Central Asia Summit - China's third chess game against the US strategy!中亚峰会——中国对美国战略下第三颗棋！

On May 18 and 19, the China-Central Asia Summit was held in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. The five Central Asian countries were Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan.

It is very meaningful to hold it in Xi'an instead of Beijing, which will be explained in detail later.

Among them, President Zaparov of Kyrgyzstan paid a state visit to China one day in advance. The itinerary of his state visit is from the 17th to the 20th. China and Kyrgyzstan will establish a comprehensive strategic partnership in the new era.

This summit between China and the five Central Asian countries is another diplomatic attack by China after the summit between China and the League of Arab States and the summit between China and the Gulf States in December last year.

Moreover, this is China's third strategic move in the near future.

1 Central Asia’s geographical location is important

Let me first introduce the five Central Asian countries. The total area of the five Central Asian countries is 4 million square kilometers, larger than India, with a population of 74 million and a total GDP of about 300 billion US dollars.

The five countries in Central Asia are all landlocked countries, but they have abundant energy resources. It is estimated that the oil reserves in Central Asia and the Caspian Sea region are 150 billion to 200 billion barrels, accounting for about 18% to 25% of the world's oil reserves. The proven natural gas reserves have reached 7.9 trillion cubic meters, and the five Central Asian countries are therefore called the second Middle East.

In addition, Kazakhstan's uranium reserves rank second in the world, and Turkmenistan's natural gas reserves are 6 trillion cubic meters, ranking fourth in the world. Uzbekistan's gold reserves rank fourth in the world. In addition, Central Asia is also rich in cash crops such as grains and cotton.

The geographical locations of these five countries are very important. Since ancient times, they have been the hubs and buffer zones between major powers. The neighboring powers in history include China, Russia, Persia (now Iran), India, and the Ottoman Empire (now Turkey).

The geopolitical importance of the five Central Asian countries is still the same as in ancient times, serving as a buffer zone between major powers and a hub of transportation. From the map, if China wants to enter the Middle East, it needs to pass through the five Central Asian countries or Afghanistan. In fact, Afghanistan is also a country of Stan.

Let's take a look at the road map of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Among them, the economic belt of the land Silk Road starts from Xi'an, China, passes through Lanzhou, and arrives at Urumqi. It goes out of China and leads to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Turkey, and then north to Russia. , and then to Europe.

It can be seen that Central Asia is a must. Therefore, China must improve its relations with the five Central Asian countries.

Therefore, the five Central Asian countries, except Turkmenistan, have joined the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Since Turkmenistan opted for permanent neutral status, it avoided joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. However, Turkmenistans participate in at least one meeting of the SCO, large or small, every year.

2 China's first strategic move

Why do you say that this China-Central Asia summit is the third step in China's strategy toward the United States?

China's first fall on the Middle East fell on Iran. In the middle of 2021, news spread from the international diplomatic community that Iran will sign a 25-year strategic agreement with China. After the news came out, the Israeli side released rumors again. The Israeli media said: "China will therefore become Iran's protectorate."

The first chess piece China played was suspected by some people at the time, who believed that there were many grievances and grievances with different religious factions in the Middle East, some of which were thousands of years old. Therefore, it is suggested that China should not intervene in Middle East affairs, so as not to offend Saudi Arabia and Israel. However, in the international arena, where is it possible not to stick to the pan? In particular, China is a big country, and it is impossible to stay at home forever.

China's first move on the international chessboard (for the past two years) will not be officially harvested until March 2021, a year later, when China and Iran finally signed a strategic agreement.

This strategic agreement is very important and has three layers of significance.

First, in May 2018, the Trump administration withdrew from the Iran nuclear deal. The Iran nuclear deal was signed in 2015 under the witness of Russia, China, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and the European Union. However, the United States unilaterally withdrew from the agreement and imposed stricter sanctions on Iran than before.

Three years later, China signed a 25-year strategic agreement with Iran, tantamount to ignoring the US sanctions against Iran. You must know that the United States has not troubled China in order to implement the sanctions against Iran before. In April 2018, the United States accused China's ZTE Corporation of violating the U.S. ban on Iran, and therefore announced that it would prohibit American companies from selling parts to ZTE within 7 years.

