，全力寻找合适的部队来帮助巴赫穆特的士兵。乌克兰没有任何一部分可以被抛弃。”3月22日，泽连斯基再次亲临巴赫穆特为乌军打气。

泽连斯基的坚持几乎就要等到机会。5月初，俄军已占领了巴赫穆特约95%的面积。但“瓦格纳”与俄军正规军的矛盾也越来越深。普里戈任通过视频点名批评绍伊古和戈拉西莫夫等俄军高层“不作为”，抱怨俄国防部为“瓦格纳”提供的弹药不足，导致严重依靠炮火支援的“瓦格纳”人员伤亡惨重。他甚至警告称，如果“瓦格纳”的弹药无法得到充分保障，他将在5月10日零时率军撤离巴赫穆特前线。两天后，俄国防部承诺向“瓦格纳”提供弹药，普里戈任决定继续进攻。5月中旬，乌军在巴赫穆特只控制20栋建筑物，“这座城市的完全解放已经临近”。5月20日，普里戈任宣布“巴赫穆特全城解放”。

是“斯大林格勒”，还是“凡尔登”？

无论是俄罗斯、乌克兰还是西方国家，都有人将巴赫穆特之战与二战转折点之一的斯大林格勒战役相提并论。乌克兰的支持者认为，尽管乌军在巴赫穆特付出了惨痛代价，却为西方提供的大批先进武器装备运抵乌克兰，以及相应的人员培训赢得了宝贵的时间。更重要的是，此战展现了乌军抵抗决心，坚定了西方继续援助的信心。而在俄方看来，巴赫穆特之战耗尽了乌军为春季反攻准备的战争潜力，这就如同德军精锐部队在斯大林格勒战役的激烈战斗中大量“失血”，最终丧失战争主动权一样。

但更多国际观察家认为，巴赫穆特的血腥程度堪比一战的凡尔登战役。俄罗斯tsargrad电视台20日称，巴赫穆特“绞肉机”之战以俄军彻底的胜利而告终。俄军占领巴赫穆特的行动持续了224天。报道称，这对乌克兰的打击是双重的：“就在一年前的5月20日，俄军从乌军中解放了马里乌波尔”。但报道承认，巴赫穆特之战重复了一战凡尔登战役的计划，后者以“凡尔登绞肉机”而闻名——当时德军想通过此战“让法国人把血流尽”，结果德军也付出了“把血流干”的代价。

美联社描述称，在巴赫穆特之战中，俄乌双方以“几十年来任何武装冲突中都没有出现过的速度消耗弹药”，每天发射数千枚甚至更多的炮弹。长达8个月的炮火“洗地”，也让巴赫穆特彻底沦为废墟。乌军发言人谢尔希·切雷瓦蒂称，巴赫穆特是“迄今为止俄乌冲突中最血腥、最残酷的部分”。从战场上侥幸撤出的士兵则称之为“真正的地狱”。双方在巴赫穆特周边的大部分战斗变成近似一战时期的堑壕战。

对于俄乌在巴赫穆特之战的具体损失，双方说法不一。俄罗斯《莫斯科共青团员报》20日称，在巴赫穆特之战中，乌军遭受了巨大损失。俄军事专家弗拉季斯拉夫·舒里金称，乌军在这里战死约5万人，受伤和失踪12万人。此外，乌军还有100多辆坦克、200门火炮和多管火箭炮、1000多辆装甲车被摧毁。“乌克兰在人员和装备上遭受了重大损失，在这里丢掉了许多精英部队，从而降低春季反攻的可能”。

乌克兰方面则表示，俄军在巴赫穆特遭受了同样的严重损失，预计人员伤亡在10万以上，“瓦格纳”武装人员“是在自己士兵的尸体上行进”。美国政府5月初的评估认为，俄军在巴赫穆特有超过2万人阵亡，其中一半是“瓦格纳”成员。普里戈任去年底决定在俄边境地区设立训练中心，就与“瓦格纳”在巴赫穆特损失过大有关。俄军近日承认，在巴赫穆特前线损失了两名高级指挥官：俄陆军第4摩托化步兵旅旅长维亚切斯拉夫·马卡罗夫和俄陆军某部负责军事政治工作的副指挥官叶甫盖尼·布罗夫科，这也证明了俄军在巴赫穆特的惨重伤亡。

美国国际事务和安全分析师马克·斯莱博达解释说，巴赫穆特拥有非同寻常的地理位置：它被一条河流隔开，市里有多个水体，这使它更容易防御。同时巴赫穆特还有大量地下隧道，可能与北面的索列达尔大型盐矿汇合。这些是苏联在二战时期建造的、非常广泛的掩体系统和防御工事。其中一些隧道大到足以供坦克进出。这相当于在正在战斗的巴赫穆特城市下面还藏有另一座城市，使得它从防御角度来看更难被攻陷。

巴赫穆特之后接下来是哪里？

无论乌军当前是否还有少数部队在巴赫穆特坚守，但他们已经无法扭转大局，俄乌双方都将注意力投入下一阶段的爆发点。

俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古此前曾阐述了巴赫穆特战役胜利的意义，称控制巴赫穆特将为俄军开辟攻击道路。俄军事分析人士弗拉迪斯拉夫·舒里金认为，俄军控制巴赫穆特定居点将使乌武装部队在顿巴斯地区的防御减少一半。他还表示，巴赫穆特之战的结束可能对部署在阿夫季伊夫卡的乌武装部队的命运起到关键作用。

乌克兰方面则表示，基辅正在准备大规模反攻，在巴赫穆特之战的同时，乌军积蓄的力量正在不断增加。通过在巴赫穆特的长期战斗，乌军已迫使俄军从前线其他地方抽调兵力投入残酷的绞杀战。俄军为此付出惨重的伤亡，这意味着在乌军计划的重大反攻之前，俄军在其他地方的防线被严重削弱。“俄罗斯承认，由于乌军的反攻，俄军在巴赫穆特周围失去了部分阵地”。

美联社称，失去巴赫穆特将对乌克兰造成打击，给俄罗斯带来战术优势，但预计不会对冲突结果产生决定性影响。巴赫穆特提供了通往顿涅茨克其他地区的重要道路连接：向东到卢甘斯克边境，西北到斯拉维扬斯克，西南到康斯坦丁诺夫卡。俄军事专家叶夫根尼·诺林认为，随着巴赫穆特之战的结束，双方的战斗将转移到东部前线的另一部分。在“卢甘斯克共和国”的斯瓦托沃-克雷门纳亚和利西昌斯克聚集区附近的前线战火或将重新“复苏”，俄武装部队也可能试图攻击南部扎波罗热地区的奥列霍夫市，因为这一地点对乌军的后勤保障意义重大。