Solar-storage integration: an inevitable trend?光储一体化：必然趋势？

Zhang Jianhua, director of the National Energy Administration, mentioned in the article "Striving to Write a New Chapter of Coordinating Power Development and Safety" that in the "14th Five-Year Plan" and even a longer period in the future, my country will further promote carbon peaking, carbon neutrality, and build A new type of power system with new energy as the main body.

Adhering to overall development and safety is the key to the high-quality development of the electric power industry in the new era.

Solar-storage-charge integration has broad prospects

Since China put forward the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy, improvement of energy utilization efficiency and deep emission reduction have become the basic direction of the development of the energy industry.

It can be said that achieving carbon neutrality and giving priority to the development of non-fossil energy has become part of the top-level design of my country's energy development.

Proportion of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in 2025

From the perspective of the energy supply side, the clean energy structure will be the main path to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

In other words, renewable energy will be the protagonist of China's clean energy transformation. In the drama of carbon neutrality, renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaics and the integrated development of "photovoltaic, energy storage, and charging" are undoubtedly important. It is of great importance and has infinitely broad prospects.

Driven by the country's long-term policy guidance and market support, after more than ten years of development, photovoltaics has become an emerging industry in my country's energy industry that can participate in international competition and is expected to achieve strategic revival.

At present, my country's photovoltaic industry ranks among the top in the world in terms of manufacturing scale, industrialization technology level, application market expansion, and industrial system construction.

Photovoltaic industry system construction

According to the photovoltaic and energy storage development plans of various provinces during the 14th Five-Year Plan, most of the provinces have designated proportions of no less than 10%, and only the provinces that have announced the allocation of storage ratios have planned energy storage installations exceeding 29GW.

Assuming that other unannounced provinces also adopt a 10% storage ratio, it is estimated that the installed capacity of energy storage will exceed 41GW during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, laying the foundation for the outbreak of the photovoltaic energy storage market during the 45th Five-Year Plan period.

Energy storage installation plan in each province

In 2021, the scale of new distributed photovoltaic installations in my country will exceed that of centralized photovoltaics for the first time. In May 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration mentioned in the plan that by 2025, the roof photovoltaic coverage of new buildings in public institutions will strive to reach 50%.

Solar-storage-charge integration usually occurs with distributed photovoltaics. After the requirements are put forward for the proportion of distributed photovoltaic installed capacity, it will further promote the implementation of solar-storage-charge integration and expand the installed capacity of solar-storage-charge integration.

Thoughts on the implementation of integration of light storage and charging

Judging from the actual situation of the integration of solar storage and charging in the past, the integration of solar storage and charging generally appears with charging stations. On the one hand, the integrated solar storage and charging power stations will absorb electricity from the grid.

On the other hand, due to the limited installation area, the installed power of energy storage is usually 2.5 times that of photovoltaic installed power, and the installed time of energy storage is usually 2-4 hours. Judging from the energy storage development plan of each province during the 14th Five-Year Plan, it should be absorbed Based on the experience of integrating light, storage and charging, the installation time in most provinces is set to 2 hours.

Energy storage installation project

At present, my country has become the world's largest electric vehicle market. Compared with the rapid development of electric vehicles, the construction of charging infrastructure is slow, resulting in a huge gap in charging piles.

The rapid development of new energy power generation and electric vehicles provides a good opportunity for the integrated development of "photovoltaic + energy storage + charging".

In the case of unbalanced development of electric vehicles and charging piles, the solar-storage-charging system is an ideal solution to the above problems, and the solar-storage-charging integrated charging station is an innovative attempt in the construction of new energy vehicle charging stations.

Solar-storage integration construction

The solar-storage-charge integrated power station can use the energy storage system to store energy at night, and supply power to the charging station through the energy storage power station and the grid during the peak charging period.

It not only realizes peak shaving and valley filling, but also saves the cost of power distribution capacity expansion, and can effectively solve the problems of intermittent and unstable new energy power generation.