Then on December 1, 2018, the United States detained Meng Wanzhou, Huawei’s chief financial officer, through Canadian police, hoping to find evidence that Huawei violated Iran’s sanctions.

Then, the United States imposed a chip blockade on Huawei in May 2019 and May 2020, and it must put Huawei to death. In fact, the United States is not only targeting Huawei, but China's high-end industries, trying to suppress China's development in the technology industry.

China is of course aware of this, and it is impossible for its own companies to be bullied by the United States without turning a blind eye. It's just that this matter needs to be discussed in the long run, and it's time to make a decision before making a move. In addition, although China intends to sign a strategic agreement with Iran, Iran must have this willingness. Therefore, this first pawn will not see results until March 2021. The effectiveness of this first drop is still in progress. From January 10 to 14, 2022, the foreign ministers of the four Gulf countries will visit Beijing collectively, including the foreign ministers of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman and Bahrain. During the same period, the foreign ministers of Turkey and Iran visited China on the 12th and 14th respectively.

This timing is very coincidental, but during that period, Wang Yi told the foreign ministers of these countries that if they want to achieve development, they must let go of some prejudices and work together.

In March 2023, one year later, Saudi Arabia and Iran decided to restore diplomatic relations between the two countries. It can be seen that China's first drop has played a great role.

Since then, the League of Arab States has re-accepted Syria to join the League. Countries in the Middle East are moving towards reconciliation and regional integration.

This is the so-called "you retreat and I advance". The original plan of the Biden administration was to withdraw troops from Afghanistan, carry out strategic contraction, and then concentrate resources and troops to strengthen the strength of the Indo-Pacific strategy and deal with China. As a result, the US military will withdraw its troops from Afghanistan in August 2021.

U.S. troops pulled out of Afghanistan, sorry, China moved on. Moreover, the U.S. military did not fully implement its plan to withdraw from Afghanistan until five months after the signing of the Sino-Iran strategic agreement. The Biden administration at the time did not expect that China would achieve such strategic results in the Middle East. Frankly, it's a little sluggish.

China's strategy is to deny the U.S. military in the Western Pacific, and then advance strategically in Central Asia and the Middle East in the west. This is what was said at the time, you (the United States) retreat and I (the middle) advance. China does not seek to win directly when facing American power in the Western Pacific, but adopts a roundabout strategy: "Advance from the west and refuse to stop it from the east."

Obviously, China's strategic planning has achieved good results, not only in terms of diplomacy and geopolitics, but also on the road to de-dollarization. This is a double victory.

3 US counterattack

Since the United States has carried out strategic contraction, the purpose is to deal with China, of course, the United States will not wait in vain, so as to lose strategic opportunities. Although the Biden administration has not achieved better results in the Indo-Pacific strategy, it has achieved some results in the other two levels earlier this year.

The United States successfully persuaded Japan and the Netherlands to agree to limit the export of semiconductor equipment to China. This is a further step by the United States to sanction China in the chip field after the chip quartet alliance last year.

Second, the United States has successfully pulled Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines with the intention of interfering in Taiwan Strait affairs. Japan also said: "What happens to Taiwan means what happens to Japan."

In addition, the United States also led South Korea to conduct two large-scale military exercises at the end of last year and the beginning of this year. Also, during South Korean President Yoon Seok-yue's visit to the United States in late April, the United States will send nuclear submarines and strategic bombers into South Korea "at Yoon's request."

After the Russo-Ukraine war started, the United States encouraged Japan to denounce Russia's sovereignty over the South Kuril Islands, and wanted to exert military pressure on Russia in the Russian Far East. Let Russia suffer from the enemy.

4 The Chinese side's second move

Frankly speaking, the US side's strategic contraction cannot be said to have no results at all, but the results are limited. The reason is:

First, the degree of cooperation among countries is not very high.

In fact, the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan has been planned during the Trump period, and it can even be traced back to the period of former President Obama. During the Obama period, the plan was already made. First, some US troops will be withdrawn from Iraq, and the next step is to withdraw troops from Afghanistan. .

The U.S. plan is to focus on the Indo-Pacific strategy after the strategic contraction in the Middle East. The most obvious thing is that after Biden took office in January 2021, he immediately called out to unite allies against China. Biden actively promoted allies, dispatched warships to sail freely in the South China Sea and the East China Sea, and conducted joint military exercises in the Western Pacific.

