Cake Case" (Defendant: Cake Shop Owner)“蛋糕案”（被告：蛋糕店店主）

In July 2012, a same-sex married couple came to Materpiece Cake Shop in Colorado to order a wedding cake, but the owner of the cake shop refused the request of the same-sex married couple based on his religious beliefs as Christians. The couple filed a complaint with the Colorado Civil Rights Commission, arguing that the actions of the Masterpiece cake shop violated the "Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act" that "prohibits foreign operators from discriminating against customers based on race, religion, gender or sexual orientation." After losing the case in state and appeals courts, the owner of Masterpiece Bakery took the case to the Federal Supreme Court.

On June 4, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the examiners of the Colorado Civil Rights Commission did not treat the religious beliefs of Masterpiece cake shop owners neutrally and equally, and finally ruled that the Colorado Civil Rights Commission lost the case.

Freedom of Speech VS Equality: In the Cake case, the most popular type of equality that has attracted the most attention and resources—sexual equality—conflicts with freedom of speech. Between these two values and "political correctness", do you want freedom or equality?

Freedom of Religion VS Freedom of Sexual Orientation: The law stipulates that everyone has the freedom to believe in religion, but in the context of Christianity and Islam, behaviors such as homosexuality and abortion are considered degenerate. In contrast, the law protects the rights of the gay community and prohibits any discrimination against others based on their sexual orientation.

How does the law deal with the conflict between the two?

2012年7月，一对同性婚姻伴侣来到位于科罗拉多州Materpiece蛋糕店订做结婚蛋糕，但该蛋糕店的的店主基于自己作为基督徒的宗教信仰，拒绝了该对同性婚姻配偶的请求。该对配偶向科罗拉多州民权委员会提交诉状，主张Masterpiece蛋糕店的行为违反了《科罗拉多州反歧视法案》中“禁止对外营业的经营商基于种族、宗教、性别或性取向而歧视顾客”的规定。在州和上诉法院败诉后，Masterpiece蛋糕店的店主将案件上诉到了联邦最高法院。
2018年6月4日，美国最高法院做出判决，认定科罗拉多州民权委员会的审查官没有中立、平等对待Masterpiece蛋糕店店主的宗教信仰，最终判决科罗拉多州民权委员会败诉。
言论自由VS平等：蛋糕案中，则是当下最热门、也聚焦了最多关注和资源的一种平等——性向平等——与言论自由发生冲突。在这两大价值和“政治正确”中间，要自由还是要平等？
宗教自由VS性向自由：法律规定了人人都有信教自由，但在基督教和伊斯兰教的语境中，如同性恋和堕胎等行为均被认为是堕落的表现。相对的，法律保护同性恋群体的权益，禁止任何因性向而歧视他人行为。
法律如何应对这二者的冲突？