Photovoltaic, energy storage and charging facilities form a micro-grid, which intelligently interacts with the public grid according to demand, and can realize two different operation modes of grid-connected and off-grid.

The use of energy storage systems can also alleviate the impact on the regional power grid when charging piles are charged with high current.

power grid

For new commercial districts and communities, when building charging piles and charging stations, the power distribution capacity can be re-planned, but for old communities with insufficient capacitance, power distribution is very difficult.

For this, energy buffering is extremely necessary. In the past, the construction of electric vehicle charging stations was mainly dominated by the power grid.

Private or individual enterprises without grid qualifications may often face problems of insufficient land resources or grid access in the process of building charging stations.

In the original power distribution network, the daily load may use 80% of the energy, and the remaining 20% of the energy is not enough for charging stations, especially for new energy logistics vehicles and electric vehicle rental companies with centralized charging needs. image

Solar-storage integrated charging station

The integrated solution of solar storage and charging will be able to solve the problem of distribution network in limited land resources, and achieve a basic balance between local energy production and energy load through energy storage and optimized configuration.

It can flexibly interact with the public grid as needed and operate relatively independently, using new energy as much as possible, alleviating the impact of charging pile power consumption on the grid. In terms of energy consumption, the energy storage battery is directly used to charge the power battery, which improves the energy conversion efficiency.

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, as the beginning of the road to carbon neutrality in the next 40 years, we will vigorously develop the production and utilization of solar energy storage and charging energy integrating wind power, photovoltaics, and energy storage, and will achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and energy structure transformation in my country. play a huge role in.

Solar-storage integration construction

On the whole, solar storage and charging are still in the early stage of commercialization from policy-driven to market-driven, and there are many problems in terms of lack of standards, safety, cost, etc. There are technical barriers in battery testing, and the investment recovery period is relatively long (about 5.5 years ).

However, more and more new energy vehicles are on the road, and the demand for convenient charging facilities is becoming more and more urgent. In the future, with the further reduction of component costs, the business operation model will become more mature. Under the support of strong policy guidance, government subsidies and pilot demonstration projects of leading enterprises Under the guidance, the large-scale implementation of the integration of solar storage and charging is expected to provide more market development opportunities for domestic manufacturers.

On the other hand, with the continuous exploration of pilot projects, solar storage and charging are also multi-functional complexes such as substation + charging station + data center station + DC distribution station + photovoltaic station + energy storage station + refueling + gas refilling + power exchange trend development.

国家能源局局长章建华发布的文章《奋力谱写统筹电力发展和安全新篇章》中提到，在"十四五"以至未来更长一段时期，我国将深入推进碳达峰、碳中和，构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统。

坚持统筹发展和安全，是新时代电力事业高质量发展的关键。

光储充一体化具有广阔的前景

自中国提出碳达峰与碳中和目标之后，大规模开发利用可再生能源、提升能源利用效率和深度减排成为了能源行业发展的基本方向。

可以说实现碳中和、优先发展非化石能源，已经成为我国能源发展顶层设计的一部分。

风电、光伏在2025年发电量占比

从能源供给侧来看，能源结构的清洁化将是实现碳达峰、碳中和的主要路径。

也就是说，可再生能源将是中国能源清洁转型的主角，在碳中和这出大戏中，以风电、光伏为主的可再生能源以及"光伏．储能．充电"一体化发展无疑是重中之重，具有无限广阔的前景。

在国家长期政策引导和市场扶持的驱动下，光伏经过十几年的发展已经成为我国在能源行业可参与国际竞争，并且有希望达到战略复兴的新兴产业。

目前我国光伏产业在制造业规模、产业化技术水平、应用市场拓展、产业体系建设等方面均位居全球前列。

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光伏产业体系建设

根据各省十四五期间光伏、储能发展规划看，其中超大部分省份划定的比例不低于10%，仅已公布配储比例的省份，储能装机规划已超过29GW。

假设其他尚未公布的省份也采用10％的配储比例，预计十四五期间储能装机规模将超41GW，奠定了四十五期间光伏储能市爆发的基础。

各省份储能装机规划

2021年，我国分布式光伏新增装机规模首次超过集中式，2022年5月，国家发改委、国家能源局发布的规划中提到，到2025年公共机构新建建筑屋顶光伏覆盖率力争达到50%。