But the allies of the United States often just go through the motions and muddle through. In September 2021, the United States will join forces with the United Kingdom and Australia to establish a new Indo-Pacific alliance, AUKUS. This can be said to be a phased achievement of the US Indo-Pacific strategy. But what's the use? The United Kingdom and Australia are already allies of the United States. This is old wine in new bottles, which has no effect. It only attracts many countries to question the United States' breach of the "Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons" treaty, and it also attracts dissatisfaction from Indonesia, a major power in Southeast Asia.

Second, the U.S. strategic contraction plan encountered the new crown epidemic on the way, which damaged the power of the United States, broke the layout of the United States, and delayed the implementation of the U.S. plan. In the two years of 2020 and 2021 when the epidemic is a pandemic, the United States has few measures to deal with China. Apart from accusing China of the epidemic, it can only engage in free navigation without further promotion.

Like AUKSU, the United States' tight deployment in Northeast Asia at the beginning of this year will not achieve further results. Whether it is the establishment of AUKUS or the further advancement of Japan and South Korea in Northeast Asia, they are also military security alliances. The United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and South Korea are allies of the United States. These measures by the United States have not substantially enhanced the strength of their own camp. How much power can be added to old wine in new bottles?

Compared with China's achievements in Iran and the Middle East, it has added strength in geopolitics, diplomacy, and the de-dollarization camp.

So this time, in response to the United States' counterattack on Japan and South Korea in Northeast Asia, and at the same time exerting pressure on China and Russia, the response of China and Russia is also very simple. A few days ago, the General Administration of Customs of China announced that "China will increase the port of Vladivostok, Russia, as a transit port for cross-border transportation of domestic trade goods,"

Russia agrees with China to use Vladivostok Port as a transit port for China's domestic trade goods. This move is tantamount to Russia bringing China in. On the one hand, it uses this to prosper Vladivostok and its neighboring regions. country.

This is China's second move in the world chess game (in terms of the past two years), and it easily offset the pressure from the United States and Japan. Why do you say that?

This is the same reason as the US-UK-Australia AUKUS alliance. Both China and Russia are military and nuclear powers. Even if the US military pushes Japan and South Korea to the doorstep of China and Russia, what can it do? On the other hand, the U.S. move cannot substantially enhance the strength of the U.S., Japan, and South Korea.

The United States may believe that the United States, Japan and South Korea have stepped up their alliance. But in the end it was just futile.

5 China's third move

So this summit between China and the five Central Asian countries is China's third move.

The map on the screen is the countries or regions that have signed the Belt and Road cooperation documents. This picture is also roughly the country that conducts trade settlement in local currency during de-dollarization. Among them, Brazil and Argentina in South America need to conduct trade settlement in their own currencies with China, or settlement in RMB. Bolivia is also considering RMB settlement with China.

If the world is regarded as a Go board, China has dropped two pawns in the Middle East and Central Asia in the past two years, and then strengthened cooperation with Russia in the east.

Moreover, every move in these strategic layouts brings substantial results, which may be economic and trade, investment, or infrastructure construction, as well as financial local currency swaps or RMB settlement. Every move is a step forward.

6 Why choose Xi'an?

Finally, I would like to talk to you about why the China-Central Asia Summit was chosen to be held in Xi'an this time?

The first reason, of course, is the proximity of the location.

Xi'an is a big city in the west of China and the economic center of the west. Xi'an is also the starting point of the Silk Road Economic Belt in the Belt and Road Initiative. Xi'an is a metropolis facing Central Asian countries, and this is the best location.

The second reason is that Xi'an is also the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, the ancient capital of 13 dynasties. Choosing Xi'an as the venue for the Central Asia Summit allows countries to review the grand occasion of the thousand-year-old Silk Road. This is also a reminder to all countries of the benefits that the Silk Road once brought to all countries. Today's Belt and Road Initiative will bring more benefits, enhance the economies of all countries, and promote regional prosperity and development.

The third reason implies the significance of the prosperity of China in the Han and Tang Dynasties.

Xi'an was the national capital during the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the Han and Tang Dynasties were the prosperous times of China. Both the Han and Tang dynasties managed the Great Western Regions. During the Han Dynasty, the Protectorate of the Western Regions was established to take charge of the Western Regions.

The Tang Dynasty established 9 Protectorate Houses, the largest of which was the Protectorate House in Anxi. The location of the Duhufu during the Han and Tang Dynasties is roughly in today's Xinjiang, China, the five countries of Central Asia, and the southern part of Afghanistan. The lake in the northwest corner of the map is the Aral Sea.

On the evening of May 18, Chinese state leaders attended the welcoming ceremony. This is a traditional welcome ceremony during the Tang Dynasty in China. In front of the Ziyun Tower, the ancient dance of ceremonies and music, as well as the hibiscus flower dance, express the hospitality of the people in the ancient capital of Xi'an and present the inclusive Chinese cultural spirit to foreign guests.

It is rare to see dance in modern society. If you are overseas and want to see the dance, you can see it in the annual ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius.

7 Conclusion

China's first move, the signing of a strategic agreement with Iran, is still in effect. The summit between China and the League of Arab States in December last year reached a climax. This is the first summit between China and the League of Arab States.

In March 2023, Saudi Arabia and Iran resumed diplomatic relations, and the countries in the Middle East moved toward reconciliation. This is the peak of another wave.

This time, the summit between China and Central Asian countries is the third one.

Like the China-Arab Summit, this is also the first summit between China and Central Asian countries. The two goals are two-pronged approach to promote the cooperative relationship between China and Central Asia and the Middle East countries. At the same time, this is also two major strategic strides forward.

In the future, we will see more chess pieces fall, please wait and see.

From May 18th to 19th, the China-Central Asia Summit will be held in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, the ancient capital of 13 dynasties and the starting point of the Silk Road.

China's first diplomatic event in 2023 will be held in Xi'an. This is another once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for Xi'an, and it is also a window for Xi'an to promote itself and show itself.

Not long ago, after a week of continuous drizzle, Ann's streets and alleys became more lively after the rain. Tourists also seem to be increasing sharply, which can be described as overwhelming popularity.

With the help of the Central Asia Summit, what kind of opportunities will Xi'an usher in? In my opinion, there are at least three opportunities.

First: Xi'an's international reputation will be further enhanced

Xi'an itself is a famous cultural and tourist city in the world. In the 1,000 years of Chinese history, we look at Beijing, and in 3,000 years, we look at Xi'an.

The world wants to understand the history of China's development, the ancient oriental culture and wisdom. If you don't come to Xi'an, it seems that you have never been to China.

Taking advantage of the momentum of the Central Asia Summit, Xi'an will once again be focused by the world, which will further enhance Xi'an's international influence and reputation.

It is believed that with the further improvement of Xi'an's international popularity and international influence, Xi'an will host more and more major domestic and international conferences, allowing Chinese people and the world to enter Xi'an and appreciate the ancient and modern times of Xi'an, the ancient capital of 13 dynasties. , inheritance and development.

Second: Xi'an Internet celebrity economy and traffic economy will enter the fast lane

Xi'an is already one of the most popular cities in China. During the May Day period, Xi'an's Tang Dynasty Night City frequently appeared on CCTV news. Even on the big screen in Times Square in New York, the rapid economic recovery during China's Xi'an Five Period was broadcast sourly. The fireworks of the Datang Everbright City are filled with crowds of people.

There is heaven on the top, and Suzhou and Hangzhou on the bottom. It is not as bright as Chang'an. Xi'an during the day and Chang'an at night. Blowing the wind on the city wall, drinking a bowl of mutton foam has become the best choice for tourists at home and abroad.

As an Internet celebrity city, Xi'an has attracted numerous fans. Traffic has literally been transformed into retention.

In the first quarter of 2023, Xi'an's GDP growth rate in the first quarter will be 7.6%, 3.1 percentage points higher than the national growth rate, and 1.1 percentage points ahead of Shenzhen, which has the second fastest growth rate.

Let the people of the country look at Xi'an again, this underdeveloped city in the west. I believe that with the holding of the Central Asia Summit in Xi'an.

Internet celebrity economy and traffic economy will enter the fast lane, which will bring infinite surprises and possibilities to Xi'an and the world.

Third: Xi'an will usher in a golden period for changing lanes and overtaking.