光储充一体化通常搭配分布式光伏出现，对分布式光伏装机比例提出要求后，将进一步推动光储充一体化的落地，扩大光储充一体化装机规模。

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光储充一体化落地的思考

从以往已光储充一体化项目落地的实际情况来看，光储充一体化一般搭配充电站出现，一方面光储充一体化电站会吸纳电网的电。

另一方面受安装面积所限，其储能装机功率通常是光伏装机功率的2.5倍，储能装机时长通常为2-4小时，从各省份十四五期间储能发展规划看，应该是吸收了光储充一体化落地经验，大多数省份的装机时长都设置为2小时。

储能装机项目

目前，我国已经成为世界最大的电动汽车市场，相比于电动车的快速发展，充电基础设施建设速度缓慢，导致存在巨大的充电桩缺口。

而新能源发电和电动车快速发展为"光伏＋储能＋充电"一体化发展提供了良好的机遇。

在电动汽车和充电桩发展不平衡的情况下，光储充系统解决上述问题的一种理想方案，光储充一体化充电站更是新能源汽车充电站建设上的一次创新尝试。

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光储一体化建设

光储充一体化电站能够利用储能系统在夜间进行储能，在充电高峰期通过储能电站和电网一同为充电站供电。

既实现了削峰填谷，又能节省配电增容费用，同时能有效解决新能源发电间歇性和不稳定等问题。

光伏、储能和充电设施形成了一个微网，根据需求与公共电网智能互动，并可实现并网、离网两种不同运行模式。

储能系统的使用还能缓解充电桩大电流充电时对区域电网的冲击。

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电网

对于新的商业区、小区来说，当建设充电桩、充电站时，配电容量可以重新规划，但对于电容不足的老旧小区，配电则十分困难。

对此，能量缓冲则极为必要。在以往电动汽车充电站的建设中，主要是以电网为主导。

没有电网资质的民资或个体企业，在建设充电站的过程中往往可能会面临土地资源不足或电网接入的问题。

在原有的配电网络中，日常负荷可能将用到80％的能量，而剩余20％的能量不足以供充电站使用，尤其是有集中充电需求的新能源物流车和电动汽车租赁企业。Image

光储一体化充电站

光储充一体化解决方案，将能够解决在有限的土地资源里配电网的问题，通过能量存储和优化配置实现本地能源生产与用能负荷基本平衡。

可根据需要与公共电网灵活互动且相对独立运行，尽可能地使用新能源，缓解了充电桩用电对电网的冲击。在能耗方面，直接使用储能电池给动力电池充电，提高了能源转换效率。

"十四五"时期作为未来40年碳中和之路的开端，大力发展风电、光伏、储能为一体的光储充能源生产和利用形式，将在我国实现碳中和目标以及能源结构转型中发挥巨大的作用。

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光储一体化建设

整体而言，光储充还处于政策驱动向市场驱动的转变商业化初期，标准缺失、安全、成本等方面存在不少问题，电池检测存在技术壁垒，投资回收周期也较长（5年半左右）。

但越来越多的新能源车上路对便捷的充电设施需求越发迫切，未来随着组件成本的进一步降低，商业运作模式更加成熟，在强有力政策引导、政府补贴和头部企业试点示范项目的引导下，光储充一体化大规模落地有望为国内厂商提供更多的市场发展机遇。

另一方面，随着试点项目的不断探索，光储充也呈变电站＋充电站＋数据中心站＋直流配电站＋光伏站＋储能站＋加油＋加气＋换电等多功能综合体的趋势发展。