After all, the economy without industrial support seems a little weaker, and it is precisely because of the lack of self-development that Xi'an has started a new energy layout early on.

In 2022, Xi'an will become the number one city in China for the production of new energy vehicles. Now Xi'an has another identity, that is, the national dual-center city.

With the convening of the Central Asia Summit in Xi'an, Xi'an will become the vanguard and leader in the construction of the Belt and Road.

Carry out more exchanges and cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road. Economic development and cultural and academic exchanges will enter a golden period, reappearing the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Conclusion:

Of course, for Xi’an, this is both an opportunity and a challenge. What is needed is to go up to the leadership and down to ordinary people. The hosts, with one heart and one mind, work together to write a new chapter in the development of Xi'an.

5月18日与19日这两天，中国——中亚五国峰会在陕西省西安市举行，中亚五国分别是哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦。

在西安市而不是北京举行，这是别具深意，待会儿会仔细说明。

其中，吉尔吉斯斯坦总统扎帕罗夫，提前一天到中国进行国事访问，其国事访问的行程从17日到20日，中吉双方将建立新时代全面战略伙伴关系。

这一次中国与中亚五国的峰会，是继去年12月，中国与阿拉伯国家联盟峰会，以及中国与海湾国家联盟峰会之后，中国再一次外交出击。

并且，这是中国近期在战略上的第三颗落子。

1 中亚地理位置重要

先介绍一下中亚五国，中亚五国总面积400万平方公里，比印度还要大，人口7400万，GDP总量约3000亿美元。

中亚五国全部都是内陆国，但是有丰富的能源资源。据估计，中亚及里海地区的石油蕴藏量为1500亿-2000亿桶，约占世界石油储量的18%-25%。而已经探明的天然气储量达到7.9万亿立方米，中亚五国因此被称为第二个中东。

除此之外，哈萨克斯坦的铀矿储量高居世界第二，土库曼斯坦的天然气储量为6万亿立方米，居世界第四位。乌兹别克斯坦的黄金储量是世界第四位。另外，中亚还盛产谷物、棉花等经济作物。

这五个国家的地理位置相当重要，自古以来，就是各大国之间的要冲，也是缓冲地带。历史上的周边强国有中国，俄罗斯、波斯（今伊朗）、印度、与奥斯曼帝国（今土耳其）。

中亚五国在地缘政治上的重要性仍然同古时候一样，是大国之间的缓冲地带，以及交通的枢纽。从地图上来看，中国要进入中东地区，需要经过中亚五国，或是阿富汗。其实阿富汗也是一个斯坦国家，

我们看一下一带一路计划的路线图。

其中陆上丝绸之路的经济带， 从中国的西安市出发，经兰州，到乌鲁木齐， 出了中国的国门，通往哈萨克、吉尔吉斯、塔吉克、乌兹别克、土库曼，然后到伊朗和土耳其，再北上俄罗斯，再通往欧洲。

可以看到，中亚地区是必经之地。所以，中国必须要搞好与中亚五国的关系。

也因此，中亚五国除了土库曼斯坦之外，都加入了上海合作组织。由于土库曼选择永久中立国地位，因而避免加入上海合作组织。但是，土库曼每年都会至少参加一次上合组织或大或小规模的会议。

2 中国在战略上第一颗落子

为什么说这一次中国——中亚五国的峰会，是中国对美战略的第三颗落子呢？

中国对中东地区的第一颗落子下在了伊朗身上。2021年中，国际外交界传出了消息，伊朗将同中国签订为期25年的战略协议。这个消息传出来之后，以色列那边又放出了风声，以色列媒体说：“中国将因此成为伊朗的保护国”。

中国下的第一颗棋子，当时受到一些人怀疑，认为中东地区宗教派系不同，恩怨很多，有些是千年的恩怨。因此建议中国最好不要介入中东的事务，免得得罪沙特阿拉伯，又得罪以色列。可是，在国际江湖上闯荡，哪里有可能不粘锅呢？尤其中国是一个大国，不可能永远窝在自己家里。

中国在国际棋盘上的第一个落子（这两年而言），隔了一年之后的2021年3月，才正式收成，中伊两国终于签订了战略协议。

这一份战略协议非常重要，具有三层的意义。

第一，2018年5月，特朗普政府退出了伊朗核协议。伊朗核协议是于2015年，在俄罗斯、中国、英国、法国、德国与欧盟的见证下，所签订的协议。但是，美国单方面退出了协议，并且对伊朗实施比之前更为严厉的制裁。

三年之后，中国与伊朗签订为期25年的战略协议，等于是不理会美国对伊朗的制裁令。要知道，美国之前还为了执行对伊朗的制裁令，没有少找中国的麻烦。2018年4月， 美国指控中国中兴通讯公司违反美国对伊朗的禁令，因而宣布，禁止美国企业于7年内向中兴通讯销售零件。

然后又于2018年12月1日，美国透过加拿大警方扣押华为财务长孟晚舟，想要借此找出华为违反伊朗制裁令的证据。

接着，美国又于2019年5月和2020年5月，分别对华为实施芯片封锁，非要置华为于死地不可。其实，美国针对的不仅仅是华为，而是中国的高端产业，要力图压制中国在科技产业的发展。

中国对这一点当然清楚，也不可能平白让自己的企业遭受美国的欺凌而不闻不顾。只不过此事需要从长计议，谋定而后动。另外，虽然中国有意同伊朗签订战略协议，但也要伊朗有此意愿才行。所以，这第一颗棋子一直到2021年3月才看到成效。这第一颗落子的成效还在进行中。2022年1月10日至14日，海湾四国外长集体到北京访问，包括沙特、科威特、阿曼和巴林外长。同期间，土耳其与伊朗外长分别于12日和14日到中国访问。

这个时间点很巧啊，但就是在那期间，王毅同这些国家的外长说，想要得到发展，就要放下一些成见，大家携手合作。

再隔一年的2023年3月，沙特与伊朗决定恢复两国的外交关系。可见中国这第一颗落子发挥了很大的功效，

因为其后，阿拉伯国家联盟重新接受叙利亚加入该联盟。中东地区国家迈向和解的道路，也迈向了区域的整合。

这就是所谓的“你退我进”。拜登政府原来的盘算是，从阿富汗撤军，进行战略收缩，然后集中资源和兵力，加强印太战略的力量，对付中国。于是，美军在2021年8月从阿富汗撤军。

美军撤出了阿富汗，不好意思，中国就前进了。而且美军是在中伊战略协议签订之后五个月，才完全实施撤出阿富汗的计划。当时的拜登政府没有料到，中国会在中东地区获得如此的战略成效。坦白说，这有一点迟钝。

中国的战略是，在西太平洋拒止美军，然后在西边的中亚与中东地区战略前进。这就是当时说的，你（美）退我（中）进，中国不求在西太平洋面对美国力量的时候直接取胜，而是采取迂回的战略：“西进东拒止”。

很明显的，中国的战略规划取得很好的成果，不仅仅是在外交上、在地缘政治上取得效果，在去美元化的道路上也往前推进，这是双料战果。

3 美方反击

既然美方进行了战略收缩，目的就是要对付中国，美国方面当然也不会白白等待，以至于流失战略契机。虽然拜登政府在印太战略方面没有取得更好的成效，但是在另外两个层面上，于今年初获得一些成果。

美国成功说服日本与荷兰两国，两国同意限制对中国半导体设备的出口。这是继去年芯片四方联盟之后，美国更进一步在芯片领域上制裁中国。

第二，美国又成功拉动日本、韩国与菲律宾，意图干涉台海事务。日本还说出了：“台湾有事就是日本有事”。

另外，美国还于去年底和今年初，带领韩国进行两次大规模的军事演习。又在四月下旬韩国总统尹锡悦访美期间，“应尹锡悦的要求”， 美国将派遣核潜艇与战略轰炸机进入韩国。

而美国又于俄乌战争开打之后，鼓舞日本向俄罗斯声讨南千岛群岛的主权，要在俄罗斯远东地区，向俄罗斯施加军事压力。让俄罗斯腹背受敌。

4 中方第二颗落子

坦白说，美方进行战略收缩，不能够说完全没有成果，但是成效有限。理由是：

第一，各国配合程度不是很高。

其实，美国从阿富汗撤军在特朗普时期就已经规划了，甚至还可以追溯到前总统奥巴马时期，在奥巴马时期就已经做出了规划，先从伊拉克撤出一些美军，下一步就是从阿富汗撤军。

美国的计划是，从中东地区进行战略收缩之后，可以集中精力在印太战略。最明显的就是，拜登于2021年1月上任后，立马喊出了联合盟国对付中国。拜登积极推进盟国，派遣军舰到南海、到东海自由航行，在西太平洋搞联合军事演习。

可是美国的盟国往往只是走一个过场，敷衍了事。美国于2021年9月，联合英国与澳大利亚成立新印太联盟，AUKUS。这可以说是美国在印太战略上阶段性的成果。但是有什么用呢？英国与澳大利亚本来就是美国的盟国，这是新瓶装旧酒，没有什么功效，只是引来许多国家，质疑美国破坏了《不扩散核武器》条约，也引来了东南亚区域大国印尼的不满。

第二，美国的战略收缩计划在途中遇到了新冠疫情，折损了美国的力量，也打破了美国的布局，延缓美国计划的推行。在疫情大流行的2020与2021年两年，美国能够对付中国的措施不多，除了在疫情方面指控中国之外，也就只能够搞搞自由航行，没有更进一步的推展。

同AUKSU一样，美国今年初在东北亚的紧密布局，也不会有更进一步的成效，不论是AUKUS的成立，或是在东北亚更进一步推进日韩两国，都是同样属于军事安全联盟。英国、澳大利亚、日本与韩国本来就是美国的盟国，美国这些措施，并没有在实质上增进己方阵营的力量。新瓶装旧酒，又能增添多少力量呢？

相较于中国在伊朗与中东地区取得的成果，在地缘政治、外交，以及去美元化的阵营上，都添加了力量。

那么这一次，应对美国把反击落在了东北亚的日韩两国，同时对中俄两个施加压力，中俄两国的回应也很简单。前几天，中国海关总署宣布，“中国将增加俄罗斯海参崴港，为内贸货物跨境运输中转口岸，”

俄罗斯同意中国，使用海参崴港作为中国内贸货物的中转口岸，此举等于是俄罗斯把中国拉了进来，一方面借此繁荣海参崴与邻近地区，二方面，引进中国的力量，共同抗击美日两国。

这是中国在世界大棋局的第二颗落子（以这两年而言），轻轻松松就抵消了美日两国的压力。为什么这么说？

这是同美英澳AUKUS联盟一样的理由，中俄两国都是军事大国，也是核大国，美军就算把日韩两国推到中俄两国的家门口，又能怎样呢？另一方面，美方此举也无法在实质上增强美日韩三国的实力。

美国方面可能认为，美日韩三国加紧了同盟关系。但最终只是徒劳。

5 中方第三颗落子

那么这一次中国和中亚五国的峰会，就是中方的第三颗落子了。

画面上的地图是已签署一带一路合作档的国家或地区。这份图也大致上是去美元化中，进行本币贸易结算的国家。其中南美洲的巴西与阿根廷要同中国进行本币贸易结算，或是人民币结算。玻利维亚也在考虑同中国进行人民币结算。

如果把世界当成是一个围棋的棋盘，中国这两年中东地区与中亚地区落下了两颗棋子，然后在东边加强与俄罗斯的合作。

而且，这些战略布局中的每一步棋，都带来实质的成效，可能是经贸上的，投资上的，或是基础建设，以及金融上的本币互换，或是人民币结算。每一步棋都往前推进了一步。

6 为什么选择西安？

最后跟大家谈一下，为什么这一次的中国与中亚峰会选择在西安举行呢？

第一个原因当然是，地点临近。

西安是中国西部大城，是西部的经济中心城市。西安也是一带一路计划中的丝绸之路经济带的起点。西安是面向中亚国家的大都市，这是最佳地点。

第二个原因，西安也是古丝绸之路的起点，13朝古都。选择西安作为中亚峰会的地点，可以让各国回顾一下千年古丝路的盛况。这也是提醒各国，丝路曾经带给各国的好处。而今天的一带一路计划，会带来更多的好处，提升各国的经济，促进区域的繁荣与发展。

第三个原因，隐含了汉唐时期中华盛世的意义在其中。

西安在汉唐时期是国都，而汉唐时期是中国的盛世。汉唐两朝都经营了大西域。汉朝时期设立西域都护府，掌管西域。

唐朝设立9个都护府，其中最大的是安西都护府。汉唐时期都护府的所在之地，大约就是在今天的中国新疆以及中亚五国，到阿富汗的南部。地图上西北角的湖泊是咸海。

5月18日晚上，中国国家领导人出席了欢迎仪式。这是中国唐朝时期的传统迎宾仪式。在紫云楼前礼乐和鸣的古代佾舞，还有芙蓉花舞，表达了古都西安人民的热情好客，向外宾呈现兼容并蓄的中华文化精神。

在现代社会佾舞已经很少见了。如果是在海外，想要见识佾舞的话，可以在每年的祭孔典礼中看到。

7 结论

中国所下的第一颗落子，同伊朗签订战略协议，仍然发挥着功效。去年12月的中国与阿拉伯国家联盟峰会，走上一波的高潮。这是中国与阿拉伯国家联盟的第一次峰会。

2023年3月，沙特和伊朗恢复外交关系，中东国家走向和解。这是另一波的高峰。

这一次的中国与中亚国家的峰会，是第三颗落子。

同中阿峰会一样，这也是第一次中国与中亚国家的峰会。两颗落子双管齐下， 推进中国与中亚和中东国家的合作关系。同时，这也是战略上的两次大迈进。

以后，我们还会看到更多的棋子落下，大家请拭目以待。

5月18日至19日，中国—中亚峰会将在13朝古都，丝绸之路的起点陕西西安举行，可谓举国关注，举世瞩目。

中国2023年首场外交盛会花落西安，这对西安来说又是一次千载难逢的机遇，也是西安宣传自我，展示自我的窗口。

前不久，经过一个星期的绵绵细雨的洗礼，雨后的安的大街小巷一下子热闹了许多。游客似乎也在剧增，可谓是人气爆棚。

借此次中亚峰会的东风，西安将迎来怎样的机遇？在小编看来，至少有三个方面的机遇。

第一：西安国际知名度将进一步提高

西安，本身就是世界著名文化和旅游名城，中国历史1000年看北京，3000年看西安。

世界要了解中国发展史，要了解古老的东方文化和东方智慧，不来西安，似乎就好像没有到过中国。

借此次中亚峰会的东风，西安将又一次被世界目光所焦聚，这将进一步提高西安的国际影响力和国际知名度。

相信随着西安的国际知名度和国际影响力的进一步提升，西安将会越来越多地承办更多的国内和国际重大会议，让国人和世界走进西安，领略13朝古都西安的古老与现代，传承与发展。

第二：西安网红经济和流量经济将进入快车道

西安已经是国内数一数二的网红城市，五一期间， 西安的大唐不夜城频频登上央视新闻， 就连美国纽约的时代广场的大屏幕上，也酸溜溜地播放了中国西安五期间经济快速复苏，大唐不夜城人山人海的烟火气。

上有天堂，下有苏杭，不如长安灯火辉煌。白天是西安，晚上是长安。吹一吹明城墙上的风，咥一碗羊肉泡沫已经海内外游客说一不二的选择。

西安作为网红城市，已圈粉无数。流量已经名副其实地转化成了留量。

2023年第一季度，西安第一季度GDP增速增速7.6%，高出全国增速3.1个百分点，也领先增速第2名的深圳1.1个百分点。

让国人再一次对西安，这个西部欠发达城市刮目相看。相信随着这次中亚峰会在西安的举办。

网红经济和流量经济将进入快车道，将会给西安和世界带来无限惊喜和可能。

第三：西安将迎来变道超车的黄金期。

没有工业支撑的经济毕竟显得淡薄了一些，也正是看到了自身发展的不足，西安早早就开始了新能源布局。

2022年，西安成为中国新能源汽车产量第一城。如今西安又多了一个身份，那就是国家双中心城市。

随着此次中亚峰会在西安的召开，西安将成为一带一路建设中的排头兵和领头羊。

和一带一路沿线国家进行更多的交流与合作。经济发展和文化学术交流将进入黄金期，再现大唐盛世风采。

结束语：

当然，这对西安来说，这既是机遇也是挑战，需要的是上到领导层，下到普通百姓，需要借中亚峰会的东风，迎难而上， 顺势而为，发扬主人翁精神，当好东道主，同心同德，上下一心，共同谱写西安发展的新篇章。